Geography Chapter 11 & 12 1 Enter room, and take assigned seat quietly. Put your name, date, and...

Geography Chapter 11 & 12

• Enter room, and take assigned seat quietly. Put your name, date, and period on the top right-hand side of a piece of

paper. Do NOT write in red. At the end of the period, turn your paper into tray #1 on your way

out of the room.

•1•11-1.1

Russia is the largest country in the world; one-sixth of earth’s surface.

Landforms: Plains; North European, West Siberian: Mountains Caucasus, Urals:

Plateaus Central Siberian.

Coastlines Pacific. Caspian Blacks Artic Baltic.

Population majority lives in west.

The Ural Mountains separates the Northern European Plain from the West Siberian

Plain.

Russia has few ports because ice-blocked coastline.

Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Georgia located in the Caucasus Mountains.

Steppes are very large plains, mostly used for agriculture and grazing.

The countries of Central Asia named for their largest ethnic group.

The mountains and deserts of central Asia keep Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan isolated from other

countries.

• 11-1.2

High latitudes and arctic winds give northern Russia have such a cold climate.

Tundra is the flat land found in arctic and subarctic regions.

Permafrost ground that is always frozen,

makes it difficult to drill

and build mines this keeps

Russia from obtaining some of its minerals.

Trees do not grow in the far northern

part of Russia because the permafrost

prevents their roots from

pushing deep.

Scientists think climate

change might be causing Siberia’s

permafrost to thaw.

• 11-1.3• ** ***

Russian Energy Resources Coal, Oil, Natural Gas.

Russian Mineral Resources Iron, Aluminum, Gold.

Other Russian Recourses Fish, Forest Products.

Taiga is a forested area south of the tundra.

Russia's hydroelectric plants use water power to generate electricity.

Peat is the name for very old decayed plant material burned as fuel.

Geography

Independent PracticeWrite answers in complete

sentences. If you do not copy last question,

you will receive a zero.

• 1) 11-1.1 As you read 310-311 describe the physical geography of Russia; Write answers in complete sentences.• A. Landforms • B. Bodies of Water • C. Population

• 2) 11-1.2 As you read 312-313 give a summary of about the extreme climates in Russia; Write answers in complete sentences.• A. Temperature • B. Latitudes • D. Moisture Levels

• 3) 11-1.3 As you read 314-315 give details about Russia’s resources: Write answers in complete sentences.• A. Energy • B. Mineral • C. Other.



out of the room.

•2•11-1.4

Scientists are concerned about the possible release of methane into the

atmosphere from Siberia,

it can contribute to global warming, a greenhouse gas scientists suspect is being released from Siberian lakes.

Dry best describes the climate of much of Central Asia. Livestock grazing is the best economic

activity. Islam is the main religion of Central Asia.

11-1.5

The Aral Sea has shrank to a fraction of its former size because of irrigation since 1960.

Kazakhstan built a dam to save the Aral Sea. Central Asian Country Semiarid or Arid (dry) livestock Gazing irrigation

Uzbekistan South Aral Sea is nearly gone. Central Asian Country Semiarid

or Arid (dry) livestock Gazing irrigation

11-2.1

Cimmerians; around 1200BC earliest settlers in region.

Slavs were the ethnic group built

towns in early

Western Russia

Ukraine River.

Varangian Russes Vikings

founded Kiev.

Trade goods and ideas traveled thousands of miles along the Silk Roads.

Genghis Khan began Mongol rule.

The Mongols destroyed the city of Kiev.

Russians called their monarch czar.

Moscow gained

power as Mongol

rule weakened.

Most people in Russia live in Europe.

• 1) 11-1.4 As you read 316-317 give details on the effects on Russia of Global Warming; Write answers in complete sentences. • A. • B. • C. • D.

• 2) 11-1.5 As you read 318-319 compare and contrast Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan; Write answers in complete sentences.• A. Kazakhstan• B. Uzbekistan

• 3) 11-2.1 As you read 320-321 list details and dates of the early history of Russia: Write answers in complete sentences.• A. People • B. Date • C. Contribution



out of the room.

•3•11-2.2

Peter the Great travel to Western

Europe tried to make

Russia more Western.

Catherine the Great

promoted European ideas

and modernization.

European Influences Christianity became the main religion of European Russia in the

900s.European economy, military architecture education.

Asian influences Mongol, Islam.

Eurasian mixer of western and Eastern ethnic group’s languages and religions.

11-2.3

Cold winter is a geographic characteristic of Russia that helped defeat Napoleon.

The Russians adopted the scorched earth policy when Napoleon invaded.

Germany repeated Napoleon’s mistake by invading Russia in winter during World War II.

11-2.4

Ivan the Terrible

tied peasants

to the land

(serfs).

Czar Alexander II free the serfs to work in industry.

Bolsheviks were a political group that began the Russian Revolution.

Because of the Russian Revolution the czar was overthrown, and a communist government was

formed.

The best description of communism is one political party controls the government and economy.

• 1) 11-2.2As you read 322-323 give details of the European and Asian influences on Russia; Write answers in complete sentences. • A European • B. Asian

• 2) 11-2.3 As you read 324-325 compare and contrast Napoleons and Hitler’s invasion of Russia: Write answers in complete sentences.• A. Napoleon• B. Hitler

• 3) 11-2.4 As you read 326-327 summarize serfdom in Russia. Write answers in complete sentences.• A. • B.



out of the room.

•4•11-2.5

Republics came under control of Moscow and the Soviet Union.

Josef Stalin ruled as a

total dictator of the Soviet Union from

1927 to 1953.

The government decided which crops to grow on the collective farms of the Soviet

Union.

Factories were also run collectively. Collectives are planning the future economic

development of the country.

The Cold War was a period of tension and conflict between the Soviet Union and the United States, in which the two nations did

not fight each other directly.

Mikhail Gorbachev tried to reform the Soviet economy and government.

Glasnost was a political reform (encouraged free speech), and perestroika was an

economic reform (focused on restructuring)

The reforms Gorbachev unleashed pent-up emotions about the economy and

government.

The Soviet Union collapse in 1991.

12-1.1

Siberian nomads move from place to place to find food according to the season, 30

different peoples, live in tundra and taiga.

Food, clothing, and shelter are parts of people’s culture does climate affect.

Russian nomads get their food and clothing from the animals they herd (reindeer).

Many of the people in Central Asia are livestock herders (sheep, camels, cattle, horses).

Many herders now live in rural villages in mud brick homes.

Rich soil and moderate climate promotes farming on the steppes.

Peasants farmed lived in small villages later worked for landlords and became serfs.

Russian peasant farmers work for corporations or individuals who own farms today.

12-1.2

The Trans-Siberian Railroad links East Asia to Europe for trade this helps the world economy.

The Trans-Siberian Railroad is the world’s longest railroad (6,000 miles long)

Permafrost and mountains made laying the Trans-Siberian Railroad track so

difficult (25 years to build). Construction began in 1891, completed in 1916.

Thousands of peasants, convicts and soldiers built the Trans-Siberian Railroad

The Trans-Siberian Railroad moved five million people to Siberia,

Two changes the Trans-Siberian Railroad brought to Siberia were many people moved to Siberia;

new towns and cities grew; the area became more industrialized; its raw materials were mined.

The Trans-Siberian Railroad is the world’s longest railroad (6,000 miles long)

Served as a lifeline during WWII

Today electric trains replaced steam.

• 1) 11-2.5 As you read 328-329 give three details of the Soviet Union’s rise and fall; Write answers in complete sentences.• A. Stalin • B. Cold War • C. Gorbachev

• 2) 12-1.1 As you read 334-335 describe the climate and cultures of Russia. Write answers in complete sentences.• A. D. • B. E. • C. F.

• 3) 12-1.2 As you read 336-337 show the sequence that led to the Trans-Siberian Railroad. Write answers in complete sentences. • A. D. • B. E. • C. F.



out of the room.

•5•12-1.3

Peter the Great build St. Petersburg a Port on the

Baltic Sea and used for trade

between Russia and

Europe.

St. Petersburg is known as a cultural center because of its museums, universities, theaters and music.

In 2003, Vladimir Putin want St. Petersburg to become center for world diplomacy.

Vladimir Putin’s goals for St. Petersburg are similar to those of Peter the Great, Putin

wanted the city to be a center for diplomacy and a link to the West, much as Peter the

Great did.

• 12-2.1

The major causes of the Soviet Union’s decline in the 1970s and 1980s was economic problems and shortages

One of Mikhail Gorbachev’s ideas for reform was to reduce government control

of economy (Perestroika and Glasnost).

Gorbachev's new policy of openness result in protests for freedom.

The Soviet Communist attempted a coup against Gorbachev.

The fall of the Berlin Wall made Communists lose control of Eastern Europe.

Mikhail Gorbachev knew he had lost his power so he resign as president of the Soviet Union in

1991.

One cause of the collapse of the Soviet Union was the separate republics wanted independence.

After the Soviet Union’s collapse in 1991, their republics became independent countries.

Economic problems: large gap between rich and poor; increased corruption and

organized crime,

unemployment; ethnic groups still want independence still exist in Russia years after the Soviet Union’s collapse.

Chechnya wants to gain independence from Russia.

• 12-2.2

Russia’s constitution of 1993 set up a federal system.

The Russian Government has 3 branches of government (executive legislative and

judicial).

Everyone 18 and older can vote in Russia

President and State Duma (lower house of legislator) leaders are elected today in Russia, Central government more power than local.

The president (heads executive branch in power 6 years) and appoints prime minister

hold most of the power in Russia today.

The U.S. Congress is most like Russia’s Federal Assembly.

• 1) 12-1.3 As you read 338-339 site details about St Petersburg. Write answers in complete sentences. • A. • B.• C. • D.

• 2) 12-2.1 As you read 340-341 list causes and effects of the collapse of the Soviet Union. Write answers in complete sentences. • A. D. • B. E. • C. F.

• 12-2.2 As you read 342-343 compare and contrast the United States and Russian Governments.



out of the room.

•6•12-2.3

Russia is the largest oil and natural gas exporter in the world, Russia’s greatest sources of wealth

Most of Russia’s oil come from western Siberia.

Oil and gas are also found in the area near the Caspian Sea.

Russia exports natural gas and oil through pipelines.

• 12-2.4

A nuclear reactor exploded at Chernobyl.

Radioactive fallout from Chernobyl still affect the area, because radioactive materials take so long to

disappear.

After the disaster at Chernobyl wind pushed a radioactive cloud to Belarus.

The long-term effects of the Chernobyl disaster and the environment was damaged, and its effects will be felt for years to come;

plants in forests and farms were damaged; animals were harmed; people died; clean-up people are still

sick;

rivers and lakes were contaminated for animals and fish; almost one-quarter of the

area’s land is still contaminated with radiation.

France learn to use more advanced nuclear technology from Chernobyl.

• 1) 12-2.3 As you read 344-345 site details about Russia oil and natural gas. Write answers in complete sentences. • A. • B. • C. • D.

• 2) 12-2.4 As you read 346-347 site details of problems and solutions from the Chernobyl disaster. Write answers in complete sentences. • A. • B. • C. • D.

• MCPSS• Causey Website• Intellectual• Classroom Assignments• Kohutek• Teachers Sections• Power Point Presentation• 7th Grade Civics Chapter

Geography Review

Copy questions and underline answers.

• ___________________ are very large plains. 311

• The _____________________ divide European Russia from Asian Russia. 311

• The mountains and deserts of central Asia keep ___________________ and __________________ isolated from other countries. 311

• The ______________________ separates the Northern European Plain from the West Siberian Plain. 311

• ____________________ is the largest country in the world. 311

• Scientists think ______________________ might be causing Siberia’s permafrost to thaw. 312

• _____________________ is the name for very old decayed plant material burned as fuel. 314

• ______________________ makes it difficult to drill and build mines this keeps Russia from obtaining some of its minerals. 312

• ____________________ is a forested area south of the tundra. 313

•

• Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Georgia located in the ________________________. 311

• The countries of Central Asia named for their largest ____________________. 311

• The ___________________ are mostly used for agriculture and grazing. 311

• _________________ is the flat land found in arctic and subarctic regions. 312

• ___________________ ground that is always frozen. 312

• Russia has few ports because ________________ coastline. 311

• ___________________ and ________________ give northern Russia have such a cold climate. 312

• Trees do not grow in the far northern part of Russia because the __________________ prevents their roots from pushing deep. 312

• Russia's _______________________ plants use water power to generate electricity. 314

• _________________ caused the Aral Sea to shrink. 318

• Moscow gained power as _________________ rule weakened. 321

• The ______________ destroyed the city of Kiev. 320

• The ___________________ has shrunk greatly because of water loss from irrigation. 318

• Russians called their monarch ______________. 321

• Trade goods and ideas traveled thousands of miles along the ____________________. 320

•

• Livestock grazing is the best economic activity suited to the arid regions of ______________________. 318

• The ___________________ has shrank to a fraction of its former size because of irrigation since 1960. 320

• Most people in Russia live in _______________. 322

• _________________ were the ethnic group built towns in early Russia. 320

• Scientists are concerned about the possible release of _______________ into the atmosphere from Siberia because It can contribute to global warming. 317

• ___________________ is the main religion of

Central Asia. 321

• __________ best describes the climate of much of Central Asia. 318

• ___________________ is a greenhouse gas scientists suspect is being released from Siberian lakes. 319

• The best description of __________________ is one political party controls the government and economy. 328

• Because of the _______________________ the czar was overthrown, and a communist government was formed. 326

• A __________________ government was established after the Russian Revolution. 326

• _____________________ ruled as a total dictator of the Soviet Union from 1927 to 1953. 328

• The _____________________ was a period of tension and conflict between the Soviet Union and the United States, in which the two nations did not fight each other directly. 328

• The _______________________ decided which crops to grow on the collective farms of the Soviet Union. 328

• Cold winter is a geographic characteristic of Russia helped defeat _________________. 324

• _____________________ became the main religion of European Russia in the 900s. 322

• ____________________ free the serfs to work in industry. 326

• ___________________ repeated Napoleon’s mistake by invading Russia in winter during World War II. 325

• The _________________ were a political group that began the Russian Revolution. 326

• __________________ tried to make Russia more Western. 322

• The Russians adopted the scorched earth policy when _______________ invaded. 325

• ___________________________ tried to reform the Soviet economy and government. 329• The Soviet Union collapse in _________________. 329• __________________ was a political reform, and ____________________ was an economic reform. 329• The reforms _______________________ unleashed pent-up emotions about the economy and government. 329• Russian _______________ get their food and clothing from the animals they herd. 334 • Food, clothing, and shelter are parts of people’s culture __________________ does affect. 334 • Many of the people in ______________________ are livestock herders. 334 • Rich soil and moderate climate promotes farming on the _________________. 334 • Siberian ______________________ move from place to place to find food according to the season. 334 • Russian _____________________ farmers work for corporations or individuals who own farms today. 334

• ______________________ and ______________________ made laying the Trans-Siberian Railroad track so

difficult. 336 • The __________________________ Railroad is the world’s longest railroad. 336 • It took __________ years to build the Trans-Siberian Railroad. 336 • _________________________ goals for St. Petersburg are similar to those of Peter the Great, Putin wanted the

city to be a center for diplomacy and a link to the West, much as Peter the Great did. 336• Peasants, convicts and soldiers built the _____________________________. 336 • The Trans-Siberian Railroad moved ___________________________ people to Siberia. 336 • The Trans-Siberian Railroad is ____________________ miles long. 336 • Russian train tracks are wider than __________________ and ____________________ tracks. 336 • The Trans-Siberian Railroad links __________________ to ____________________ for trade this helps the world

economy. 336

• _______________________ is known as a cultural center because of its museums, universities, theaters and music. 338

• Peter the Great build St. Petersburg near the __________________ and Europe. 338 • In 2003, _________________ want St. Petersburg to become center for world diplomacy. 338 • The major causes of the Soviet Union’s decline in the 1970s and 1980s was ___________________ and

_________________. 340 • _________________ knew he had lost his power so he resign as president of the Soviet Union in 1991.

340 • _______________ new policy of openness result in protests for freedom. 340 • One of _________________________ ideas for reform was to reduce government control of economy.

340 • __________________ wants to gain independence from Russia. 341 • The fall of the _______________________ made Communists lose control of Eastern Europe. 341

• After the ____________________________ collapse in 1991, their republics became independent

countries. 341• One cause of the collapse of the _______________________ was the separate republics wanted

independence. 341 • __________________ and ______________________ leaders are elected today in Russia. 342 • The _____________________ and ___________________ hold most of the power in Russia today. 342

• The Russian Government has ___________________ of government. 342• Everyone ______________ and older can vote in Russia. 342• Russia’s constitution of 1993 set up a ___________________. 342 • The ____________________ is most like Russia’s Federal Assembly. 342

• Most of Russia’s oil come from _____________________. 344 • Russia export natural gas and oil through _________________. 344• ________ and ________________ are Russia’s greatest sources of wealth. 344

• Oil and gas is found the area near the ____________________ so valuable. 344

• Much of the oil from the _______________________ transported to other

countries by pipelines. 344 • __________________ learn to use more advanced nuclear technology from

Chernobyl. 347 • A nuclear reactor exploded at __________________. 347 • _____________________________ from Chernobyl still affect the area, because

it takes so long to disappear. 347 • After the disaster at Chernobyl wind pushed a radioactive cloud to

_________________________. 347

Geography Chapter 11 & 12 1 Enter room, and take assigned seat quietly. Put your name, date, and...

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