Geologic Time

Notes Page 3

Geologic Time

Notes Page 3

Geologic TimeGeologic Time

Fossils can only be found in

rocks.

Fossils can only be found in

rocks.

sedimentarysedimentary

Why is this statement false: “The caveman had

dinosaur for breakfast.”?

Why is this statement false: “The caveman had

dinosaur for breakfast.”? man and

dinosaursnever lived at the same time

man and dinosaurs

never lived at the same time

Relative AgeRelative Age

If a sedimentary rock outcrop has not been overturned, which layer would be the oldest? What is this principle known as?

If a sedimentary rock outcrop has not been overturned, which layer would be the oldest? What is this principle known as?

Principle of SuperpositionPrinciple of

Superposition

oldest rock layers are on bottom

oldest rock layers are on bottom

Using this principle, label the strata below from oldest to youngest.

Using this principle, label the strata below from oldest to youngest.

Faults are always (older, younger)

than the rocks they cut through.

Faults are always (older, younger)

than the rocks they cut through.

Which is older:

F or S

How do you know?

If a geologist finds an igneous sill, how can she determine if the sill is an

intrusion or an extrusion?

If a geologist finds an igneous sill, how can she determine if the sill is an

intrusion or an extrusion?

IntrusionsIntrusions

contact metamorphism on all sidescontact metamorphism on all sides

extrusionsextrusions

no contact metamorphism on topno contact metamorphism on top

Is “H” an intrusion or extrusion?

How can you tell?

Is “H” an intrusion or extrusion?

How can you tell?

H is an intrusion.Contact

metamorphism on top

H is an intrusion.Contact

metamorphism on top

What is an unconformity? What is an unconformity?

a buried erosional surface a buried erosional surface

a part of the rock record

is missing

a part of the rock record

is missing

How does it complicate the relative dating of rock layers?

How does it complicate the relative dating of rock layers?

What processes could lead to an unconformity? What processes could lead to an unconformity?

weathering and erosion weathering and erosion

Using the diagram to the left, identify where the unconformity is located by drawing an arrow and writing the word “unconformity” next to it.

What characteristics must fossils have in order to be

good index fossils?

What characteristics must fossils have in order to be

good index fossils?

lived over a large geographic area (large horizontal distribution)

lived for a short period of time (small vertical distribution)

lived over a large geographic area (large horizontal distribution)

lived for a short period of time (small vertical distribution)

In the diagram below, a geologist has matched up

rock layers based on index fossils. In the diagram below, a geologist has matched up

rock layers based on index fossils. In geology, this is referred

to as CORRELATION In geology, this is referred

to as CORRELATION

EvolutionEvolutionExplain the theory of evolution. Explain the theory of evolution.

organisms adapt to their environment

in order to survive

organisms adapt to their environment

in order to survive

EvolutionEvolutionExplain how the fossil record supports this theoryExplain how the fossil record supports this theory

can see that different organisms have

changed over time

can see that different organisms have

changed over time

Why are radioactive isotopes useful in determining the absolute age of a rock?

their half-lives are constanttheir half-lives are constant

What can be done to change the half-life of a radioactive isotope?

Why is this important?

NOTHING!it is reliable to calculate age

What radioactive isotope could be used to determine the absolute

age of material that was recently living?

carbon-14

What radioactive isotope could be used to determine the absolute

age of material that was recently living?

carbon-14

What is the half life of uranium-238?

4.5 x 109

4,500,000,000

4.5 billion years

choice (c)

If there is a 100g sample of C14, how many grams of C14 would remain after three half-lives?

How long would this take? Show all work.

100g 50g 25g 12.5g

3 half-lives x (5.7 x 103) =1.71 x 104 = 17,100 years