Geographies of diversity in Newham
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Geographies of diversity in Newham OCTOBER 2013 • The ethnic minority population, as measured by non-white residents, increased between 1991 and 2011 by 122,700 in Newham. • Despite this growth, the White British ethnic group, only measured since 2001, remains the largest ethnic group in the borough accounting for 17% of the population. • Indian is the largest ethnic minority group in Newham accounting for 14% of the population. The group is fairly evenly distributed across the borough, but there are clusters in East Ham, Green Street East and Green Street West wards. • The second largest ethnic minority group is African, which grew in Newham by one and three-quarters between 1991 and 2011. The group is evenly distributed across the borough with the greatest clusters in the southwest. • There is evidence of dispersal of ethnic minority groups from areas in which they have previously clustered. • The Indian, African, Other White and Bangladeshi ethnic groups are growing most rapidly in wards where they are least clustered and slower in wards where they are most clustered. • New measures in the 2011 Census show that Newham is not becoming less British, despite its increased ethnic diversity. More people report a British or English national identity than report White British ethnic identity. • Poor English language proficiency is higher in Newham than the national average reflecting a local need for support services. However, only a small minority of residents cannot speak English well even in those areas where the need is greatest. 6% 12% 56% (inlcudes White Other) 34% 17% 13% 12% 14% 6% 13% 12% 4% 9% 12% 6% 8% 10% 3% 6% 8% 7% 5% 7% 9% 1991 2001 2011 White Other* White Brish Indian African Bangladeshi Pakistani Other Asian Caribbean Other Black Others Total populaon – 306,998 Total populaon – 250,397 Total populaon – 216,251 Figure 1. Increased ethnic diversity in Newham, 1991-2011 *White Other includes White Irish in 2001 (3,278 or 1.3%) and White Irish (2,172 or 0.7%) and White Gypsy or Irish Traveller (462 or 0.2%) in 2011. Figures may not add due to rounding. LOCAL DYNAMICS OF DIVERSITY: EVIDENCE FROM THE 2011 CENSUS Prepared by ESRC Centre on Dynamics of Ethnicity (CoDE) Summary 1 www.ethnicity.ac.uk
Transcript of Geographies of diversity in Newham
Geographies of diversity in Newham
OCTOBER 2013
• The ethnic minority population, as measured by non-white residents, increased between 1991 and 2011 by 122,700 in Newham.
•Despitethisgrowth,theWhiteBritishethnicgroup,onlymeasuredsince2001,remainsthelargestethnicgroupintheboroughaccountingfor17%ofthepopulation.
•IndianisthelargestethnicminoritygroupinNewhamaccountingfor14%ofthepopulation.Thegroupisfairlyevenlydistributedacrosstheborough,butthereareclustersinEastHam,GreenStreetEastandGreenStreetWestwards.
•ThesecondlargestethnicminoritygroupisAfrican,whichgrewinNewhambyoneandthree-quartersbetween1991and2011.Thegroupisevenlydistributedacrosstheboroughwiththegreatestclustersinthesouthwest.
• There is evidence of dispersal of ethnic minority groups from areas in which they have previously clustered.
•TheIndian,African,OtherWhiteandBangladeshiethnicgroupsaregrowingmostrapidlyinwardswheretheyareleastclusteredandslowerinwardswheretheyaremostclustered.
• New measures in the 2011 Census show that Newham is not becoming less British, despite its increased ethnic diversity. More people report a British or English national identity than report White British ethnic identity.
•PoorEnglishlanguageproficiencyishigherinNewhamthanthenationalaveragereflectingalocalneedforsupportservices.However,onlyasmallminorityofresidentscannotspeakEnglishwelleveninthoseareaswheretheneedisgreatest.
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Total population – 250,397
Total population – 216,251
Figure 1.IncreasedethnicdiversityinNewham,1991-2011
*WhiteOtherincludesWhiteIrishin2001(3,278or1.3%)andWhiteIrish(2,172or0.7%)andWhiteGypsyorIrishTraveller(462or0.2%)in2011.Figuresmaynotaddduetorounding.
LOCAL DYNAMICS OF DIVERSITY: EVIDENCE FROM THE 2011 CENSUSPrepared by ESRC Centre on Dynamics of Ethnicity (CoDE)
Summary
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The growth of ethnic diversity 1991-2011
Theethnicminoritypopulation(ornon-whitepopulation)increasedby122,700or128%inNewhambetween1991and2011(seeFigure1).Despitethisgrowth,theWhiteBritishethnicgroup,onlymeasuredsince2001(seebox),remainsthelargestgroupinNewham.InNewham,nooneethnicgroupaccountsformorethanafifthofthepopulation.TheWhiteBritish(17%),Indian(14%),African(12%),Bangladeshi(12%)andPakistani(10%)arethelargestethnicgroups.Theremainderofthepopulationcomprisesadiversemixofethnicgroups,includingOtherAsian(6%),Caribbean(5%)andOtherBlack(2%).
Census ethnic group questionTherehasbeenaquestiononethnicityintheUKCensussince1991.Thequestionhaschangedovertimeintermsofhowitisframedandthepre-definedresponsecategoriesofferedforpeopletochoosefrom.In1991,thecensusasked‘whichethnicgroupdoyoudescendfrom:White;Black-Caribbean;Black-African;Black-Other;Indian;Pakistani;BangladeshiandChinese.’Butin2001,itaskedabout‘yourethnicgroupintermsofculturalbackground.’Therewereadditionalpre-definedcategoriesofMixedandWhiteIrishin2001aswellasan‘Other’categoryforeachbroadgroupofWhite,Mixed,AsianandBlack.The2011questionchangedagain,simplyaskingabout‘yourethnicgrouporbackground’andtherewerecategoriesaddedforWhiteGypsyorIrishTravellerandArab.Thechangesinthephrasingofthequestionandthetickboxresponsecategoriesrestrictcomparisonacrosscensuses.
Geographies of diversity in Newham
Figure 2.GeographicaldistributionofNewham’slargestethnicminoritygroupsacrossEastLondonbyward,2011
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a)Indiangroup b)Africangroup
c)Bangladeshigroup d)WhiteOthergroup
Thesemapsarepopulationcartogramswhereeachwardisshownapproximatelyproportionalinsizetoitsresidentpopulation.
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Geographical spread of diversityFigures2a-2dshowtheclusteringofthelargestethnicminoritygroupsinNewhamacrosswardsinEastLondonin2011.TheIndianethnicgroupisclusteredinwardsinpartsofNewhamandRedbridge(seeFigure2a).InNewham,morethanathirdofthepopulationinEastHamNorthward(38%),morethanaquarterofthepopulationinthewardsofGreenStreetEast(33%)andGreenStreetWest(32%),andmorethanafifthofthepopulationinthewardsofEastHamCentral(23%),WallEnd(21%)andManorPark(20%)haveanIndianethnicidentity.
TheAfricanethnicgroupaccountsforafifthofthepopulationintheNewhamwardsofCanningTownNorthandCustomHouse(seeFigure2b).TherearelargerclustersoftheAfricangroupinpartsofGreenwich,includingThamesmeadMoorings(36%),AbbeyWood(24%)andWoolwichCommon(24%),andinpartsofBarkingandDagenham,includingThames(27%)andGascoigne(26%).
TheBangladeshiethnicgroupisthemostclusteredethnicgroupinEastLondon(seeFigure2c).Morethantwo-fifthsofthepopulationintheTowerHamletswardsofStDunstan’s&StepneyGreen(47%),BethnalGreenSouth(45%),Bromley-by-Bow(45%),Shadwell(44%),MileEndEast(43%)andWhitechapel(40%)areBangladeshi.InNewham,thelargestclustersoftheBangladeshipopulationareinLittleIlford(20%)andManorPark(19%)wards.
TheWhitegroupismoreevenlydistributedacrossEastLondonthantheIndian,AfricanandBangladeshigroups.TheOtherWhitegroupaccountsforthegreatestproportionofthepopulationinthewardsofGroveGreen–WalthamForest(22%),NewRiver-Hackney(22%),Beckton-Newham(21%)andBrownswood–Hackney(21%)(seeFigure2d).TheOtherWhiteethnicgroupisverydiverseinNewham,includingpeoplewerecategorisedasEuropeanMixed(7,308),BalticStates(5,486),OtherEasternEuropean(5,268),Polish(4,686)andOtherWesternEuropean(2,390)usingcategorisationsofthewriteinresponses.
Dispersal of ethnic diversityDespitethefairlyevenspreadofmostethnicminoritygroupsinNewhamandtherestofEastLondon,thereisevidenceofdispersalawayfromthoseareaswheretheyaremostclustered.ThisisshowninFigure3,whichhighlightsthepercentagechange(2001-2011)inthepopulationoftheIndian,African,OtherWhiteandBangladeshiethnicminoritygroupsinEastLondonwardswheretheyaremostclustered(thosethatcontainedafifthofthepopulationofeachgroupin2001),andthepercentagechangeineachgroupinallotherlessclusteredwards.
Thereisaclearpatternofgreaterpopulationgrowthforeachethnicminoritygroupinthosewardswheretheyarelessclusteredcomparedwithsmallergrowthinthemostclusteredwards.Thedeconcentrationisduetomovementawayfrom
Geographies of diversity in Newham
Figure 3.GeographicalspreadingofNewham’slargestethnicminoritygroupsacrosswardsinEastLondon,2001-2011
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Notes:The‘mostclusteredwards’foreachethnicgroupcontainafifthofanethnicgroup’spopulationin2001inthewardswiththehighestpercentageofthegroup,andthe‘lessclusteredwards’containtheremainingfour-fifths.Themostclusteredwardsareasfollowsforeachgroup:Indian:EastHamNorth,GreenStreetEast,GreenStreetWest,SevenKings,Goodmayes,Clementswood;African:RoyalDocks,CanningTownSouth,CustomHouse,CanningTownNorth,StratfordandNewTown,King’sPark,Haggerston,ThamesmeadMoorings,WoolwichRiverside,WestHam,Hoxton;Other White:NewRiver,Lordship,Brownswood,Springfield,Cazenove,Millwall,Dalston,Clissold,Haggerston,StokeNewingtonCentral,Hoxton,StKatharine’sandWapping;Bangladeshi:BethnalGreenSouth,Whitechapel,Shadwell,StDunstan’sandStepneyGreen.
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Thisbriefingisoneinaseries,Local dynamics of diversity: evidence from the 2011 Census.
Author:StephenJivraj
Centre on Dynamics of Ethnicity (CoDE) TheUniversityofManchesterOxfordRoad,ManchesterM139PL,UK
email:[email protected]
www.ethnicity.ac.uk
theareaswhereethnicminoritiesareclusteredandnewimmigrationtoareaswheretherehasbeenlessimmigrationbefore.Whenmoredataisreleasedfromthe2011Census,itwillbepossibletodeterminetherelativeimportanceofthesecomponents.
Indicators of barriers to community participationEthnicidentitydoesnotprovideaclearindicationoftheassistancesomepeoplewillrequirefromlocalauthorityservicestoparticipateinthecommunitiestheysettlebecausemanyethnicminorityresidentswillhavebeenbornintheUKorhavelivedhereformanyyears.Indeed,Britishnessismultiethnic,asinformationfirstavailableinthe2011Censustellsus:inNewham,almostfourtimesasmanypeoplereportaBritishorEnglishnationalidentitythanreportaWhiteBritishethnicidentity.
Figure4showstheproportionofpeopleineachwardinNewhamwhohaveaforeignnationalidentity,arrivedintheUKrecently(2007-11),speakanon-EnglishmainlanguageandcannotspeakEnglishwell.Theaverageproportionofpeoplewithaforeignidentityis34%inNewham,wellabovethenationalaverageof8%.StratfordandNewTownward(39%)hasthehighestproportionandEastHamward(28%)hasthelowest.
Theproportionofpeoplewithaforeignidentityisstronglycorrelated(R=0.88)withtheproportionofpeoplewhoarrivedintheUKduring2007-11acrosswardsinNewham.Thisshowsthatareaswithhigherproportionsofpeoplewithaforeignidentityhavehigherproportionsofpeoplewhohaverecentlyarrived.GreenStreetEast,EastHamCentral,andStratfordandNewTownwardshavethehighestproportionofresidentswhoarrivedinthefouryearspriortothe2011Census(21%).InNewham,EastHamSouthwardhasthelowestproportionitspopulationwhorecentlyarrivedintheUK(12%)whichisconsiderablyhigherthanthenationalaverageof3%.
TheproportionofthepopulationwhocannotspeakEnglishwellisnotasstronglycorrelatedwithforeignnationalidentity(R=0.51).Thus,Englishtuitionneedsarenotnecessarilygreatestinareasofrecentimmigration.ThewardswiththegreatestproportionofthepopulationwhocannotspeakEnglishwellareGreenStreetWest(12%),EastHamNorth(11%)andGreenStreetEast(11%).TheaverageforNewhamis9%,whichishigherthanthenationalaverage
of2%suggestinganeedforEnglishlanguagetuitionintheborough.Nonetheless,the2011CensusshowsthatthevastmajorityofthepopulationinNewham,evenintheareaswhereethnicminoritiesareclustered,canspeakEnglishwell.
Incompleteness of ethnic group data 1991-2001Non-response(undercount)isthoughttohavebeenwell-estimatedwithinthe2011Census,butincompletelyestimatedin1991and2001.Non-responseisconcentratedinsomeethnicgroups.Ifthisbiasisnottakenintoaccount,comparisonsofpopulationcanbemisleading.Inthisbriefingwehaveusedthecompleteestimatesfor1991and2001availablefromtheUKDataArchive.
Geographies of diversity in Newham
Figure 4.AlternativemeasuresofimmigranthistoryinNewhamwards,2011
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Notes:Basepopulationfor‘CannotspeakEnglishwell’onlyincludespeopleaged3andover
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