Geology and Remote Sensing of Mt. Pinatubo & Taal Volcanoes, the Philippines Peter Mouginis-Mark...
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![Page 1: Geology and Remote Sensing of Mt. Pinatubo & Taal Volcanoes, the Philippines Peter Mouginis-Mark University of Hawaii pmm@pgd.hawaii.edu Work funded by.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649dd15503460f94ac784e/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Geology and Remote Sensing ofMt. Pinatubo & Taal Volcanoes,
the Philippines
Peter Mouginis-MarkUniversity of Hawaii [email protected]
Work funded by NASA’s
Solid Earth and Natural Hazards Program
![Page 2: Geology and Remote Sensing of Mt. Pinatubo & Taal Volcanoes, the Philippines Peter Mouginis-Mark University of Hawaii pmm@pgd.hawaii.edu Work funded by.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649dd15503460f94ac784e/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
LOCATION OF VOLCANOESIN THE PHILIPPINES
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![Page 4: Geology and Remote Sensing of Mt. Pinatubo & Taal Volcanoes, the Philippines Peter Mouginis-Mark University of Hawaii pmm@pgd.hawaii.edu Work funded by.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649dd15503460f94ac784e/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Landsat 7 coverage(obtained over 3 different days)
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Mt. PINATUBO ERUPTIONSJune 1991
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Prior to eruption
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Fumaroles on flanks, April 1991
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June 12th, 1991 eruption
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Giant pyroclastic flows, June 15th 1991form off of collapsing eruption column
![Page 10: Geology and Remote Sensing of Mt. Pinatubo & Taal Volcanoes, the Philippines Peter Mouginis-Mark University of Hawaii pmm@pgd.hawaii.edu Work funded by.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649dd15503460f94ac784e/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
The view from space via theJapanese GMS-5 geostationary satellite
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Early effects on the ground
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Sediment-laden rivers destroy roads & bridges
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Major landscape changes: Pyroclastic flows in-filled pre-existing river valleys (the peaks
in two views below are the same feature)
![Page 14: Geology and Remote Sensing of Mt. Pinatubo & Taal Volcanoes, the Philippines Peter Mouginis-Mark University of Hawaii pmm@pgd.hawaii.edu Work funded by.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649dd15503460f94ac784e/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
AIR PHOTOS
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Summit caldera of Mt. Pinatubo, Nov. 1999.The low-point in the rim is a future hazard
as the lake will eventually over-top here.
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Typical view of eastern flank, Nov. 1999
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Erosion of ignimbrite fan onNW. flank, November 1999
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Erosion of river valley on thenorthern flank, Nov. 1999
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Sediment fills valley floor downslope on lower E. flank November 1999
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Detail of lahar-filled valleyE. flank, Nov. 1999
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GROUND PHOTOS
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Exploring eroded valley, SW flankNov. 1999
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Crossing the sediment-laden streams is a real challenge! So much sediment is in these
streams that they easily knock you over.
![Page 24: Geology and Remote Sensing of Mt. Pinatubo & Taal Volcanoes, the Philippines Peter Mouginis-Mark University of Hawaii pmm@pgd.hawaii.edu Work funded by.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649dd15503460f94ac784e/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Valley erosion can be extreme in places:Up to 20 m down-cutting during one
typhoon! This mosaic shows the remains of the 1991 deposit (white unit) that has been
cut by younger flash floods
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Erosion within the 1991 deposit
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Erosion of 1991 deposit
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Amazinglandscapes!
![Page 28: Geology and Remote Sensing of Mt. Pinatubo & Taal Volcanoes, the Philippines Peter Mouginis-Mark University of Hawaii pmm@pgd.hawaii.edu Work funded by.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649dd15503460f94ac784e/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Vegetation is starting to grow back on westernfan. Summit of Mt. Pinatubo in background
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“LAHARS” (MUDFLOWS) AND
THE RESULTANT DAMAGE
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Major changes in valley floor elevation aftersingle lahar has formed after typhoon.
![Page 31: Geology and Remote Sensing of Mt. Pinatubo & Taal Volcanoes, the Philippines Peter Mouginis-Mark University of Hawaii pmm@pgd.hawaii.edu Work funded by.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649dd15503460f94ac784e/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
The impact on villages within the path of a lahar can be extreme
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While old houses are buried, new homesare built on stilts to try to avoid the next lahar
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An old church has been partially-buried sothat you now enter on the 2nd floor. RonnieTorres shows the church prior to the lahars.
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Giant dikes made from old lahar and covered withconcrete now try to protect areas from new lahars
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The contrast between areas protected by thedikes and unprotected is striking -- and it’s
all an issue of insurance for redevelopment!
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Some homes, once buried by lahar, andnow being exposed by recent erosion
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REMOTE SENSINGDATA
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Landsat 7Path 116Row 50
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RADARSAT radar backscatter imageof Mt. Pinatubo, February 1998
![Page 40: Geology and Remote Sensing of Mt. Pinatubo & Taal Volcanoes, the Philippines Peter Mouginis-Mark University of Hawaii pmm@pgd.hawaii.edu Work funded by.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649dd15503460f94ac784e/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
SPOT image of Mt. Pinatubo December 1991
![Page 41: Geology and Remote Sensing of Mt. Pinatubo & Taal Volcanoes, the Philippines Peter Mouginis-Mark University of Hawaii pmm@pgd.hawaii.edu Work funded by.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649dd15503460f94ac784e/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
RADARSAT radar backscatter image of western fan of Mt. Pinatubo
![Page 42: Geology and Remote Sensing of Mt. Pinatubo & Taal Volcanoes, the Philippines Peter Mouginis-Mark University of Hawaii pmm@pgd.hawaii.edu Work funded by.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649dd15503460f94ac784e/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Clark Air Base: RADARSAT standard beam data set (25 m/pixel)
![Page 43: Geology and Remote Sensing of Mt. Pinatubo & Taal Volcanoes, the Philippines Peter Mouginis-Mark University of Hawaii pmm@pgd.hawaii.edu Work funded by.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649dd15503460f94ac784e/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
SPOT data of Mt. Pinatubo summit area soon after the eruption
![Page 44: Geology and Remote Sensing of Mt. Pinatubo & Taal Volcanoes, the Philippines Peter Mouginis-Mark University of Hawaii pmm@pgd.hawaii.edu Work funded by.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649dd15503460f94ac784e/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
Comparison of NW Summitfrom SPOT dataobtained between1991 and 1998
Red showsvegetation,the ash depositsare light blue
Summit is atlower right
![Page 45: Geology and Remote Sensing of Mt. Pinatubo & Taal Volcanoes, the Philippines Peter Mouginis-Mark University of Hawaii pmm@pgd.hawaii.edu Work funded by.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649dd15503460f94ac784e/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
Changes in Mt. Pinatubo lahar deposits. Lower Pasig-Potrero River 1991 - 1996
![Page 46: Geology and Remote Sensing of Mt. Pinatubo & Taal Volcanoes, the Philippines Peter Mouginis-Mark University of Hawaii pmm@pgd.hawaii.edu Work funded by.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649dd15503460f94ac784e/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
ERS-1 radar backscatter image ofPasig-Potrero River showing
low-backscatter lahar deposits
![Page 47: Geology and Remote Sensing of Mt. Pinatubo & Taal Volcanoes, the Philippines Peter Mouginis-Mark University of Hawaii pmm@pgd.hawaii.edu Work funded by.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649dd15503460f94ac784e/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
Shaded relief image of lahar fans SE ofMt. Pinatubo summit from NASA TOPSAR topographic data
![Page 48: Geology and Remote Sensing of Mt. Pinatubo & Taal Volcanoes, the Philippines Peter Mouginis-Mark University of Hawaii pmm@pgd.hawaii.edu Work funded by.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649dd15503460f94ac784e/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
Nighttime Landsat 7 thermal dataof Mt. Pinatubo shows warm streams
![Page 49: Geology and Remote Sensing of Mt. Pinatubo & Taal Volcanoes, the Philippines Peter Mouginis-Mark University of Hawaii pmm@pgd.hawaii.edu Work funded by.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649dd15503460f94ac784e/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
TAAL VOLCANO(just south of Manila)
![Page 50: Geology and Remote Sensing of Mt. Pinatubo & Taal Volcanoes, the Philippines Peter Mouginis-Mark University of Hawaii pmm@pgd.hawaii.edu Work funded by.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649dd15503460f94ac784e/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
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RADARSATscansar beam 1(50 m/pixel)image of TaalVolcano andsurroundingarea
![Page 52: Geology and Remote Sensing of Mt. Pinatubo & Taal Volcanoes, the Philippines Peter Mouginis-Mark University of Hawaii pmm@pgd.hawaii.edu Work funded by.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649dd15503460f94ac784e/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
Space Shuttle radar(SIR-C/X-SAR)multi-wavelength(3, 5.6 and 24 cm)image of northernpart of Taal Volcano
![Page 53: Geology and Remote Sensing of Mt. Pinatubo & Taal Volcanoes, the Philippines Peter Mouginis-Mark University of Hawaii pmm@pgd.hawaii.edu Work funded by.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649dd15503460f94ac784e/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
View of Lake Taal and Volcano Island from north rim, Nov. 1999
![Page 54: Geology and Remote Sensing of Mt. Pinatubo & Taal Volcanoes, the Philippines Peter Mouginis-Mark University of Hawaii pmm@pgd.hawaii.edu Work funded by.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649dd15503460f94ac784e/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
NW corner of Lake Taal
![Page 55: Geology and Remote Sensing of Mt. Pinatubo & Taal Volcanoes, the Philippines Peter Mouginis-Mark University of Hawaii pmm@pgd.hawaii.edu Work funded by.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649dd15503460f94ac784e/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
Over 4,000 people live without permission on the shores of Volcano Island
![Page 56: Geology and Remote Sensing of Mt. Pinatubo & Taal Volcanoes, the Philippines Peter Mouginis-Mark University of Hawaii pmm@pgd.hawaii.edu Work funded by.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649dd15503460f94ac784e/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
In the event of an eruption of Taal, all the population would have to
leave Volcano Island via small boats
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View of the volcanic lake in middle of Volcano Island (middle of Lake Taal)
![Page 58: Geology and Remote Sensing of Mt. Pinatubo & Taal Volcanoes, the Philippines Peter Mouginis-Mark University of Hawaii pmm@pgd.hawaii.edu Work funded by.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649dd15503460f94ac784e/html5/thumbnails/58.jpg)
In Fall 1999, this vent on Volcano Island was actively geysering.
It was quiet in November 1999.
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Close-up viewof recently activevent on VolcanoIsland, in themiddle of Taal Volcano
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Even around the rim of Lake Taal, people and their fish farms are at risk from
tsunamis generated by eruptions.