Geography How did the following impact Greece? Sea Mountains Climate Why did the Greeks have so...
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Transcript of Geography How did the following impact Greece? Sea Mountains Climate Why did the Greeks have so...
GeographyHow did the following impact Greece?
Sea Mountains Climate
Why did the Greeks have so many colonies throughout Mediterranean?
Standard WHI.5Students will be able
to demonstrate knowledge of ancient Greece in terms of its impact on Western civilization by: Identifying the social
structure and role of slavery, and comparing the city-states of Athens and Sparta
Evaluating the significance of the Persian wars
Essential QuestionsHow did Sparta
differ from Athens?Why were wars with
Persia important to the development of Greek culture?
Polis750 B.C.E.Fundamental political
unit in Ancient GreeceMade up of a city and
surrounding countryside
Often less than 20,000 residents
Had agora (public center) and acropolis (fortified hill top)
Greek Political StructuresSeveral types of
governments Monarchy• Kings and Queens rule
Aristocracy• Ruled by a small group of
people, usually nobles Oligarchy• Ruled by a few powerful
people, usually wealthy merchants
New kind of Army Iron emerges
Cheaper than bronze, more available
Ordinary citizens could afford weapons
Citizens expected to defend Polis
Emergence of Phalanx
Tyrants seize powerCitizen-soldiers started
to rebelTyrants, powerful
individuals, gained power by appealing to poor
Lived in the Peloponnesus
(southern Greece)
LocationSouthern GreecePeloponnesusGulf of Corinth
Conquerors Conquered neighbors
Messenia 725 B.C.E. Messenians became helots Revolt of helots in 600
B.C.E. forced Spartans to strengthen military
Government and Society Oligarchy – headed by two
kings Council of Elders• Proposed laws to assembly• Made up of 2 kings and 28 citizens
over 60 years old• Ephors- 5 elected officials carried
out laws Led education of youth
Social Structure Diverse social groups Rigid structure
Education Men
Life centered around military training
Age 7- left for barracks Did not encourage arts Stressed duty, strength, discipline• Militaristic and aggressive society
Women Hardy lives Service to Sparta above family Women had more rights than
most areas
Spartans prepared for military life
Every newborn examined, sickly children killed
At age 7 boys went into military training
At age 20 a man could marry, but lived in barracks another 10 years
At age 30, he took his place in the assembly
WomenExpected to produce
healthy, warrior sonsExercised and
strengthened their bodies
Had to obey husband and father
Had right to inherit property
Ran family estates while men were at war
Affairs Isolated itselfLooked down on
trade and wealthForbade travel
Located in Attica Under protection of
Goddess Athena Evolved from
monarchy to aristocracy
“cradle of democracy”
Noble landowners had power
Monarchy Aristocracy Oligarchy Direct Democracy
State ruled by King
State ruled by Nobility
State ruled by a small group of citizens
State ruled by its citizens
Rule is hereditary Rule is hereditary and based on land ownership
Rule is based on wealth
Rule is based on citizenship
Some rulers claim divine right
Social status and wealth support ruler’s authority
Ruling group controls military
Majority rule decides vote
Practiced in Mycenae (1450 B.C.E.)
Practiced in Athens (584 B.C.E.)
Practiced in Sparta (800-600 B.C.E.)
Practiced in Athens (461 B.C.E.)
Stages of evolution in Athenian government Early Athens was ruled by a king Aristocracy took power in 7th
century They owned land and political
power
Tyrants who worked for reform Draco Solon
Origin of democratic principles Direct democracy Public debate Duties of the citizen
LocationLocated on rocky hillEastern Greece
Political DevelopmentPower struggle b/w
rich and poorAvoided civil war with
reformsLed to creation of
democracy Only for free adult males
Life Slaves
1/3 population No political rights
Women No political rights Took care of children
Clashes between aristocrats and common people
Draco 621 B.C.E. Wrote first legal code Contracts/property
ownership Conflicts continued
594 B.C.E. Aristocrats prevented civil
war by electing Solon to head the government
Gave him power to reform law
Political Reforms Outlawed slavery All citizens allowed to
participate in Athenian assembly
Bring charges against wrongdoers
Neglected land reforms Led to fighting Pisistratus 546 B.C.E.
seizes power as a Tyrant
Economic Reforms Encouraged export of
grapes and olives Profitable overseas trade
Pisistratus 546 B.C.E.TyrantProvided funds to help
peasants buy farm equipment Financed reform by a tax
on agricultural productionMassive building
program Gave jobs to poor Earned him support of
poor
Cleisthenes 508 B.C.E. Introduced more
reformsWanted to makes
Athens a full democracy and break up nobility
Increased power of assembly Anyone allowed to
propose lawsCouncil of 500
Proposed laws Counseled the assembly Chosen by lot
Created limited democracy
Only males could participate in AssemblyWomen were “imperfect
beings” without the ability to reason
Wealthy women lived in seclusion in homes and managed household.
Poor women tended sheep, were spinners or weavers.
Girls received no education
Boys attend school if affordable
Studied reading, writing, poetry, and music
Studied public speaking
Received military training
Angry at an insult, sent messengers into Greece asking for gifts of “earth and water”
Most city-states obeyed
Athens and Sparta did not submit
United Greece
500 B.C. Athens was wealthiest city-state and had helped Ionian Greeks rebel against Persia Persians crushed the
rebel cities
Darius wanted to punish the Athenians Sent the Persian army,
landed at Marathon
Persian War united Athens and Sparta against the Persian Empire
Battle at Marathon490 B.C.E.Persian fleet lands with
25,000 menGreek phalanx destroyed
the PersiansAthens was defenselessPheidippides “raced”
back to Athens to warn the city Saved the city
After Darius’ death, his son Xerxes wanted revenge480 B.C. brought a larger
force to Greece Met resistance with a
small force of Spartans at ThermopylaeLed by King LeonidasGreeks divided and weak300 Spartans sacrificed themselves at Battle of Thermopylae
After defeating the Spartans, marched to Athens and burned it to the ground Athenians had already
left
Themistocles had built ships to help defend Greece after Marathon
Greeks lured the Persians ships into the straight of Salamis and tore them to pieces
Battle at Salamisdestroyed the Persian
fleet 1/3 sank
Left Greeks in control of the Aegean Sea
Greeks then marched into Asia Minor and ended the Persian invasionSpartans finally
defeated Persians at Plataea 479 B.C.E.
An Athenian army commander, statesman, and archonDesigned the Piraeus naval
harbor Never popular with fellow
citizens despite being the hero of Battle of Salamis
Ostracized in 470 B.C. and was sentenced to deathCommitted suicide 460
B.C.
Athens emerged most powerful city-state
Organized an alliance with other city-states called the Delian agreement
Athens emerges in a position of strengthAthens was pursuing
aggressive policies against neighboring state
Athens was moving towards democracyPericles will come to
power and take Athens’ into its Golden Age.
Who? The united Greek city-states vs. the Persian Empire. Greece Wins!!!!
When? 499 B.C.E. – 449 B.C.E.
Why? Control of the Aegean and Mediterranean Seas and the economic advantages that go along with controlling the seas.
Major Battles? 2 Major Battles were at Marathon and Salamis. The Greeks defeated the Persians in both.
Results of War Athens emerges as the dominant power in Greece after the formation of the Delian League. The Delian League was an alliance between Athens and other Greek city-states (not Sparta) that made Athens wealthy and powerful.
Standard WHI.5Students will be able
to demonstrate knowledge of ancient Greece in terms of its impact on Western civilization by: Identifying the social
structure and role of slavery, and comparing the city-states of Athens and Sparta
Evaluating the significance of the Persian wars
Essential QuestionsHow did Sparta
differ from Athens?Why were wars with
Persia important to the development of Greek culture?