Geography Study of the Earths surface and the process that shapes it, the connection between places, and the complex relationship between people and their environments. Starts with the Solar System Planets orbit around the Sun 1. Mercury 2. Venus 3. Earth 4. Mars 5. Jupiter 6. Saturn 7. Uranus 8. Neptune 9. Pluto Earth is the 3 rd rock from the Sun Earth consists of 7 Continents 7 Continents in size order : 1. Asia 2. Africa 3. North America 4. South America 5. Antarctica 6. Europe 7. Australia Earth consists of 5 Oceans 5 Oceans in size order : 1. Pacific 2. Atlantic 3. Indian 4. Southern 5. Arctic 2 ways to show the Earth in a smaller Scale Globes Most accurate because the Earth is round and so is a Globe. 2 nd way to show the Earth in a smaller scale is Maps are flat and to put the round earth on a flat surface distortion occurs. This means some parts of a Map needs to be shrunk and stretched to fit. 4 Essential parts of a Map 1. Title Name, Date, and description of the Map 4 Essential parts of the Map 2. Key or Legend Shows and explains what symbols mean on a Map. 4 Essential parts of a Map 3. Scale Compares the distance on the Map to the actual distance of the Earth. 4 Essential parts of a Map 4. Compass Rose Displays Direction Cardinal Direction North, South, East, West Intermediate Direction Northwest, Northeast, Southwest, Southeast 2 Types of Maps 1 st Type of Map is a POLITICAL MAP. Every country or state is separated by a different COLOR 2 nd Type of Map is a PHYSICAL MAP. This Maps displays Physical features by color The Earth is broken into HEMISPHERES Equator an imaginary line that separates the Earth into Northern and Southern Hemispheres Prime Meridian is an imaginary line that separates the Earth into Western and Eastern Hemispheres. The other Half of the Prime meridian is the 180 th Meridian International Date Line rest mainly on the 180 th Meridian Other important points on the Earths North and South Poles The Grid System A systematic way of locating a place. Grid System is made up of Latitude and longitude lines. Lines of Latitude are imaginary lines that circle the Earth, measure North and South but run east and west. Latitude Lines are also call Parallels because they never cross or intersect. Longitude Lines are imaginary lines that circle earth. They start from North Pole and meet again at the South Pole. Lines measure East and West but run North and South Longitude lines are also called Meridians Together they set up a graph so one can Chart and Locate Places.