GEOLOGICAL MAP DEFINITION AND DESCRIPTION · Geological map is a scale-down interpretation of the...
Transcript of GEOLOGICAL MAP DEFINITION AND DESCRIPTION · Geological map is a scale-down interpretation of the...
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GEOLOGICAL MAP
DEFINITION AND DESCRIPTION
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Geological map is a scale-down interpretation of the structure of selected area of the upper part of the Earth crust usually drawn on the topographic base (sometimes on DEM).
Geological map shows (using various colors and symbols) the rocks and boundary between them that would be seen on the Earth´s surface if the soils were removed.
Geological map – what is it?
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Purpose of geological maps
To explore natural resources (raw material, underground water,water, geothermal eneregy…)
To locate rocks of particular age, lithology, structure …
To reconstruct the geologic history of area
To estimate composition and character of soil
To identified natural hazards
To estimate physical parameters of rocks for engineering geology
To locate places with bedrocks suitable for waste disposal
…
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The geological maps can be used for academic reasons (how our planet and life were formed) but in fact geological maps are essential to economic development not only of individualcountries but whole continents.
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Oldest geological maps are related to mining
Old mines in Nubia (1300 BC)
Map of ore veins in Joachimsthal (1830) Central Europe
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First geological maps could be dated to the end of the 18th century
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Geological maps are usually produced by Governmental institutions
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Map produced on topographic base of state mapserie in defined sheet index
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Special map focused on selected region or topic,not strictly limited to state map serie
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Geologic map is an interpretative (subjective) work
Techniques for map compilation must be defined to compare various geological maps
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Uniform classification of rocks
Uniform classification of tectonic phenomena
Uniform steps of outcrop´s description
Uniform legend…
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Layout of geological maps
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TITLEAuthor(s) Map No me & Na
MAP FRAME AND
GEOLOGICAL MAP ITSELF
LITO
STR
ATIG
RAP
HIC
C
OLU
MN
LEG
END
(KEY
)
GEOLOGICAL CROSS SECTIONSupp
lem
enta
ryin
form
atio
n
Map SheetIndex
ScaleImprint Imprint
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Compiled by: V. ProuzaName(s) of Author(s)
03-413 SemilyNo. and name of map sheet
Geological Map
Czech Geological Survey
Base Geological Map of the Czech Republic 1 : 25, 000
Type of map
Name of map work or set
Name of institution
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Left ImprintQuotation of the map (in international standard)Co-autors (names)Editor in Chief and Technical Editor (name(s))Technical processing (name(s))Aproval (name of responsible person, date)
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Right ImprintInformation about map projection and coordinate systemCopyright for topographic baseCopyright for geological dataName of workplace, year of proccesingNumber of prints
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ScaleGraphic and numeric expression of scale
Information about contour interval
Could be completed by northstar, ussually with combination with magnetic declination
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Local grid
WGS84
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Position of map sheet in State topographic basemap
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Review of Geological Mapping Review of Geological Units Net of faults
Geophysical schemes
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Litostratigraphic column depicts relationships between litostratigraphically defined units exposed on the maps and known from the footwall.
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Legend explains way of graphic representation of geological phenomena depicted on geological map
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Geological cross section interprets geological structure to the depth along the line assigned in the map. It is at the same scale as the map.
Altitude
Borehole
Important topographic points (spot height, rivers…)
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Geological map interprets geological structure of given area of the Earth´s surface and contains:
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Areal distribution of geological bodies and its boundaries
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Course of faults and others tectonic lines on the Earth´s surface
Fault
Reverse fault
Nappe
Inferred fault
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Small scale tectonic elements representing structure of geological units
Bedding
Foliation
Cleavage
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Zones of thermal and hydrotermal alterations
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Existence of important ancient weathering
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Important paleontological findings (localities)
Fossil fauna
MicrofossilFossil vertebrata
Fossil flora
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Important geodynamic phenomena
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Important water and mineral water springs
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Selected recent and historic mines
Abondoned mine
Abondoned quarry
Active quarry
Abandoned sand-pit
Abandoned clay-pit
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Important boreholes and geological localities
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Line of geological cross section
End-points are situated on the map´s rim. Left rim of crossection is situated westerly
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To summarize geological map
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Geological map bears information about
areal distribution of rocks and its boundariestectonicspaleontology hydrotermal processes and weathering
Completed by information about
hydrogeologygeodynamic phenomenaand minig
GEOLOGICAL MAP itself and LEGEND are crucial parts of printed map sheet