Geography Climates. Classical India Chapter 3 Hallmarks of Historic India “India” = derived from...
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Transcript of Geography Climates. Classical India Chapter 3 Hallmarks of Historic India “India” = derived from...
Hallmarks of Historic India
“India” = derived from “Indus”1. meaning ‘land of the hIndus’2. Diversity
Many social classes (5 castes divided into 100s of jati)
Source of identity, Most important social unit Many governments (Regional kingdoms more
common than unifying empires) Many gods (millions of Hindu gods, Buddhism, Jainism)
Results of Diversity in Modern India
30 languages with over 1 million speakers
Federalist state with 28 states & 7 territories
Many religions (Hinduism = 80%, Islam = 14%,
Christianity, Sikhism, Buddhism, Jainism, Judaism)
Reason for Diversity?
GeographyGeography Separate
(Himalaya)
yet
Interconnected(Indian Ocean trade, Khyber Pass)
Bellringer
When you entered class today, you were reincarnated.
Using complete sentences, describe what you did yesterday to deserve your new caste.
1000-600 BCE: Epic Age
Brahman influence peaks Mahabhrata, Ramayana, & Upanisads
composed Castes solidified
320-232 BCE: Maurya
Elaborate efforts to centralize power in hands of emperor
Noted ruler: Ashoka Largest territory Bureaucracy overseen by officials directly
appointed by & reporting to emperor Efforts at standardization in justice,
punishment, pay scales Built road system – tree lined, distance
markers
200 BCE – 220 CE:
Regionalism: era b/t Indian Empires Central Asian influence (Kushans)
Age of Paradoxes Intrusion of outside cultures – Greeks & Central
Asian nomads Trade & Art flourishes
Merchant patrons instead of rulers Spread of Indian culture
export of Buddhism along Silk Road, Hinduism to SE Asia
320 – 535: Gupta
Golden Age – but not in policy rather in art, science, & manufacturing
Government – decentralized Feudal–like (local authority, loyalty via
relationships) “King among Kings”
Trade prospers
Bellringer
When you entered class today, you were reincarnated.
Using complete sentences, describe what you did yesterday to deserve your new caste.
Questions: 1. What do you already know about
Hinduism?2. List the kinds qualities that
“good” people can possess.
For example: Strength, etc.
Religion & Culture - Hinduism
No single founder Evolved overtime yielding remarkable
complexity & diversity
330 million different gods, yet monotheistic
Interconnection with caste
Vishnu Shiva
millions of local deities
world of humans:
dharmafulfillment of life
roles karma
death
reincarnation
Brahma
2 of 4
Religion & Culture - Buddhism
Founded by Siddhartha Gautama in 536 BCE in response to Hinduism Questioned fairness of misery believing the
material world caused human suffering Adopted Hindu ideas of mysticism &
reincarnation; Rejected caste, rituals, priests
Buddhism
Four Noble Truths
All life is suffering; Suffering is caused by desire; There can be an end to desire; Follow the eightfold path
Buddhism
Eightfold Path Right understanding Right resolve Right speech Right action Right livelihood Right effort Right contemplation Right meditation
Review Suffering is caused by desire Caste system Society is like a family Harsh rewards & punishments Looks to tradition to solve
problems Advocated Buddhism Focused on practical
technologies Indian empires in chronological
order
Brisk internal trade, more isolated internationally
Advocated Hinduism Reincarnation Short lived empire Ruled through regional
alliances Cultural golden age Stressed duty & social role Chinese dynasties in
chronological order