GEOFFREY CHAUCER, THE FATHER OF ENGLISH LITERATURE CA. 1345-1400 BUSINESSMAN, COURTIER, SCHOLAR,...
-
Upload
juliet-watts -
Category
Documents
-
view
225 -
download
2
Transcript of GEOFFREY CHAUCER, THE FATHER OF ENGLISH LITERATURE CA. 1345-1400 BUSINESSMAN, COURTIER, SCHOLAR,...
![Page 1: GEOFFREY CHAUCER, THE FATHER OF ENGLISH LITERATURE CA. 1345-1400 BUSINESSMAN, COURTIER, SCHOLAR, SCIENTIST, SOLDIER, POET And maybe a spy.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062308/56649f055503460f94c1a3b5/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
GEOFFREY CHAUCER,
THE FATHER OF ENGLISH LITERATURE
• CA. 1345-1400
• BUSINESSMAN, COURTIER, SCHOLAR, SCIENTIST, SOLDIER, POET
• And maybe a spy
![Page 2: GEOFFREY CHAUCER, THE FATHER OF ENGLISH LITERATURE CA. 1345-1400 BUSINESSMAN, COURTIER, SCHOLAR, SCIENTIST, SOLDIER, POET And maybe a spy.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062308/56649f055503460f94c1a3b5/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
LIFE OF CHAUCER
• Son to John Chaucer, a vintner, wine importer, and tavern keeper (perhaps deputy to the king’s butler)
• Page to the Duchess of Clarence• Page in King Edward III’s household• Served in the King’s campaign against
France• Captured, held for ransom• The King paid his ransom
![Page 3: GEOFFREY CHAUCER, THE FATHER OF ENGLISH LITERATURE CA. 1345-1400 BUSINESSMAN, COURTIER, SCHOLAR, SCIENTIST, SOLDIER, POET And maybe a spy.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062308/56649f055503460f94c1a3b5/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
LIFE OF CHAUCER, cont.
• Granted a pension by the King; described as “our beloved yeoman”
• Traveled abroad for the king: Germany, Italy, France & Spain
• Fluent in English, Latin, French, Italian; spoke German and Spanish well
• First poet to be buried in Westminster Abbey, in a chapel that came to be known as Poet’s Corner
![Page 4: GEOFFREY CHAUCER, THE FATHER OF ENGLISH LITERATURE CA. 1345-1400 BUSINESSMAN, COURTIER, SCHOLAR, SCIENTIST, SOLDIER, POET And maybe a spy.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062308/56649f055503460f94c1a3b5/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Westminster Abbey
![Page 5: GEOFFREY CHAUCER, THE FATHER OF ENGLISH LITERATURE CA. 1345-1400 BUSINESSMAN, COURTIER, SCHOLAR, SCIENTIST, SOLDIER, POET And maybe a spy.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062308/56649f055503460f94c1a3b5/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Poet’s Corner & Chaucer’s Tomb
Chaucer's tomb, in Poet's Corner of Westminster Abbey, was built around 1556 to provide a more honorable tomb for the Father of English Poetry. His remains were transferred from their initial resting place in St. Benedict's Chapel to their current location. Chaucer’s date of death on this tomb is October 25, 1400.
![Page 6: GEOFFREY CHAUCER, THE FATHER OF ENGLISH LITERATURE CA. 1345-1400 BUSINESSMAN, COURTIER, SCHOLAR, SCIENTIST, SOLDIER, POET And maybe a spy.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062308/56649f055503460f94c1a3b5/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
CHAUCER’S WORKS
• The Book of the Duchess
• The Parliament of Fowls
• The House of Fame
• Troilus and Cressida
• The Legend of Good Women
• The Canterbury Tales
• Numerous scientific tracts
![Page 7: GEOFFREY CHAUCER, THE FATHER OF ENGLISH LITERATURE CA. 1345-1400 BUSINESSMAN, COURTIER, SCHOLAR, SCIENTIST, SOLDIER, POET And maybe a spy.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062308/56649f055503460f94c1a3b5/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
FATHER OF ENGLISH LITERATURE
• Chaucer is called “The Father of English Literature” because
• He was the first poet to produce literature in recognizable English
![Page 8: GEOFFREY CHAUCER, THE FATHER OF ENGLISH LITERATURE CA. 1345-1400 BUSINESSMAN, COURTIER, SCHOLAR, SCIENTIST, SOLDIER, POET And maybe a spy.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062308/56649f055503460f94c1a3b5/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
CHAUCER’S WORLD
• Chaucer lived in a complex and changing time
• There were several outbreaks of Black Plague
• Northern Europe was experiencing a mini-Ice Age
• The Baltic Sea froze over
• Crops were lost and many people starved
![Page 9: GEOFFREY CHAUCER, THE FATHER OF ENGLISH LITERATURE CA. 1345-1400 BUSINESSMAN, COURTIER, SCHOLAR, SCIENTIST, SOLDIER, POET And maybe a spy.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062308/56649f055503460f94c1a3b5/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
CHAUCER’S WORLD
• There was also political turmoil
• The Magna Carta had been signed in 1215
• But there were still many disagreements among the nobles, the monarch, and the Church
• Not to mention wars with France
• The Hundred Years War (1337-1453)
![Page 10: GEOFFREY CHAUCER, THE FATHER OF ENGLISH LITERATURE CA. 1345-1400 BUSINESSMAN, COURTIER, SCHOLAR, SCIENTIST, SOLDIER, POET And maybe a spy.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062308/56649f055503460f94c1a3b5/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
A MULTILINGUAL SOCIETY
• LATIN: the Church, Courts of Law, and scholarship
• FRENCH: the Royal Court, upper classes, and literature
• ENGLISH: commoners
![Page 11: GEOFFREY CHAUCER, THE FATHER OF ENGLISH LITERATURE CA. 1345-1400 BUSINESSMAN, COURTIER, SCHOLAR, SCIENTIST, SOLDIER, POET And maybe a spy.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062308/56649f055503460f94c1a3b5/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
THE TEXT
• Chaucer is ambiguous
• He expects you to know the Bible and the Classics
• He expects you to be an active reader; to read again and again
• (Shakespeare said that he learned his craft from Chaucer)
![Page 12: GEOFFREY CHAUCER, THE FATHER OF ENGLISH LITERATURE CA. 1345-1400 BUSINESSMAN, COURTIER, SCHOLAR, SCIENTIST, SOLDIER, POET And maybe a spy.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062308/56649f055503460f94c1a3b5/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
THE IMPORTANCE OF CANTERBURY CATHEDRAL
• Begins with the relationship between King Henry II of England (r. 1154-1189)
• And Sir Thomas à Becket (b. ca.1118; martyred December 29, 1170; canonized 1173)
![Page 13: GEOFFREY CHAUCER, THE FATHER OF ENGLISH LITERATURE CA. 1345-1400 BUSINESSMAN, COURTIER, SCHOLAR, SCIENTIST, SOLDIER, POET And maybe a spy.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062308/56649f055503460f94c1a3b5/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
THOMAS À BECKET
• University educated (meant he qualified to be a priest)
• Friends with Henry II• Appointed Chancellor of
England, 1155 (is Archdeacon of Canterbury)
• Appointed Archbishop of Canterbury, 1162
![Page 14: GEOFFREY CHAUCER, THE FATHER OF ENGLISH LITERATURE CA. 1345-1400 BUSINESSMAN, COURTIER, SCHOLAR, SCIENTIST, SOLDIER, POET And maybe a spy.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062308/56649f055503460f94c1a3b5/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
BECKET• Becket turns from a courtier to an ascetic
and a champion of the poor
• Many quarrels between Becket and Henry over Church/State supremacy
• Becket has to seek refuge in France for 6 years
• The Pope must intervene
![Page 15: GEOFFREY CHAUCER, THE FATHER OF ENGLISH LITERATURE CA. 1345-1400 BUSINESSMAN, COURTIER, SCHOLAR, SCIENTIST, SOLDIER, POET And maybe a spy.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062308/56649f055503460f94c1a3b5/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
HENRY & BECKET
• Supposedly Henry and Becket are reconciled
• Becket returns to Canterbury
• “Will no one rid me of this meddlesome priest?”
HENRY II
![Page 16: GEOFFREY CHAUCER, THE FATHER OF ENGLISH LITERATURE CA. 1345-1400 BUSINESSMAN, COURTIER, SCHOLAR, SCIENTIST, SOLDIER, POET And maybe a spy.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062308/56649f055503460f94c1a3b5/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
THE MARTYRDOM
• 1170: Four knights (Hugh de Merville, William de Tracy, Reginald Fitzurse, and Richard le Breton) travel to Canterbury
• Becket has been warned but he does not flee
• December 29, they burst into the Church
• They confront him; he walks away
![Page 17: GEOFFREY CHAUCER, THE FATHER OF ENGLISH LITERATURE CA. 1345-1400 BUSINESSMAN, COURTIER, SCHOLAR, SCIENTIST, SOLDIER, POET And maybe a spy.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062308/56649f055503460f94c1a3b5/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
THE MARTYRDOM
• They catch him in a side chapel
• All four attack him• One strikes with such force
that Becket’s tonsure is cut off• The sword clangs against the
stone floor and the tip is broken off
• Becket lies dying on the floor
![Page 18: GEOFFREY CHAUCER, THE FATHER OF ENGLISH LITERATURE CA. 1345-1400 BUSINESSMAN, COURTIER, SCHOLAR, SCIENTIST, SOLDIER, POET And maybe a spy.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062308/56649f055503460f94c1a3b5/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
THE MARTYRDOM
• The knights flee
• People in the Church rush to Becket’s side
• Many dip their handkerchiefs in his blood, pluck hairs, tear little pieces of cloth from his clothing to keep as relics
![Page 19: GEOFFREY CHAUCER, THE FATHER OF ENGLISH LITERATURE CA. 1345-1400 BUSINESSMAN, COURTIER, SCHOLAR, SCIENTIST, SOLDIER, POET And maybe a spy.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062308/56649f055503460f94c1a3b5/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
THE SHRINE
• Becket’s tomb becomes a shrine
• Pilgrims go there to pray, ask for certain favors like cures for illnesses
• Going on pilgrimage becomes a vocation for some, a vacation for others
• There are even professional palmers, those who go on pilgrimage for others
![Page 20: GEOFFREY CHAUCER, THE FATHER OF ENGLISH LITERATURE CA. 1345-1400 BUSINESSMAN, COURTIER, SCHOLAR, SCIENTIST, SOLDIER, POET And maybe a spy.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062308/56649f055503460f94c1a3b5/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
PUBLIC PENANCE
• The outcry is so great that Henry fears an uprising
• Becket is canonized in 1173• In 1174, Henry does public penance • He walks a mile, barefoot, to the Cathedral,
in January, wearing only a hairshirt. He ascends the steps on his knees and prays by Becket’s tomb, asking for forgiveness.
![Page 21: GEOFFREY CHAUCER, THE FATHER OF ENGLISH LITERATURE CA. 1345-1400 BUSINESSMAN, COURTIER, SCHOLAR, SCIENTIST, SOLDIER, POET And maybe a spy.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062308/56649f055503460f94c1a3b5/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
The City Walls of Canterbury
• Medieval walls were built on the foundations constructed by the Romans. Today these still circle much of the central city. On the right is a mound of great antiquity with an obelisk at its summit.
![Page 22: GEOFFREY CHAUCER, THE FATHER OF ENGLISH LITERATURE CA. 1345-1400 BUSINESSMAN, COURTIER, SCHOLAR, SCIENTIST, SOLDIER, POET And maybe a spy.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062308/56649f055503460f94c1a3b5/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
C A N T E R B U R Y C A T H E D R A L
• “Canterbury” from Anglo-Saxon “Kant-We”, meaning Man of Kent/Cent and “bury” from the Latin for “fort”
• “Cathedral” from the Latin and Greek “cathedra” meaning “chair” or “throne.” A cathedral is the home church for the Bishop of the Diocese.
![Page 23: GEOFFREY CHAUCER, THE FATHER OF ENGLISH LITERATURE CA. 1345-1400 BUSINESSMAN, COURTIER, SCHOLAR, SCIENTIST, SOLDIER, POET And maybe a spy.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062308/56649f055503460f94c1a3b5/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Canterbury Cathedral: different views
![Page 24: GEOFFREY CHAUCER, THE FATHER OF ENGLISH LITERATURE CA. 1345-1400 BUSINESSMAN, COURTIER, SCHOLAR, SCIENTIST, SOLDIER, POET And maybe a spy.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062308/56649f055503460f94c1a3b5/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
![Page 25: GEOFFREY CHAUCER, THE FATHER OF ENGLISH LITERATURE CA. 1345-1400 BUSINESSMAN, COURTIER, SCHOLAR, SCIENTIST, SOLDIER, POET And maybe a spy.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062308/56649f055503460f94c1a3b5/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
![Page 26: GEOFFREY CHAUCER, THE FATHER OF ENGLISH LITERATURE CA. 1345-1400 BUSINESSMAN, COURTIER, SCHOLAR, SCIENTIST, SOLDIER, POET And maybe a spy.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062308/56649f055503460f94c1a3b5/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Canter-bury by
night
![Page 27: GEOFFREY CHAUCER, THE FATHER OF ENGLISH LITERATURE CA. 1345-1400 BUSINESSMAN, COURTIER, SCHOLAR, SCIENTIST, SOLDIER, POET And maybe a spy.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062308/56649f055503460f94c1a3b5/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
CHRIST CHURCH
GATE
The Christ Church Gate was completed in 1517 in the late Gothic style; it was restored 1931-7.
![Page 28: GEOFFREY CHAUCER, THE FATHER OF ENGLISH LITERATURE CA. 1345-1400 BUSINESSMAN, COURTIER, SCHOLAR, SCIENTIST, SOLDIER, POET And maybe a spy.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062308/56649f055503460f94c1a3b5/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Canterbury
Cathedral
• West Façade
• Entry for tourists
![Page 29: GEOFFREY CHAUCER, THE FATHER OF ENGLISH LITERATURE CA. 1345-1400 BUSINESSMAN, COURTIER, SCHOLAR, SCIENTIST, SOLDIER, POET And maybe a spy.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062308/56649f055503460f94c1a3b5/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Canterbury Cathedral
• Main entrance to the
cathedral
![Page 30: GEOFFREY CHAUCER, THE FATHER OF ENGLISH LITERATURE CA. 1345-1400 BUSINESSMAN, COURTIER, SCHOLAR, SCIENTIST, SOLDIER, POET And maybe a spy.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062308/56649f055503460f94c1a3b5/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Bell Harry Tower
• The Bell Harry Tower over the Crossing was designed by John Wastell and completed at the end of the 15th century
![Page 31: GEOFFREY CHAUCER, THE FATHER OF ENGLISH LITERATURE CA. 1345-1400 BUSINESSMAN, COURTIER, SCHOLAR, SCIENTIST, SOLDIER, POET And maybe a spy.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062308/56649f055503460f94c1a3b5/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
The Cloisters
![Page 32: GEOFFREY CHAUCER, THE FATHER OF ENGLISH LITERATURE CA. 1345-1400 BUSINESSMAN, COURTIER, SCHOLAR, SCIENTIST, SOLDIER, POET And maybe a spy.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062308/56649f055503460f94c1a3b5/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Cloister Exterior•The present cloister was designed by master mason Stephen Lote and constructed between 1397 and 1420 in the Perpendicular style.
![Page 33: GEOFFREY CHAUCER, THE FATHER OF ENGLISH LITERATURE CA. 1345-1400 BUSINESSMAN, COURTIER, SCHOLAR, SCIENTIST, SOLDIER, POET And maybe a spy.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062308/56649f055503460f94c1a3b5/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
The Cloisters Interior
![Page 34: GEOFFREY CHAUCER, THE FATHER OF ENGLISH LITERATURE CA. 1345-1400 BUSINESSMAN, COURTIER, SCHOLAR, SCIENTIST, SOLDIER, POET And maybe a spy.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062308/56649f055503460f94c1a3b5/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
From inside the Cloisters
![Page 35: GEOFFREY CHAUCER, THE FATHER OF ENGLISH LITERATURE CA. 1345-1400 BUSINESSMAN, COURTIER, SCHOLAR, SCIENTIST, SOLDIER, POET And maybe a spy.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062308/56649f055503460f94c1a3b5/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
• Interior of Canterbury
The Nave
![Page 36: GEOFFREY CHAUCER, THE FATHER OF ENGLISH LITERATURE CA. 1345-1400 BUSINESSMAN, COURTIER, SCHOLAR, SCIENTIST, SOLDIER, POET And maybe a spy.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062308/56649f055503460f94c1a3b5/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
The Nave• The present
nave of the church is not the nave St. Thomas knew. Built 1377-1405, it was designed by Henry Yevele and consists of eight bays in the Perpendicular style.
![Page 37: GEOFFREY CHAUCER, THE FATHER OF ENGLISH LITERATURE CA. 1345-1400 BUSINESSMAN, COURTIER, SCHOLAR, SCIENTIST, SOLDIER, POET And maybe a spy.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062308/56649f055503460f94c1a3b5/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Nave Vaults
• Interior of the main ceiling
![Page 38: GEOFFREY CHAUCER, THE FATHER OF ENGLISH LITERATURE CA. 1345-1400 BUSINESSMAN, COURTIER, SCHOLAR, SCIENTIST, SOLDIER, POET And maybe a spy.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062308/56649f055503460f94c1a3b5/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Interior of the Choir (Quire)
![Page 39: GEOFFREY CHAUCER, THE FATHER OF ENGLISH LITERATURE CA. 1345-1400 BUSINESSMAN, COURTIER, SCHOLAR, SCIENTIST, SOLDIER, POET And maybe a spy.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062308/56649f055503460f94c1a3b5/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
THE GREEN MAN
• A pagan symbol that remained firmly entrenched in the popular imagination. Many such carvings are found in cathedrals.
![Page 40: GEOFFREY CHAUCER, THE FATHER OF ENGLISH LITERATURE CA. 1345-1400 BUSINESSMAN, COURTIER, SCHOLAR, SCIENTIST, SOLDIER, POET And maybe a spy.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062308/56649f055503460f94c1a3b5/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
THE CROSS
VAULTED CEILING
under The Bell Harry Tower
(late 1400s, early 1500s)
![Page 41: GEOFFREY CHAUCER, THE FATHER OF ENGLISH LITERATURE CA. 1345-1400 BUSINESSMAN, COURTIER, SCHOLAR, SCIENTIST, SOLDIER, POET And maybe a spy.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062308/56649f055503460f94c1a3b5/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
• The Pilgrims’ Steps leading to Thomas a Becket’s Shrine
• The truly penitent will walk up the steps on their knees
![Page 42: GEOFFREY CHAUCER, THE FATHER OF ENGLISH LITERATURE CA. 1345-1400 BUSINESSMAN, COURTIER, SCHOLAR, SCIENTIST, SOLDIER, POET And maybe a spy.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062308/56649f055503460f94c1a3b5/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
TRINITY CHAPEL
• Where Becket’s body lay until the Church was nearly despoiled by Henry VIII in 1538.
![Page 43: GEOFFREY CHAUCER, THE FATHER OF ENGLISH LITERATURE CA. 1345-1400 BUSINESSMAN, COURTIER, SCHOLAR, SCIENTIST, SOLDIER, POET And maybe a spy.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062308/56649f055503460f94c1a3b5/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
TRINITY CHAPEL
![Page 44: GEOFFREY CHAUCER, THE FATHER OF ENGLISH LITERATURE CA. 1345-1400 BUSINESSMAN, COURTIER, SCHOLAR, SCIENTIST, SOLDIER, POET And maybe a spy.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062308/56649f055503460f94c1a3b5/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
• Stained Glass window depicting pilgrims praying at Becket’s Shrine
![Page 45: GEOFFREY CHAUCER, THE FATHER OF ENGLISH LITERATURE CA. 1345-1400 BUSINESSMAN, COURTIER, SCHOLAR, SCIENTIST, SOLDIER, POET And maybe a spy.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062308/56649f055503460f94c1a3b5/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
• Stained Glass depicting the Martyr-dom of Becket
![Page 46: GEOFFREY CHAUCER, THE FATHER OF ENGLISH LITERATURE CA. 1345-1400 BUSINESSMAN, COURTIER, SCHOLAR, SCIENTIST, SOLDIER, POET And maybe a spy.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062308/56649f055503460f94c1a3b5/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
The Altar of the Sword’s Point
The Martyrdom is in the north-west transept of the Cathedral. Here Becket was murdered on December 29, 1170, just after Vespers. The modern sculpture was added above the Altar of the Sword's Point in 1986. The white pavement marked off by black marks the spot where, according to Canterbury tradition, Thomas' head struck the floor. The stone lies to the left of the altar (as you face it), just before the steps up into the Dean's (Our Lady) Chapel.
![Page 47: GEOFFREY CHAUCER, THE FATHER OF ENGLISH LITERATURE CA. 1345-1400 BUSINESSMAN, COURTIER, SCHOLAR, SCIENTIST, SOLDIER, POET And maybe a spy.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062308/56649f055503460f94c1a3b5/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
The Canterbury Tales
by Geoffrey Chaucer
Pages from
The Ellesmere Manuscript
![Page 48: GEOFFREY CHAUCER, THE FATHER OF ENGLISH LITERATURE CA. 1345-1400 BUSINESSMAN, COURTIER, SCHOLAR, SCIENTIST, SOLDIER, POET And maybe a spy.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062308/56649f055503460f94c1a3b5/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
The first page of The Ellesmere Manuscript. The Pilgrim is Chaucer.
![Page 49: GEOFFREY CHAUCER, THE FATHER OF ENGLISH LITERATURE CA. 1345-1400 BUSINESSMAN, COURTIER, SCHOLAR, SCIENTIST, SOLDIER, POET And maybe a spy.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062308/56649f055503460f94c1a3b5/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
A KNIGHT ther was, and that a worthy man…
![Page 50: GEOFFREY CHAUCER, THE FATHER OF ENGLISH LITERATURE CA. 1345-1400 BUSINESSMAN, COURTIER, SCHOLAR, SCIENTIST, SOLDIER, POET And maybe a spy.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062308/56649f055503460f94c1a3b5/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
…a yong SQUYER,/A lovyere, and a lusty bacheler
![Page 51: GEOFFREY CHAUCER, THE FATHER OF ENGLISH LITERATURE CA. 1345-1400 BUSINESSMAN, COURTIER, SCHOLAR, SCIENTIST, SOLDIER, POET And maybe a spy.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062308/56649f055503460f94c1a3b5/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
There was also a Nonne, a PRIORESSE
![Page 52: GEOFFREY CHAUCER, THE FATHER OF ENGLISH LITERATURE CA. 1345-1400 BUSINESSMAN, COURTIER, SCHOLAR, SCIENTIST, SOLDIER, POET And maybe a spy.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062308/56649f055503460f94c1a3b5/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
A good WYF was ther of bisyde BATHE
![Page 53: GEOFFREY CHAUCER, THE FATHER OF ENGLISH LITERATURE CA. 1345-1400 BUSINESSMAN, COURTIER, SCHOLAR, SCIENTIST, SOLDIER, POET And maybe a spy.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062308/56649f055503460f94c1a3b5/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
A COOK they hadde with hem…
![Page 54: GEOFFREY CHAUCER, THE FATHER OF ENGLISH LITERATURE CA. 1345-1400 BUSINESSMAN, COURTIER, SCHOLAR, SCIENTIST, SOLDIER, POET And maybe a spy.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062308/56649f055503460f94c1a3b5/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
More
Illuminated
Manuscripts
![Page 55: GEOFFREY CHAUCER, THE FATHER OF ENGLISH LITERATURE CA. 1345-1400 BUSINESSMAN, COURTIER, SCHOLAR, SCIENTIST, SOLDIER, POET And maybe a spy.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062308/56649f055503460f94c1a3b5/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
The Book of Hours
![Page 56: GEOFFREY CHAUCER, THE FATHER OF ENGLISH LITERATURE CA. 1345-1400 BUSINESSMAN, COURTIER, SCHOLAR, SCIENTIST, SOLDIER, POET And maybe a spy.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062308/56649f055503460f94c1a3b5/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
Book of Hours• Book of Hours
France, Rouen, c. 1470
•The Visitation. The Hours of the Virgin form the core of a Book of Hours, and they are often illustrated with scenes from the Infancy of Christ. One of the first hours of the day is Lauds, illustrated here with a miniature of the Visitation, an event in which the pregnant Virgin Mary and Elizabeth, the mother of John the Baptist, meet.
![Page 57: GEOFFREY CHAUCER, THE FATHER OF ENGLISH LITERATURE CA. 1345-1400 BUSINESSMAN, COURTIER, SCHOLAR, SCIENTIST, SOLDIER, POET And maybe a spy.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062308/56649f055503460f94c1a3b5/html5/thumbnails/57.jpg)
The Annunciati
on
• From The Book of Hours
![Page 58: GEOFFREY CHAUCER, THE FATHER OF ENGLISH LITERATURE CA. 1345-1400 BUSINESSMAN, COURTIER, SCHOLAR, SCIENTIST, SOLDIER, POET And maybe a spy.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062308/56649f055503460f94c1a3b5/html5/thumbnails/58.jpg)
Monks in Song
• From The Book of Hours
![Page 59: GEOFFREY CHAUCER, THE FATHER OF ENGLISH LITERATURE CA. 1345-1400 BUSINESSMAN, COURTIER, SCHOLAR, SCIENTIST, SOLDIER, POET And maybe a spy.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062308/56649f055503460f94c1a3b5/html5/thumbnails/59.jpg)
Psalm 96
• From The Book of Hours , 1460
![Page 60: GEOFFREY CHAUCER, THE FATHER OF ENGLISH LITERATURE CA. 1345-1400 BUSINESSMAN, COURTIER, SCHOLAR, SCIENTIST, SOLDIER, POET And maybe a spy.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062308/56649f055503460f94c1a3b5/html5/thumbnails/60.jpg)
The Book of
Kells
• Illuminated manuscript of The Gospels
• Compiled about 800, A.D.
• Now housed in Trinity College, Dublin
• This is the opening page for the Gospel of St. Matthew
![Page 61: GEOFFREY CHAUCER, THE FATHER OF ENGLISH LITERATURE CA. 1345-1400 BUSINESSMAN, COURTIER, SCHOLAR, SCIENTIST, SOLDIER, POET And maybe a spy.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062308/56649f055503460f94c1a3b5/html5/thumbnails/61.jpg)
The Book of
Kells
• The opening of the Gospel according to St. John
![Page 62: GEOFFREY CHAUCER, THE FATHER OF ENGLISH LITERATURE CA. 1345-1400 BUSINESSMAN, COURTIER, SCHOLAR, SCIENTIST, SOLDIER, POET And maybe a spy.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062308/56649f055503460f94c1a3b5/html5/thumbnails/62.jpg)
The Book of Kells
• The Crucifixion
![Page 63: GEOFFREY CHAUCER, THE FATHER OF ENGLISH LITERATURE CA. 1345-1400 BUSINESSMAN, COURTIER, SCHOLAR, SCIENTIST, SOLDIER, POET And maybe a spy.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062308/56649f055503460f94c1a3b5/html5/thumbnails/63.jpg)
The Book
of Kells
![Page 64: GEOFFREY CHAUCER, THE FATHER OF ENGLISH LITERATURE CA. 1345-1400 BUSINESSMAN, COURTIER, SCHOLAR, SCIENTIST, SOLDIER, POET And maybe a spy.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062308/56649f055503460f94c1a3b5/html5/thumbnails/64.jpg)
Mirror of the Blessed Life
of Jesus
• Nicholas Love • 1475
![Page 65: GEOFFREY CHAUCER, THE FATHER OF ENGLISH LITERATURE CA. 1345-1400 BUSINESSMAN, COURTIER, SCHOLAR, SCIENTIST, SOLDIER, POET And maybe a spy.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062308/56649f055503460f94c1a3b5/html5/thumbnails/65.jpg)
Confessio
Amantis (Confessions of
Love)• John Gower,
1390
![Page 66: GEOFFREY CHAUCER, THE FATHER OF ENGLISH LITERATURE CA. 1345-1400 BUSINESSMAN, COURTIER, SCHOLAR, SCIENTIST, SOLDIER, POET And maybe a spy.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062308/56649f055503460f94c1a3b5/html5/thumbnails/66.jpg)
Guillame Tardiff, Book of Falconry, 1460
![Page 67: GEOFFREY CHAUCER, THE FATHER OF ENGLISH LITERATURE CA. 1345-1400 BUSINESSMAN, COURTIER, SCHOLAR, SCIENTIST, SOLDIER, POET And maybe a spy.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062308/56649f055503460f94c1a3b5/html5/thumbnails/67.jpg)
Falconrie,
Venerie et la
Chasse
• 1494
![Page 68: GEOFFREY CHAUCER, THE FATHER OF ENGLISH LITERATURE CA. 1345-1400 BUSINESSMAN, COURTIER, SCHOLAR, SCIENTIST, SOLDIER, POET And maybe a spy.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062308/56649f055503460f94c1a3b5/html5/thumbnails/68.jpg)
Fall of Princes
• Lydgate
![Page 69: GEOFFREY CHAUCER, THE FATHER OF ENGLISH LITERATURE CA. 1345-1400 BUSINESSMAN, COURTIER, SCHOLAR, SCIENTIST, SOLDIER, POET And maybe a spy.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062308/56649f055503460f94c1a3b5/html5/thumbnails/69.jpg)
A Bestiary: The Lion
![Page 70: GEOFFREY CHAUCER, THE FATHER OF ENGLISH LITERATURE CA. 1345-1400 BUSINESSMAN, COURTIER, SCHOLAR, SCIENTIST, SOLDIER, POET And maybe a spy.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062308/56649f055503460f94c1a3b5/html5/thumbnails/70.jpg)
The Crocodile
![Page 71: GEOFFREY CHAUCER, THE FATHER OF ENGLISH LITERATURE CA. 1345-1400 BUSINESSMAN, COURTIER, SCHOLAR, SCIENTIST, SOLDIER, POET And maybe a spy.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062308/56649f055503460f94c1a3b5/html5/thumbnails/71.jpg)
The Manticore