Geography Africa South of the Sahara
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Transcript of Geography Africa South of the Sahara
AFRICA SOUTH OF THE SAHARA
By Jack Garrity
Pages 510-514
Why study Africa’s geography?
Why study African Geography?
It is the second largest continent and has more than ¼ of the world’s fresh water, and makes most of the air we breath.
I has some of the most spectacular geography in the world.
It is has the most animals of any continent.
It supplies diamonds, uranium, and oil to the world.
The Land What physical processes shape the Africa’s
geography?
Landforms Africa south of the Sahara is a region of
step-like plateaus, rising to mountains and slashed in the east by a rift valley, which was formed by shifting tectonic plates.
Landforms Africa is the second biggest continent,
11,677,239 square miles total, 9.5 million below the Sahara.
Landforms The USA area is 3.80 million square miles.
Landforms The USA area is 3.80 million square miles.
The Great Rift Valley Goes from Syria to Mozambique.
The Great Rift Valley
The Great Rift Valley A rift valley is a large depression in the earth surface
made by moving plates.
The Great Rift Valley A rift valley is a large depression in the earth surface
made by moving plates.
The Great Rift Valley Volcanic Mountains
are on its edges.
The Great Rift Valley The most famous and tallest Kilimanjaro
Deep lakes on its west side.
The Great Rift Valley
Lake Taganyika is the longest and deepest lake in the world.
The Great Rift Valley
Lake Taganyika is the longest and 2nd deepest lake in the world.
The Great Rift Valley
418 miles long, 4,820 ft deep
Lake Taganyika is the longest and 2nd deepest lake in the world.
The Great Rift Valley
418 miles long, 4,820 ft deep
300 miles Las Vegas to Huntington Beach California/ Lake Taganyika 118 miles longer.
The Great Rift Valley
Mountains and Plateaus Most of Africa has plateaus that start at
500 feet in the West and rise to 8,000 feet in the east
Mountains and Plateaus Most of Africa has plateaus that start at
500 feet in the West and rise to 8,000 feet in the east
Mountains and Plateaus Most of Africa has plateaus that start at
500 feet in the West and rise to 8,000 feet in the east
Mountains and Plateaus Most of Africa has plateaus that start at
500 feet in the West and rise to 8,000 feet in the east
Mountains and Plateaus The edges end in escarpments within 20
miles of the coasts.
escarpment a long, steep slope, especially one at the
edge of a plateau or separating areas of land at different heights.
escarpa Pendiente o declive pronunciado de un
terreno:para subir esa escarpa se necesita un calzado adecuado.
Plano inclinado que forma la muralla de algunas fortificaciones.
Mountains and Plateaus Rivers crossing these escarpments make
spectacular cataracts.
cataract A large or high waterfall.
Mountains and Plateaus Volcanic mountains dot the Eastern
Highlands.
Mountains and Plateaus
The
Mountains and Plateaus The Ruwenzori Mountains divide Uganda and
the DR of Congo.
Mountains and Plateaus Nicknamed “the mountains of the Moon”
Mountains and Plateaus Nicknamed “the mountains of the Moon”
Mountains and Plateaus The Drakensberg Mountains rise in South
Africa and end in the southern escapement edge of the continent.
Mountains and Plateaus The Drakensberg Mountains rise in South
Africa and end in the southern escapement edge of the continent.
Mountains and Plateaus The Drakensberg Mountains rise in South
Africa and end in the southern escapement edge of the continent.
Water Systems Landforms and physical processes have
influenced the region’s water systems, which include deep lakes, spectacular waterfalls, and great rivers.
Land of Lakes Lake Malawi, like Lake Tanganyika, follow
the Great Rift Valley.
Land of Lakes Lake Malawi, like Lake Tanganyika, follow
the Great Rift Valley.
Land of Lakes Lake Victoria (the source of the White Nile river)
is the largest lake in Africa, second largest in the world.
Land of Lakes Lake Victoria
Land of Lakes What is the largest lake in the world?
Land of Lakes What is the largest lake in the world?
Lake Superior USA
These lakes are important sources of food.
Land of Lakes Lake Chad is shrinking.
Land of Lakes Long periods of drought have made it
smaller.
Land of Lakes The water is evaporated by the hot sun and
seeps into the ground.
Land of Lakes Farmers use too much of its water and
global warming doesn’t help.
Land of Lakes The drought has caused desertification
of the area.
Desertification The land change from livable land to
desert.
la Desertificación consiste en una degradación persistente de los ecosistemas de las tierras secas producida por las variaciones climáticas y la actividad del hombre.
A Human-Made Lake Lake Volta is one of the largest human
made lakes in the world.
A Human-Made Lake Like Lake Mead, it makes electricity . It also
provides water for farmers in Ghana.
River Basins The Niger River (great river) runs for
2,600 miles.
River Basins It splits into a 150 mile delta at Aboh.
Delta A triangle shaped end or mouth of a river.
River Basins The Zambezi River runs 2,200 miles to
the Indian Ocean.
River Basins It has many cataracts or waterfalls.
River Basins The most famous Victoria Falls, which is
355 feet tall.
River Basins
River Basins The Congo River runs 2700 miles, the last
part an estuary 7 miles wide.
Estuary: a place where fresh and salt water meet.
River Basins Boats can use most parts of the Congo.
River Basins Boats can use most parts of the Congo.
River Basins But it does have waterfalls 900 feet tall
not far from the Atlantic Ocean.
Natural Resources Nigeria, Angola, Gaban, Congo and
Cameroon have oil.
Natural Resources South Africa has half the world’s gold and
a lot of uranium.
Natural Resources Diamonds and gems are found
throughout the southern part of the continent.
Climate and Vegetation In many places in Africa south of the Sahara,
water is such a precious resource that rain and life are on and the same.
Tropical Cimates The region’s location near the Equator
influences its climate.
Tropical Wet Warm temperatures with more than 60 inches
of rain a year. Las Vegas receives 4.19 inches of rain a year.
Tropical Wet It rains all year round, sometimes more
sometimes less.
Tropical Wet Shrubs, ferns, and mosses grow from 6-10
feet tall.
Tropical Wet Palms and trees 60 feet tall.
Tropical Wet Palms and trees 60 feet tall.
Tropical Wet Leafy trees up to 150 feet tall.
Tropical Wet Orchids and ferns grow everywhere.
Tropical Wet (Rainforest) HDTV.BBC.Planet.Earth.08of11.Jungles.720p.Xvid.Ac3.www.mvgroup.org.wmv
Tropical Wet Bananas, pineapples, cocoa, tea, coffee,
and cotton grow well.
Tropical Wet Farmers clearing land for those cash
crops threaten the rain forest.
Tropical Dry Tropical grasslands called Savanna cover
almost half of Africa.
Tropical Dry Tropical grasslands called Savanna cover
almost half of Africa.
Tropical Dry The African savanna has a relatively moderate
temperature with it not going over 86° F and not going under 68° F
Tropical Dry Savannas get 35-100 inches of rain a
year
Tropical Dry Savannas have a 6 month rainy season
and 6 months dry season.
During the wet season, May to November, the savanna receives a total of up to 100 inches of rain..
Tropical Dry Cool humid wind blows from the south
west.
Tropical Dry Hot dry winds called harmattan from the
Sahara blow south west.
Tropical Dry Tornados are formed when the two meet
sometimes.
Tropical Dry Tall grasses with some trees cover
Savannah.
Tropical Dry The Serengeti Plain has millions of
animals such as zebras, gazelles, lions, giraffes, and cheetahs.
Tropical Dry (Savannah) Serengeti D:\Vuze Downloads\BBC.Africa.2of6.Savannah.720p.HDTV.x264.AC3.MVGroup.org.mkv
Dry Climates Away from the Equator, tropical climates
fade to semi arid steppe then deserts.
Steppe Between tropical dry and desert climate.
Steppe The northern steppe is called the Sahel.
Steppe The Sahel gests 4-5 inches of rain a year in
June and July, which grows short grasses.
Desertification Over the past 50 years desertification has
dried out the Sahel.
Desertification Global warming and human land use do
not help.
Desertification People cutting down trees and big herds
of livestock help desertification.
Desertification By 2000, African countries joined the
United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification to make laws to protect the environment.
Desert The Namib Desert
Desert The Kalahari desert.
Midlatitude Climates South Africa has a Mediterranean
climate.
Midlatitude Climates Like Morocco, South Africa has a Mediterranean
climate.
Midlatitude Climates Comfortable temperatures all year round.
Midlatitude Climates With enough rainfall for farming.
end