GEO Work Plan Symposium 2012 Task AG 01 Global Agricultural Monitoring and Early Warning Chris...

GEO Work Plan Symposium 2012

Task AG 01 Global Agricultural Monitoring and Early Warning

Chris Justice, Ag 01 Task CoordinatorJoao Soares, Geo. Sec. Ag 01 POC

Scope of Task AG-01 (from 12-15 Workplan rev2)• Increased use of Earth Observing (EO) capabilities and

supporting applications systems to produce timely, objective, reliable, and transparent agricultural information at national, regional and global levels.

• Improved agricultural risk assessment, early warning for food security.

• Expanded mapping and monitoring of cropland distribution and agricultural land use change, through periodic regional and global assessments.

1. Phase 1 Implementation of G20 GEOGLAM

The GEO Global Agricultural Monitoring (Structure for Ag 0703 >Restructuring to new work plan Ag 01 )

Task Co-Leads: Chris Justice, University of Maryland, (USA) *

Olivier Leo, Joint Research Centre Ispra, (E.C,)

Derrick Williams, USDA FAS, (USA)

Wu Bingfang, IRSA, CAS, Beijing, (China)

Task Executive Director: Jai Singh Parihar, ISRO, (India)

GEO Secretariat POC: Joao Soares, GEO Secretariat, (Brazil)

JECAM Comp. Lead: Ian Jarvis, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Pierre Defourny, UCL (Belgium)

PAY Comp. Lead: Inbal Becker-Reshef, UMD, Meng Jihua, IRSA (China)

Cropland Mapping Lead: Steffen Fritz, IIASA, (Austria)

GEOGLAM Lead: Pascal Kosuth (France)

CEOS GEO Ag POC:Prasad Thenkabail, USGS (USA)

* NASA Applied Sciences supported (Brad Doorn, NASA POC)

GEO Agriculture Monitoring CoP •Several global/regional scale agricultural monitoring systems in

place – with common data needs, few common standards and protocols and inconsistent results

•Most countries have a national agricultural monitoring system•GEO can facilitate coordination and provide value added on use

of EO

Expected Achievements by 2015 (3 years)

Task Components1. Complete Phase 1 Implementation of G20 GEOGLAM

(GEO Global Agricultural Monitoring)

2. Complete Phase 1 of the Joint Experiments on Crop Assessment and Monitoring (JECAM)

Task Cross Cutting Elements (from Ag 0703) – will be incorporated in GEOGLAM

• Coordinated Data Initiatives for Global Agricultural Monitoring (CDIGAM).

• Community of Practice Thematic and Regional strategic workshops (GLAMSS)

Wheat Monthly Crop Prices:2001-2011

2007-2008 Drought Aust/Ukr

2010-11Russia

drought

U

S $

per M

etric

Ton Source: IMF (index Mundi)

• World prices of wheat, rice, corn, and soybeans rose 226% from 2002 2008 • Between June of 2010 and May 2011 price of wheat increased by over 80%• The recent price increases have pushed an additional 44 million people into poverty (FAO)• 2011 Horn of Africa drought left over 13 million in need of food aid (FAO)

Context for Improved Agricultural Monitoring

The GEOGLAM Initiative: Project Elements

The G20 Cannes Summit (November 2011) endorsed Action Plan on Food Price and Volatility and Agriculture

G20 Agriculture, Mexico City, 2012 April 12th9/15

2. The GEOGLAM Initiative : 2011-2012 advances

International cooperation for the definition of GEOGLAM- 09/2011 Geneva : First GEOGLAM international Workshop (13 countries)ii

- 09/2011 Nairobi : Present. to the 3rd Crop and Rangeland Monitoring Workshop

- 11/2011 Istanbul : GEO VI Plenary Assembly

- 01/2012 Geneva : GEOGLAM coord. Group meeting (w. AMIS)

- 02/2012 Roma : Present. to the 1st meeting of the AMIS coord. Group

- 02/2012 Canberra : International Workshop on crop monitoring

- 03/2012 Mexico : Present. to XIIth “Foro de expectativas agropecuarias”

- 03/2012 La Hoya : CEOS Strategic Implementation Team

- 04/2012 Tokyo : GEOSS in the Asian Pacific Symposium

+ other regional and national meetings and presentations

The GEOGLAM Workplan Submitted 2/12– Strategic targets - Preliminary Budget

– Work plan components - Linkage with AMIS

– Governance

1. GLOBAL/ REGIONAL SYSTEM OF SYSTEMS

Main producer countries, main crops

2. NATIONAL CAPACITY DEVELOPMENT

for agricultural monitoring using Earth Observation

3. MONITORING COUNTRIES AT RISK

Food security assessment

6. INFORMATION DISSEMINATION of Data and Products

5. METHOD IMPROVEMENT through R&D coordination

4. EO DATA COORDINATION (acquisition, availability, access)

GEOGLAM is a coordination initiative, aiming at providing key information on Agricultural production using Earth Observations through:- supporting, strengthening and articulating existing efforts and - developing capacities and awareness at national, regional and global levels- providing coordinated input to the Agricultural Market Info. System (AMIS)

The GEOGLAM Initiative: Project Elements

Expected Achievements by 2015• Example Phase 1 Implementation of G20 GEOGLAM

(initiatives)– Coordinated crop forecast assessments (w. AMIS) – Coordinated ‘operational’ satellite acquisition and

availability (w. CEOS and private industry)– Ensure satellite data continuity for agricultural monitoring

and near real-time data (w. CEOS) – Improved data and products for global agric. monitoring– Targeted enhanced national capacity for use of EO

(Crop Producer Countries and Countries at Risk)– Improved distribution of and access to African

Raingauge data

Agricultural Market Information System (AMIS)hosted at the UN FAO

VegetationAnomaly

26 June to11 July 2011

(MODIS16-Day

Composite)

VegetationAnomaly

30 Sept to15 Oct 2011

(MODIS16-Day

Composite)

Time Series of Satellite Based Vegetation Index for 2011-2012 Season vs. Average Conditions

2011-12 season2011-12 season

Average conditions Average conditions

Depicting the 2011-12 Drought in Mexico with Satellite Observations

Data Source: Servicio de Información Agroalimentaria y Pesquera (SIAP)

Below-average cumulative maize grain production in Mexico 2011/12Maize production is 20% below average (2004-2010) according to Feb stats

(Calculated for the last 12 months, April-March, of the año agrícola)

Coordinated forecast and assessments (w. AMIS)

2015 Target• Coordinated forecasts between global monitoring systems (e.g. USDA FAS, JRC MARS, IRSA Cropwatch, FAO GIEWS) and AMIS.

Near Term Target• Design workshop with AMIS and Pilot coordination initiated before end of 2012

ReportingReporting

DisseminationDissemination

- EU Delegations- National EW Agencies- Int. Institutions (FAO, …)

Bulletin Dissemination

Data Dissemination

Coordinated ‘operational’ satellite acquisition (w. CEOS and private industry providers)

• Ag 01 data needs are under discussion with CEOS and interested private providers - CEOS has agreed to support Ag

01 JECAM and consider GEOGLAM request (CEOS Lucca Statement) - we are working to develop an active partnership • GEOGLAM Data Requirements Workshop planned for mid-July 2012 - Issues include higher frequency observations, crop calendars, cloud cover – will need both optical and microwave, coarse/moderate/fine data)• Work with CEOS to develop acquisition strategy and operational implementation commitments.• Need to coordinate with SB3 GFO Initiative (w. CEOS)

Crop Calendars

J F M A M J J A S O N D






CORN

WHEAT

SOYBEAN

COTTON

RICE

Crop calendars will be needed in the definition of satellite data acquisition strategies

Expected Achievements by 2015 (Contd) • Examples Phase 1 Implementation of G20 GEOGLAM

– Coordinated crop forecast assessments (w. AMIS) – Coordinated ‘operational’ satellite acquisition for agricultural

areas (w. CEOS and private industry)– Ensure satellite data continuity for agricultural monitoring

and near real-time data (e.g. VIIRS, Sentinel 2, LDCM, Alos 2, Radarsat Constellation, Merged LDCM/Sentinel 2 Products, GPM, SMAP)

– Improved data and products for global ag. monitoring– Improved distribution of and access to African Raingauge data– Targeted enhanced national capacity for use of EO (Crop

Producer Countries and Countries at Risk w FAO)–

Soumi VIIRS SR

MODIS Aqua SR

Site over Australia: Data normalized for BRDF effect (nadir, sun zenith angle=

45deg)NIR bands: band 2 MODIS, band M7 VIIRS

Results for 3/06/2012 Vermote (NASA funded )

Coarse Resolution Data Continuity:

Calibration> Data products

Data Access: Near Real Time Data Provision

• Processing NASA EOS near-real-time daily observations and integrating into USDA FAS system (< 3 hours from obs.)• Need to provide similar NRT capabilities for new sensing systems (VIIRS, LDCM, Sentinel 2, ALOS2, etc)

• Development of VIIRS Agricultural Capability currently underway by NASA Science Applications Program

21

Ag 01 need for high frequency moderate resolution observations: Sentinel 2A and B – LDCM

21

• The picture shows the number of times LDCM and the Sentinel 2 satellites accessed areas on the ground over an 80 day period of time.

– 21 accesses indicates a maximum revisit interval of ~3 days 19 hours– 46 accesses indicates a minimum revisit interval of ~1 day 18 hours

Longitude: 1.4 34.6Latitude: 44.4 51.6

The large number of blue colored bands (>41 accesses) indicate that the revisit interval over the majority of the region is on the order of 2 days.

Courtesy Brian Killough, NASA LARC

Sentinel-2a (ESA /EC)

Landsat (USGS)

Data Ingest &Preprocessing Atmospheric Correction Bandpass Correction Regridding & formatting

Agricultural Monitoring•GEOGLAM prototyping•Ag Land use research

~5-day 30m reflectances

A Proposed Data Initiative for Agricultural Landuse from Landsat and Sentinel for NASA,USGS, EC, ESA

Goal 1: Create consistent, merged Landsat and Sentinel-2 reflectance dataset- builds on MODIS, MERIS, and Landsat processing heritage- builds on previous data initiatives among NASA, ESA, and USGS- establishes consistent radiometric data set for land phenology

Goal 2: Leverage new datasets for agricultural monitoring (e.g. GEOGLAM prototyping)

Goal 3: Support transition to operational agencies - GEOGLAM, USDA FAS and EC JRC MARS programs - examples: UMD/USDA MODIS GLAM – MODIS LANCE

Four year effort (2013 – 2016) - Phase 1: prototype with limited geographic scope (4-5 demonstrator countries); - Phase 2: expand to support global Ag monitoring with demonstration of success

Crop typeCrop vegetation statusAg land use change

Expected Achievements by 2015• Examples of Phase 1 Implementation of G20 GEOGLAM


areas (w. CEOS and private industry)– Ensure satellite data continuity for agricultural monitoring and

near real-time data (e.g. VIIRS, Sentinel 2, LDCM, Alos 2, Radarsat Constellation, Merged LDCM/Sentinel 2 Products, GPM, SMOS, SMAP)

– Improved data and products for global ag. monitoring– Improved distribution of and access to African Raingauge data– Targeted enhanced national capacity for use of EO (Crop

Producer Countries and Countries at Risk w. FAO)–

Improved Data and Products for Global Monitoring : Cropland Mapping and Monitoring (lead: S. Fritz, IIASA - IFPRI)

• 2/2012 Target: IASSA V1 Data Ready for Distribution

• 2015 Targets – Transition research

methods for crop mapping to operational domain / status

– Refine Global 30m Products for Cropland Class (work with SBA 02 Land Cover Task )

Examples of Research to Operations

Coarse Resolution Global Crop Likelihood– 250m

Hansen et al. SDSU

Crop Type Mapping – AWIFS, MODIS, Landsat for Corn 2007

Global Agricultural Drought Monitoring (Lead: Wu Bingfang IRSA)

• 2015 Targets – Global monitoring of

agricultural drought anomalies

• Work with Water Task WA01 on data needs

2012 Target: GEOSS Workshop on Agricultural Drought and Water Resources,October 24-26, 2012, Beijing, China (http://www.cropwatch.com.cn)

Following inputs are needed from WA 01 to successfully

implement the assessment of drought impacts on crop

production• Terrestrial water distribution (Rivers/ lakes/ reservoirs/

underground water)

• Precipitation (Gridded as well as station based data)

• Snow pack and melt (Gridded as well as station based data)

• Soil moisture (Gridded as well as station based data)

• Evapo-transpiration (ET) (Gridded as well as station based

data)

Data Input Requirements for Agricultural Drought Monitoring



areas (w. CEOS and private industry)– Strengthen satellite data continuity for agricultural monitoring

and near real-time data (e.g. VIIRS, Sentinel 2, LDCM, Alos 2, Radarsat Constellation, Merged LDCM/Sentinel 2 Products)

– Improved data and products for global ag. monitoring– Improved distribution of and access to African raingauge

data – Targeted enhanced national capacity for use of EO (Crop

Producer Countries and Countries at Risk w. FAO )–

Improved availability of African Rainfall Station Data (Lead: J. Camacho, WMO)

Systematic sample on the 1st, 11th, and 21st of month

Of the 1232 GTS stations in Africa:25% missed one or zero reports

40% did not report on any of the 36 days of the sample

2015 Target

• WMO coordination of climate data management, data rescue to activate existing stations and add additional sites to the GTS Reporting

Need near term targets


– Coordinated crop forecast assessments (w. AMIS)

– Coordinated ‘operational’ satellite acquisition for agricultural areas (w. CEOS and private industry)

– Strengthen satellite data continuity for agricultural monitoring and near real-time data (e.g. VIIRS, Sentinel 2, LDCM, Alos 2, Radarsat Constellation, Merged LDCM/Sentinel 2 Products)

– Improved data and products for global ag. monitoring

– Improved distribution of and access to African raingauge data

– Targeted enhanced national capacity for use of EO -Crop Producer Countries and Countries at Risk(w FAO)

Countries producing over 80% of global cropsFocus on improved access to and use of EO

Percent of Population by Country with Insufficient FoodUN FAO 2003-2005

Expected Achievements by 2015

Task Components1. Complete Phase 1 Implementation of G20 GEOGLAM (GEO

Global Agricultural Monitoring)

2. Complete Phase 1 of the Joint Experiments on Crop Assessment and Monitoring (JECAM)

Task Cross Cutting Elements (from Ag 0703) – will be incorporated in GEOGLAM

• Coordinated Data Initiatives for Global Agricultural Monitoring (CDIGAM).

• Community of Practice Thematic and Regional strategic workshops (GLAMSS)

• A network of distributed regional experiments on cropland pilot sites around the world representing a range of agricultural systems (new sites can be considered)

• Shared time-series datasets from a variety of earth observing satellites and in-situ data and assess them for agricultural assessment and monitoring

• Facilitated inter-comparison of monitoring and modeling methods, product accuracy assessments, data fusion and product integration, for agricultural monitoring

• Development of community standards and protocols for monitoring in the framework of GEOGLAM

Sentinel 2 Symposium, JECAM Side Event

http://www.jecam.org/

General JECAM Site Characteristics:

• JECAM sites are relatively small, well defined geographic areas • Experiments span 3-5 years (allowing for repeat testing of methods) • JECAM usually leverages existing research initiatives within countries. • Due to ecosystem differences the experiments will test a variety of techniques

incorporating a wide range of optical and radar data sets• In-situ data and satellite data can be shared between experimental sites for

collaborative research• JECAM sites are looking at a common range of monitoring needs over a very

diverse range of landscape conditions and cropping systems. Including:– Crop identification and acreage estimation – Yield prediction– Near Real Time Crop condition \ Crop stress – Land management – Soil moisture Sentinel 2 Symposium, JECAM Side Event


Cropping systems are inherently diverse which dictates the monitoring observations and methods

• JECAM activities are being undertaken at a series of study sitesseries of study sites which represent the world’s main cropping systems and agricultural practices.

• 15 sites currently exist ( 1 in development). Additional sites will be added to meet science objectives and ensure all major crop systems are addressed.

Mali site in development


Optical Data•Aqua•Terra

•Landsat 5•Landsat 7•MNP EO-1

•ResourceSat 1•ResourceSat 2

•THEOS•DMCii

•QuickBird•Worldview-1•Worldview-2

Radar Data•Radarsat 1•Radarsat 2•TerraSARX

•Envisat•ERS-2

Passive Radar•Aqua•SMOS

CEOS-JECAM Satellite Data Acquisition and Access


New initiatives (contributions) and targets being developed within the framework of GEOGLAM

• Asia Rice Monitoring (Shin-ichi Sobue, JAXA, Japan ) • Coming FP7 Call which will inc. GEOGLAM (EC) • Sentinel 2 / LDCM Merged Agricultural Product Stream

(NASA/USGS/ESA/EC) – early discussion underway• Pasture Productivity Monitoring (CSIRO, Australia) – TBD • Regional Capacity Building and Training (NEOSS, South

Africa) - TBD

Suggestions for Assessing Progress against GEOSS Targets

• 2013/14 - Task Ag 01 GEOGLAM Symposium ?

Example Issues (key impediments/potential obstacles to progress)

• Need funding commitment for GEOGLAM Project Office (primary role of coordination, fund raising and progress reporting )

• Data Facilitation – Need WMO to help secure African additional rain

gauge data for food insecure regions– USGS to give a high priority to LDCM Agricultural

growing season acquisitions – Commitment from EC/ESA for Sentinel 2 NRT

provision for Agricultural regions

Linkages with other Tasks; Opportunities for Collaboration; Past and Expected Benefits of Collaboration within and across Tasks

Linkages needed between Task A01 and:• Task SB 03 Global Forest Observation initiative on

CEOS acquisition planning coordination• Task WA01 Integrated Water Info. for global data

inputs for Agricultural Drought monitoring • Task SB 02 Global Land Cover Task for refined

global 30m Cropland Mapping

Recommendations for Accelerating Work Plan Implementation

• Expanded National Participation in and Funding for GEOGLAM Implementation by Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa (concrete BRICS and mortar)– Russia / FSU workshop w. Russian Min of Ag. (2013?)

• Funding for targeted national capacity building initiatives to incorporate EO in national agric. Monitoring

• Producer countries (e.g. Argentina, Ukraine, Brazil) • Countries at risk (focus on Africa, South Asia, etc )

• Funding for African JECAM Site development and workshops

Ways of Extending Task Participation to Wider (representative) Communities

• Continued Support for Thematic and Regional CoP Workshops (these are open meetings) and support for developing country participation

• Upcoming opportunities: – Regional South America Workshop and JECAM

Meeting (Argentina, Sept. 2012) – Global Drought Monitoring (IRSA, Beijing, Oct

2012)

ALL ARE WELCOME

THANK YOU

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