Geological Sequestration of C Carbon Sequestration in Sedimentary Basins Module 4: Sleipner Project...
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Transcript of Geological Sequestration of C Carbon Sequestration in Sedimentary Basins Module 4: Sleipner Project...
Geological Sequestration of C
Carbon SequestrationCarbon Sequestrationin Sedimentary Basinsin Sedimentary Basins
Module 4: Sleipner Module 4: Sleipner ProjectProject
Maurice DusseaultDepartment of Earth Sciences
University of WaterlooMost of these slides are from a presentation by:
Tore A Torp, Dr.ing., Adviser CO2 Storage, StatoilHydro ASA, Norway
Geological Sequestration of C2
Time Magazine,Time Magazine,17. May 200417. May 2004
Sleipner COSleipner CO2 2
injection:injection:
- Decided in 1992- Decided in 1992- In operation since - In operation since 19961996- 1 million tonne - 1 million tonne COCO22/year/year
Tore A Torp
Geological Sequestration of C
North Sea, Sleipner North Sea, Sleipner About 2,800 tonnes of carbon dioxide
are separated daily from Sleipner West's gas production and injected into the Utsira sandstone formation (aquifer), rather than released to the air.
Why? Purely economics from the gov’t…
But… Good Politics as well (Norway, EU, StatoilHydro, joint funding…)
Geological Sequestration of C
SleipnerSleipner
9.5% CO2 in the produced gas They would …
Be penalized a bit by having less pure gas
Have to pipeline it at extra cost So…
It is better to separate on platform And re-inject the CO2 into a shallow
stratum, the Utsira Sandstone
Geological Sequestration of C
Experience with COExperience with CO22 & & InjectionInjectionEnhanced Oil Recovery (Texas, Hungary, Turkey, Brazil, Croatia)
Natural gas cleaning Transport – Pipelines & ShipsNatural gas re-injectionNatural gas underground storageBut, SLEIPNER is the first project to massively inject CO2 without EOR
application - Sequestration
Geological Sequestration of C6
COCO22-tankers, 1500 m-tankers, 1500 m3 3
capacitycapacity
Tore A Torp
Geological Sequestration of C7
Sleipner Facility 2004Sleipner Facility 2004
Tore A Torp
Geological Sequestration of C
Sleipner FacilitySleipner Facility
Geological Sequestration of C
Injection into the Utsira Injection into the Utsira Fmn.Fmn.
CO2 Injection Well in "Utsira"
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Sleipner A
Sleipner T
UtsiraFormation
Heimdal Formation
Sleipner ØstProduction and Injection
Wells
CO2
CO2 Injection Well1000m
2000m
2500m
0
500m
1500m
1000m
0 500m
1500m
Tore A Torp
Geological Sequestration of C
The Utsira FormationThe Utsira Formation
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Tore A Torp
Geological Sequestration of C
The Utsira FormationThe Utsira Formation High porosity sandstone
~30% porosity Permeabilities > 1 D (up to +10 D) H2O saturated, no gas or oil… 200 m thick, with a modest central shale
zone that appears continuous Large volumes available
Regionally continuous 50-60 million m3 capacity per km2
Excellent lateral transmissivity!
Geological Sequestration of C12
StatoilBPExxonMobilTotalNorsk HydroVattenfall
BGSBRGMGEUS
IFPNITG-TNO
SINTEF
IEA Greenhouse Gas R&D ProgrammeSchlumberger ResearchNO, DK, NL, FR & UK Authorities
SALINE AQUIFER CO2 STORAGE PROJECT
Geological Sequestration of C
COCO22 Zone Growth Zone Growth
Geological Sequestration of C14
Time-lapse seismic datasets of CO2 stored in Utsira Time-lapse seismic datasets of CO2 stored in Utsira formationformation
Tore A Torp
Geological Sequestration of C15
1 km
Plume outline June 2006
Plume outline Oct 2001
8,4 million tonnes injected over 10 years Plume area: 2,8 km2 (1,3 km2 in 2001) Plume long axis: 3760 m Maximum distance from injection point:
2560m Maximum speed of front since 2004: 250
m/year, Distance from CO2 to wells:
Exploration well 15/9-13: 430m, decreasing about 12 m/year
D-template: about 2 km straight west of northern plume 15/9-19 wells: about 4,5 km north of plume
3,7
6 k
m
Plume extension & top Utsira time map
saddle
Amplitude maps of the uppermost horizon, in 2001 (left), 2004 (middle) and 2006 (right). Hot colours represent higher amplitudes and thicker CO2 accumulation.
15/9-13
430m
Injection point
Seismic section
COCO22 distribution June 2006 distribution June 2006
Tore A Torp
Geological Sequestration of C16
Simulated picture of the distribution of CO2 after three years.
Radius of largest bubble 800 m and the total plume 200 m high.Ref: SINTEF Petroleum 2001
Tore A Torp
Geological Sequestration of C17
Dissolution of CO2 in the Utsira Brine
Year 2021 Year 2412
Year 2621 Year 5019 Year 7018
Source: Gemini No. 1, 2004 (NTNU and Sintef)
Tore A Torp
Geological Sequestration of C
SACS Project 1998-2002SACS Project 1998-2002
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WHAT WAS ACHIEVED:
• 3D Seismic proven, Gravimetry tested • Reservoir simulation tools partly proven • Geology and Geochemistry of “Utsira” mapped• Reason to expect the CO2 to stay for thousands of years
DOCUMENTATION• “SACS Best Practice Manual, 1.version.”• Download from www.co2store.org, see page “SACS”.
Tore A Torp
Geological Sequestration of C19
Demonstrations of CODemonstrations of CO22 storage storage
SLEIPNER SNØHVIT
WEYBURN
IN SALAH
GORGONK12B Source: IEA GHG
FRIO BRINE
KETZIN
Nagaoka
Geological Sequestration of C20
Sleipner CO2 Sleipner CO2 InjectionInjection
Geological Sequestration of C21
What is keeping the COWhat is keeping the CO22 there? there?
Trapping MechanismsClosure - from day one – faults?Micro-pore trapping - during injection - lasting
Dissolution in water - sinking to the bottom – centuries
Mineral binding - precipitating solids – centuries/millennia
Tore A Torp
Geological Sequestration of C22
Possible Leakage?Possible Leakage?
Leakage paths?WELLS - Corrosion of cement & steelFaults/Cracks – Overpressure criticalUnderground fluid mobility – Site specific
PreventionDetectionRemediation
Tore A Torp
Geological Sequestration of C
Monitoring: Safety Over TIME?Monitoring: Safety Over TIME?Before start: Site selection, Planning and Risk assessment =>licence
During injection: Monitoring – “Watch the barn doors” => report
Closure: Monitoring and long-term risk => agreement
Post-closure: Monitoring gradually less => hand-over Safety against leakage will be better over time!
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Tore A Torp
Geological Sequestration of C
COCO22 Capture and Storage (CCS) Capture and Storage (CCS)
24
Leg 2: COST of Capture Energy use Costs Better technologies
Leg 1: TRUST in Storage Methods from oil and gas industry Geology varies from place to place More demonstrations
Pace: CO2 Transport
• Pipeline
• Ship
Large projects
Tore A Torp
Geological Sequestration of C25
Geological Sequestration of C
Total Lacq Project (~60 MM Total Lacq Project (~60 MM €)€) Gas processing plant Steam needs, to be done with CH4 + O2
This results in almost pure CO2 + H2O So, they plan to inject the CO2 into the
Lacq natural gas reservoir, displace a little bit more gas
150,000 t in 2 yrs, starting in 2008 …the first integrated CO2 capture system
using oxy-fuel combustion combined with storage in a depleted hydrocarbon field.
Geological Sequestration of C
SUMMARY…SUMMARY… First genuine sequestration project High permeability, high porosity
reservoir for the CO2, good seal, etc. Not fully driven by economics (gov’t
subsidy) A model for future sequestration
projects…