George H. W. Bush
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Transcript of George H. W. Bush
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George H. W.Bush
Foreign Policy:
Wait and See
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1989: The Year of Miracles
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Tiananmen Square Demonstrations
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General Secretary Deng Xiaoping
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Tank Man
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Tiananmen Square Massacre
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Tiananmen Square
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Fall of the Berlin WallNovember 9, 1989
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1989 Spirit of Revolution
Fall of 1989: Berlin Crowds Gathered
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November 9, 1989
6:53 pm
East German officialcommented on travel
laws"Well, as far as I can see, ... straightaway,
immediately."
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10:30 pm (November 9, 1989)Berlin Border Opened
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Fall of the Berlin Wall
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Fall of the Berlin Wall
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Who helped to bring down the Berlin Wall?
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US Response: “A Pause”
Why did Herby “pause?”
• Working without US support• Fear of counter revolution• Might not work –look bad• Personal relationship with
Gorbachev
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Berlin Wall Today
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Berlin Wall (Today)
George H. W. Bush Library
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Berlin Wall (Las Vegas)
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German ReunificationOctober 3, 1990
Chancellor Helmut Kohl
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Thaw in the Cold War Continued
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Mikhail Gorbachev
• Nobel Peace Prize (1990)
• Ronald Reagan Freedom Award (1992)• Times Person of the
Decade (1990)• Times Person of the Year (1987 and 1989)
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Washington SummitMay 30 – June 3, 1990
• Main Accomplishment: cut arms to Iraq
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Conventional Forces in Europe (CFE)November 19, 1990
• Major turning point in American-Soviet relations• Mandated the destruction of excess weaponry • Cut conventional forces in Europe to the same levels• US Win: Soviets had to cut more
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START I(Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty)
July 31, 1991
Nuclear Missiles
–US 7,200–Soviets 6,000
• US Victory: US permitted to keep more missiles
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Soviet CoupAugust 18, 1991
Attempted to overthrow Gorbachev and instill a more hard-lined Communistic
government
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President Bush did not accept coup leaders
Coup lasted only 2 days and Gorbachev returned to power
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Russian President Boris Yeltsin
• Yeltsin gives a speech defying the coup attempt, giving rise to his popularity
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Soviet Union Map
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Coup EndedAugust 18 - 21, 1991
Gorbachev emerges from hiding
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Gorby Losing Power
• After the coup attempt, soviet satellites began attempting to free themselves of the Soviet Union
• All power swung to Yeltsin
• Banned the Communist Party from Russia
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Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS)
December 8, 1991
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Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS)
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End of the Soviet UnionDecember 25, 1991
Gorbachev resigns as leader of the SU
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START II(Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty)
Signed 1993, Ratified 2000
Nuclear Warheads
–US 3,500–Russia 2,997
• US Win: US permitted to keep more warheads
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Causes for the Fall of the Soviet Union
• Poor condition of Soviet economy• Excessive military spending• Gorbachev’s reforms – too good• Fall of the Berlin Wall
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Growing Drug Problems in the US
Not AmericansWhose Fault?
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Panamanian President Manuel Noriega
• Drug Middleman• 1988 Florida charges• Problem
– US Ally• Helped fight communism• Trained Contras initially
then began to aid the Sandinistas
• Grew in power in Panama and controlled military
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Operation Just Cause (Panama)December 20, 1989
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Operation Just Cause
• 22,500 US troops (23 killed)• 27 targets involved• $1 billion in damages
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Capturing Noriega
Hid in the Vatican Embassy
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President Manuel Noriega
• Captured (1989)
• Trial and Jail (1992)– 40 years, later 30 years
• Released??? September 9, 2007
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Somalia
• over 300,000 Somalis were killed in the famine and civil war
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Operation Restore HopeDecember 9, 1992
• 28,150 peacekeepers -ended famine
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Herby: A Foreign Policy Guru