GEOMATIC - Traverse Survey
Transcript of GEOMATIC - Traverse Survey
7/23/2019 GEOMATIC - Traverse Survey
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/geomatic-traverse-survey 1/56
www.uthm.edu.my
With Wisdom, We Explore
TRAVERSE SURVEY
Mohd Efendi Daud (Dr. Sc)B.Surv (UTM, Malaysia) Msc (UTM, Malaysia), Dr.Sc, (a!oya U"iv.,
#apa")
(Geomatic Division)
Facut! o" #ivi $ Environmenta En%ineerin%&Universiti Tun 'ussein nn Maa!sia& *+,, -atu ahat&
/ohor& MA0AYS1A.hone 2 3*,4+5646*67 3*,894564+,7 Fa: 2
3*,4+564,*,E;mai 2 efendi<uthm.edu.m!
=e>2 htt?2@@."Bass.uthm.edu.m!@
7/23/2019 GEOMATIC - Traverse Survey
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/geomatic-traverse-survey 2/56
www.uthm.edu.my
With Wisdom, We Explore
VERV1E=
• Learning outcomes
– By the end of this topic you should be to:
• Outline the basic components of a TotalStation,
• Carry out temporary adjustments of a TS,
• Compute and adjust a TS traerse,
• Compute coordinates for traersing, and
• !etermine the nature of errors a"ecting thetraerse #or$%
7/23/2019 GEOMATIC - Traverse Survey
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/geomatic-traverse-survey 3/56
www.uthm.edu.my
With Wisdom, We Explore
1CTRDU#T1C
• Traersing is a form of a control surey thatre&uires the establishment of a series ofstations that are lin$ed together by angles anddistances%
• The angles and distances are measured by Total Station%
• The use of traersing sureys is eryfundamental and has become one of the mostcommon methods in geomatic engineering#or$ such as:
7/23/2019 GEOMATIC - Traverse Survey
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/geomatic-traverse-survey 4/56
www.uthm.edu.my
With Wisdom, We Explore
1CTRDU#T1C
– 'eneral purpose angle measurement,
– (roision of control sureys,
– Contour and detail mapping, and– Setting out and construction #or$%
• This topic #ill describe:)
– The construction and use of the TotalStation in traersing,
7/23/2019 GEOMATIC - Traverse Survey
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/geomatic-traverse-survey 5/56
www.uthm.edu.my
With Wisdom, We Explore
1CTRDU#T1C
– The traerse design and the proceduresof computing and adjusting a traerse,
– The application of coordinates for point#ill also be coered in this topic #hich#ill be ery useful in Ciil *ngineeringproject%
7/23/2019 GEOMATIC - Traverse Survey
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/geomatic-traverse-survey 6/56
www.uthm.edu.my
With Wisdom, We Explore
• + total station is an electronicopticalinstrument used in modern sureying%
• The total station is an electronic theodoliteintegrated #ith an electronic distancemeter -*!./ to read distances from theinstrument to a particular point%
• + theodolite is an instrument for measuringboth hori0ontal and ertical angles% 1t is $eytool in sureying and engineering #or$%
TTA0 STAT1CR1C#10ES $ A0
7/23/2019 GEOMATIC - Traverse Survey
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/geomatic-traverse-survey 7/56
www.uthm.edu.my
With Wisdom, We Explore
TTA0 STAT1CR1C#10ES $ A0
• 2ertical angles are re&uired for thecalculation of eleation of points for
e3ample the reduction of slopedistance to the hori0ontal%
• 4ori0ontal angles are re&uired to
obtain the relatie direction to asurey control station or points ofdetail%
7/23/2019 GEOMATIC - Traverse Survey
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/geomatic-traverse-survey 8/56
www.uthm.edu.my
With Wisdom, We Explore
• Construction of a Total Station
– +ll total station hae the same commonfeatures #hich is can be described asfollo#s%
TTA0 STAT1CR1C#10ES $ A0
7/23/2019 GEOMATIC - Traverse Survey
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/geomatic-traverse-survey 9/56
www.uthm.edu.my
With Wisdom, We Explore
Tem?orar! Adustment o" TotaStation
• The temporary adjustments are steps thatmust be carried out eery time a total stationused%
• 1t is a procedure of setting up a theodolite
that inoles the follo#ing process– Centering
– Leeling, and
– 5emoing paralla3%
TTA0 STAT1CR1C#10ES $ A0
7/23/2019 GEOMATIC - Traverse Survey
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/geomatic-traverse-survey 10/56
www.uthm.edu.my
With Wisdom, We Explore
(a) #enterin% the tota station
• The instrument must be ertically aboe
the surey station to ensure thathori0ontal angle obseration are correct%
• The steps are as follo#:– Start #ith a optical plummet to get it
appro3imately right aboe the surey station%– 6sing the foot scre#s, moe the optical
plummet cross hairs on the surey station%
TTA0 STAT1CR1C#10ES $ A0
7/23/2019 GEOMATIC - Traverse Survey
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/geomatic-traverse-survey 11/56
www.uthm.edu.my
With Wisdom, We Explore
(a) #enterin% the tota
stationcont.
–5oughly leel theinstrument using legs ofthe tripod – the total stationshould stay almost ontarget%
– Leel #ith foot scre#s%.oe instrument aboetarget7 repeat leel andmoe until done%
TTA0 STAT1CR1C#10ES $ A0
7/23/2019 GEOMATIC - Traverse Survey
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/geomatic-traverse-survey 12/56
www.uthm.edu.my
With Wisdom, We Explore
(>) 0evein% the Tota Station– Turn bubble parallel to t#o foot scre#s +
and B, to bring the hori0ontal bubble tothe centre%
– Turn the instrument through 89 andbring the bubble to the centre by
adjusting the third foot scre# C only%– Turn the instrument through a further 89to chec$ the adjustment of the platebubble%
TTA0 STAT1CR1C#10ES $ A0
7/23/2019 GEOMATIC - Traverse Survey
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/geomatic-traverse-survey 13/56
www.uthm.edu.my
With Wisdom, We Explore
(>) 0evein% the Tota Station cont.
– 1f the bubble remains in centre, then it isadjusted%
– 1f not, repeat the #hole procedure%
TTA0 STAT1CR1C#10ES $ A0
7/23/2019 GEOMATIC - Traverse Survey
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/geomatic-traverse-survey 14/56
www.uthm.edu.my
With Wisdom, We Explore
ermanent Adustment o" TotaStation
– These adjustment are carried out onceand #ill not alter unless it is beingroughly handled or tampered #ith%
– There are certain basic re&uirements for a
total station that must be establishedparticularly #hen using it%
– The basic re&uirements re as follo#s:
TTA0 STAT1CR1C#10ES $ A0
7/23/2019 GEOMATIC - Traverse Survey
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/geomatic-traverse-survey 15/56
www.uthm.edu.my
With Wisdom, We Explore
– The ertical a3is of a total station should be trulyertical,
– The line of sight should be perpendicular to the
hori0ontal a3is,– The hori0ontal a3is should be truly hori0ontal,
– The cross hair should be truly ertical andhori0ontal, and
– The ertical circle should be at 0ero #hen the lineof sight is hori0ontal%
;; The steps in carrying out the adjustments shouldbe handled by the &uali<ed person at thelaboratory ;;
TTA0 STAT1CR1C#10ES $ A0
7/23/2019 GEOMATIC - Traverse Survey
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/geomatic-traverse-survey 16/56
www.uthm.edu.my
With Wisdom, We Explore
ACG0EMEASUREMECT
'orionta An%e Measurement
• The concept of measuring the
hori0ontal and ertical angle issimple%
• The follo#ing procedures should be
used to measure the hori0ontalangles bet#een three stations +, B,and C
7/23/2019 GEOMATIC - Traverse Survey
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/geomatic-traverse-survey 17/56
www.uthm.edu.my
With Wisdom, We Explore
• Setup the total stationon station B% the totalstation instrument
has t#o faces7 =Facee"t> ? =Face ri%ht>%
• Starting from the faceleft, the telescope is
pointed at station +% The hori0ontalreading is then noted,i%e% @A999
ACG0EMEASUREMECT
7/23/2019 GEOMATIC - Traverse Survey
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/geomatic-traverse-survey 18/56
www.uthm.edu.my
With Wisdom, We Explore
• The instrument is thenturned in a cloc$#isedirection to point at
station C% +gain thehori0ontal reading isnoted, i%e% DEAA999
• The hori0ontal angle α
can be calculated, by<nding the di"erencebet#een the t#ohori0ontal reading%
ACG0EMEASUREMECT
i.e., C – A = 145°50’00’ – 25o30’00’
α = 120°20’00’
7/23/2019 GEOMATIC - Traverse Survey
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/geomatic-traverse-survey 19/56
www.uthm.edu.my
With Wisdom, We Explore
• Change the face of thetotal station% Fhilstpointing at station C the
hori0ontal reading isagain recorded, i%e%@AA999
• Turn the instrument in a
cloc$#ise manner andpoint at station +%5ecord the hori0ontalreading, i%e% @9A999%
ACG0EMEASUREMECT
i.e., C – A = 325°50’00’ – 205°30’00’
α = 120°20’00’
7/23/2019 GEOMATIC - Traverse Survey
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/geomatic-traverse-survey 20/56
www.uthm.edu.my
With Wisdom, We Explore
Gote that changing the face #illchange the reading by 8,% This
%ives a checB on the o>servationsand ensures that readin% errorscan >e eiminated% $% there is a!reat di&ere"ce i" two readi"!s,the o'servatio"s are repeatedu"til readi"!s a!ree.
ACG0EMEASUREMECT
7/23/2019 GEOMATIC - Traverse Survey
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/geomatic-traverse-survey 21/56
www.uthm.edu.my
With Wisdom, We Explore
Vertica An%e Measurement
• + ertical angle is the angle
measured ertically from a hori0ontalplane of reference%
– Fhen the telescope is pointed in the
hori0ontal plane -leel/, the reading ofthe ertical angle is 0ero -9/%
ACG0EMEASUREMECT
7/23/2019 GEOMATIC - Traverse Survey
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/geomatic-traverse-survey 22/56
www.uthm.edu.my
With Wisdom, We Explore
• Fhen the telescope ispointed up, then theertical angle increasesfrom 0ero and thereading is a positie-He/ ertical angle% The reading increasefrom 9 to H89 #henthe telescope is pointedstraight up%
ACG0EMEASUREMECT
7/23/2019 GEOMATIC - Traverse Survey
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/geomatic-traverse-survey 23/56
www.uthm.edu.my
With Wisdom, We Explore
• 1f the telescope is depressed-pointed do#n/, then theangle reading #ill increase in
numerical alue% Thedepressed telescope readingindicates that it is belo# thehori0ontal plane and thereading is a negatie -)e/
ertical angle% Thesenumerical alue increasefrom 9 to )89 #hen thetelescope is pointed straightdo#n%
ACG0EMEASUREMECT
TRAVERSE $
7/23/2019 GEOMATIC - Traverse Survey
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/geomatic-traverse-survey 24/56
www.uthm.edu.my
With Wisdom, We Explore
TRAVERSE $#RD1CATE
SYSTEMTraverse DeHnition
• + traerse is a series of straight lines that
are used to connect a series of selectedpoints% This selected points are calledtraerse stations #here distance andangle measurements are made% The
relatie positions of the traerse stationsare then computed using somecoordinate systems%
TRAVERSE $
7/23/2019 GEOMATIC - Traverse Survey
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/geomatic-traverse-survey 25/56
www.uthm.edu.my
With Wisdom, We Explore
• Ior a better understanding, thede<nition of traerse surey can be
summari0ed as follo#s7– + measurement of straight lines and thehori0ontal angle from one point toanother using Total Station%
– The sides can be e3pressed as eitherpolar coordinates -β,d/ or as rectangularcoordinates -N, E/%
TRAVERSE $#RD1CATE
SYSTEM
TRAVERSE $
7/23/2019 GEOMATIC - Traverse Survey
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/geomatic-traverse-survey 26/56
www.uthm.edu.my
With Wisdom, We Explore
– + traerse frame#or$ comprising of aseries of connected lines #here thelengths and directions are obsered andmeasured%
– The traerse frame#or$ can be EC or#0SED traerse i%e%, start at $no#n
point and ends at another $no#n pointor the same start point%
TRAVERSE $#RD1CATE
SYSTEM
TRAVERSE $
7/23/2019 GEOMATIC - Traverse Survey
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/geomatic-traverse-survey 27/56
www.uthm.edu.my
With Wisdom, We Explore
T!?e o" Traverses
• Closed Traerse
TRAVERSE $#RD1CATE
SYSTEM
A
H
G
F
ED
C
B
Control station
Traverse station
Closed traverse
(polygon)
TRAVERSE $
7/23/2019 GEOMATIC - Traverse Survey
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/geomatic-traverse-survey 28/56
www.uthm.edu.my
With Wisdom, We Explore
T!?e o" Traverses
• Closed Traerse
TRAVERSE $#RD1CATE
SYSTEM
A
HG
F
ED
CB
Control station
Traverse station
Closed traverse (geometrically open)
TRAVERSE $
7/23/2019 GEOMATIC - Traverse Survey
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/geomatic-traverse-survey 29/56
www.uthm.edu.my
With Wisdom, We Explore
T!?e o" Traverses
• Open Traerse
TRAVERSE $#RD1CATE
SYSTEMControl station
Traverse station
AH
G
F
ED
CB
Open traverse
TRAVERSE $
7/23/2019 GEOMATIC - Traverse Survey
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/geomatic-traverse-survey 30/56
www.uthm.edu.my
With Wisdom, We Explore
#oordinates S!stem
• (oints on the surface of the earth or on a
plan can be accurately positioned byta$ing measurements to a $no#n, stablepoint of reference%
• +ssume that the a3es of the graph arereferred to as Gorth, South, *ast and Festas sho#n in Iigure%
TRAVERSE $#RD1CATE
SYSTEM
TRAVERSE $
7/23/2019 GEOMATIC - Traverse Survey
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/geomatic-traverse-survey 31/56
www.uthm.edu.my
With Wisdom, We Explore
• 1n aboe Iigure, (oint + is at -D,@/ and (oint B is at -8,A/%
• The referencing used that the 3)a3is is $no#n as EAST1CGS and the y)a3is is $no#n as CRT'1CGS%
TRAVERSE $#RD1CATE
SYSTEM
TRAVERSE $
7/23/2019 GEOMATIC - Traverse Survey
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/geomatic-traverse-survey 32/56
www.uthm.edu.my
With Wisdom, We Explore
• There are t#o methods of referringthe point7
– 5ectangular coordinates, or– (olar coordinates
TRAVERSE $#RD1CATE
SYSTEM
TRAVERSE $
7/23/2019 GEOMATIC - Traverse Survey
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/geomatic-traverse-survey 33/56
www.uthm.edu.my
With Wisdom, We Explore
Rectan%uar #oordinates (Grid)
• 5ectangular coordinates are a
system of locating points by meansof the measurement of t#operpendicular distances from the
principal a3es to that point% Theset#o perpendicular distances are theeasting and northing
TRAVERSE $#RD1CATE
SYSTEM
TRAVERSE $
7/23/2019 GEOMATIC - Traverse Survey
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/geomatic-traverse-survey 34/56
www.uthm.edu.my
With Wisdom, We Explore
Rectan%uar #oordinates
TRAVERSE $#RD1CATE
SYSTEM
(oint +
(oint B
Corth
East*+
G+
-*+,G+/
∆*J*B)*+
*
B
G
B
-*B,G
B/
∆GJGB)G+
TRAVERSE $
7/23/2019 GEOMATIC - Traverse Survey
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/geomatic-traverse-survey 35/56
www.uthm.edu.my
With Wisdom, We Explore
oar #oordinates
• 1f 5 is the origin and ( is
the reference object, thepoint ( can be located byits polar coordinates ofangle and distance i%e% θ
and !, #here ! is thedistance from the originand θ is a cloc$#iseangle bet#een 5 and (%
TRAVERSE $#RD1CATE
SYSTEM
Northing
R
P
D
TRAVERSE $
7/23/2019 GEOMATIC - Traverse Survey
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/geomatic-traverse-survey 36/56
www.uthm.edu.my
With Wisdom, We Explore
oar #oordinates
TRAVERSE $#RD1CATE
SYSTEMCorth
East
(oint +
(oint B
β d
β K whole-circle bearingd K distance
TRAVERSE $
7/23/2019 GEOMATIC - Traverse Survey
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/geomatic-traverse-survey 37/56
www.uthm.edu.my
With Wisdom, We Explore
#oordinate #onversions
TRAVERSE $#RD1CATE
SYSTEM
@@
D
G*d
G
*
tan
∆+∆=
∆∆
=β −
β=∆
β=∆
cosdG
sind*
Rectan%uar to ?oar oar to rectan%uar
d
β
∆*
∆Gd
β
∆*
∆G
TRAVERSE $
7/23/2019 GEOMATIC - Traverse Survey
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/geomatic-traverse-survey 38/56
www.uthm.edu.my
With Wisdom, We Explore
Corthin%
• There are three -/ referencedirections -or datum meridian/ thatare used as traerse reference #eshould be associated #ith% They are:
– .agnetic Gorth,
– 'rid Gorth, and
– True Gorth
TRAVERSE $#RD1CATE
SYSTEM
TRAVERSE $
7/23/2019 GEOMATIC - Traverse Survey
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/geomatic-traverse-survey 39/56
www.uthm.edu.my
With Wisdom, We Explore
Meridian
• + meridia" -or li"e o% lo"!itude/ isan imaginary arc on the *arthssurface from the Gorth (ole to theSouth (ole that connects all locations
running along it #ith a gienlongitude%
TRAVERSE $#RD1CATE
SYSTEM
TRAVERSE $
7/23/2019 GEOMATIC - Traverse Survey
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/geomatic-traverse-survey 40/56
www.uthm.edu.my
With Wisdom, We Explore
Meridian
• The meridian that
passes through'reen#ich, *nglandestablishes themeaning of 0erodegrees of longitude,or the (rime .eridian
TRAVERSE $#RD1CATE
SYSTEM
TRAVERSE $
7/23/2019 GEOMATIC - Traverse Survey
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/geomatic-traverse-survey 41/56
www.uthm.edu.my
With Wisdom, We Explore
-earin% #acuation
• There are t#o types of bearing thatare commonly used in geomaticengineering are:
– Fhole Circle Bearings -FCB/, and
– uadrant Bearings -B/ or 5educedBearing -5B/%
TRAVERSE $#RD1CATE
SYSTEM
TRAVERSE $
7/23/2019 GEOMATIC - Traverse Survey
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/geomatic-traverse-survey 42/56
www.uthm.edu.my
With Wisdom, We Explore
=hoe #irce -earin%
• The Fhole Circle Bearing
-FCB/ of a line +B is de<nedas the cloc$#ise angle from 9to M9 at + bet#een thedirection to Gorth and thedirection to B%
• This is the standard #ay ofde<ning a bearing in sureying
Bearing of +B J θ ? B+ J α
TRAVERSE $#RD1CATE
SYSTEM
TRAVERSE $
7/23/2019 GEOMATIC - Traverse Survey
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/geomatic-traverse-survey 43/56
www.uthm.edu.my
With Wisdom, We Explore
=hoe #irce -earin%
TRAVERSE $#RD1CATE
SYSTEM'eari"!'eari"
!
TRAVERSE $
7/23/2019 GEOMATIC - Traverse Survey
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/geomatic-traverse-survey 44/56
www.uthm.edu.my
With Wisdom, We Explore
Iuadrant -earin%
• + &uadrant bearing can
be de<ned as the anglelying bet#een 9 and 89,bet#een the direction tothe north or south andthe direction of the line%
• *ast and Fest directionsare neer used asreference lines%
TRAVERSE $#RD1CATE
SYSTEM
TRAVERSE $
7/23/2019 GEOMATIC - Traverse Survey
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/geomatic-traverse-survey 45/56
www.uthm.edu.my
With Wisdom, We Explore
Iuadrant -earin%
TRAVERSE $#RD1CATE
SYSTEM
TRAVERSE $
7/23/2019 GEOMATIC - Traverse Survey
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/geomatic-traverse-survey 46/56
www.uthm.edu.my
With Wisdom, We Explore
=#- $ I-
TRAVERSE $#RD1CATE
SYSTEMBearing are measuredcloc$#ise from GO5T4and must lie in the rang
9o ≤ β ≤ M9
o
Gorth
9o
*ast
89o
South
DN9
o
Fest
@9o
Dst &uadrant
@nd &uadrantrd &uadrant
Eth &uadrant
TRAVERSE $
7/23/2019 GEOMATIC - Traverse Survey
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/geomatic-traverse-survey 47/56
www.uthm.edu.my
With Wisdom, We Explore
An%uar >servation and -ooBin%
• T#o most common methods in
ma$ing angular obseration in totalstation traersing are:
– 1nternal angle method, and
– Bearing method -commonly used in totalstation traersing/
TRAVERSE $#RD1CATE
SYSTEM
TRAVERSE $
7/23/2019 GEOMATIC - Traverse Survey
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/geomatic-traverse-survey 48/56
www.uthm.edu.my
With Wisdom, We Explore
The -earin% Method
• The procedure and boo$ings to be follo#edare as follo#s P5efer to IigureQ:– 1nstrument is set up at station B and station + is
sighted in face left% + $no#n bearing i%e%EA@9@9> is set on station +%
– Station C is sighted and the reading is recorded%
– The telescope is then transit to change to theface right%
– Fith the face right setting, bearing to C and +are recorded%
TRAVERSE $#RD1CATE
SYSTEM
TRAVERSE $
7/23/2019 GEOMATIC - Traverse Survey
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/geomatic-traverse-survey 49/56
www.uthm.edu.my
With Wisdom, We Explore
TRAVERSE $#RD1CATE
SYSTEMFrom To
Station Station Face Left Face Right Mean
A 0°00'00" 180°00'00"
B 30°!'30"
30°!'0" 10°!'#0"
Ior improed precision the angle measurementcan be repeated any number of times%
The number of face left obserations must be*&ual the number of face right obserations%
01CEAR
7/23/2019 GEOMATIC - Traverse Survey
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/geomatic-traverse-survey 50/56
www.uthm.edu.my
With Wisdom, We Explore
01CEARMEASUREMECT
• The procedure of linear measurement is as follo#s:
• Tripod #ith prism targets is set up at Station + and C%
• Total station is set up on station B% Linear measurement
or distance to B+ and BC are ta$en and recorded%• Bearing to B+ and BC are ta$en on face left and
recorded%
TRAVERSE $
7/23/2019 GEOMATIC - Traverse Survey
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/geomatic-traverse-survey 51/56
www.uthm.edu.my
With Wisdom, We Explore
#asses o" Traverses
o 'enerally, %our classes7
o Standard traerse,o Iist class traerse,
o Seco"d class traverse, and
o Third class traerseWhy divided by four classes
TRAVERSE $#RD1CATE
SYSTEM
TRAVERSE $
7/23/2019 GEOMATIC - Traverse Survey
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/geomatic-traverse-survey 52/56
www.uthm.edu.my
With Wisdom, We Explore
#asses o" Traverses
o .ain characteristics di"er
o (recision,o Bearing closure
o .easured distance,
o Obsered bearing, ando !e<nite bearing
TRAVERSE $#RD1CATE
SYSTEM
7/23/2019 GEOMATIC - Traverse Survey
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/geomatic-traverse-survey 53/56
www.uthm.edu.my
With Wisdom, We Explore
EJER#1SE 8
• *3plain in detail ho# to set up a totalstation oer a station mar$%
• !escribe in detail the <e permanenttotal station adjustments that shouldbe tested from time to time%
7/23/2019 GEOMATIC - Traverse Survey
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/geomatic-traverse-survey 54/56
www.uthm.edu.my
With Wisdom, We Explore
EJER#1SE K
• The hori0ontal angles read at station + andstation C are 999> and DEA@999>respectiely% 1f the total station is set up atstation B% Fhat #ill be the internal angle +BCR
• 1f the face left reading of the hori0ontal angleis @@A@999>, #hat is the most probablereading that you #ill obtain if the total stationis transit and read in the face rightR
• The ertical angle reading of a total station isD9A9 indicating that it is aboe thehori0ontal plane% Fhat #ill be the true erticalangleR
7/23/2019 GEOMATIC - Traverse Survey
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/geomatic-traverse-survey 55/56
www.uthm.edu.my
With Wisdom, We Explore
EJER#1SE 6
• Fhat are the characteristics of atraerseR
• *3plain the signi<cant di"erencebet#een the methods of coordinatereferencing in traerseR
7/23/2019 GEOMATIC - Traverse Survey
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/geomatic-traverse-survey 56/56
www.uthm.edu.my
EJER#1SE +
• Game the IO65 &uadrant bearingsby referring to the Gorth and South
directions%• The #hole circle bearing -FCB/ of a
traerse line is DDA9% Fhat #ill be
the alue if it is described in&uadrant bearingR