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THE

JEWISH QUARTERLY

REVIEW

APRIL, 1904

GENIZA - FRAGMENTS. AMONG the many riddles which the Genizah offers, the

Gnomic fragment reproduced in the following pages was among the first which caught my eye. The fragment has a peculiar pathetic connexion with the name of David Kaufmann, to whose memory it is herewith dedicated. For it was one of the first finds in the Genizah, and seeing that it contains, as will be noted, a reference to the five senses as the " five gates of Wisdom," I made a mental note at once to consult his monograph Die Sinne, when again within the reach of books. As a matter of fact he was constantly before my eyes during my whole stay in Cairo, from which place I sent to him the message of the success of my mission. As the finds increased, and with them the difficulties, the oftener my thoughts turned to him as the last resort for advice and instruction, especially in the branches of fiction and philosophy. It was also my- and I may say his-most cherished wish that we should do a certain portion of the Genizah work together. A mysterious Providence willed it otherwise; and on July II, 1899, the great, good, beloved David Kaufmann was removed from us suddenly by death, and all these plans were shattered. And so may the following speci-

VOL. XVI. r f

THE JEWISH QUARTERLY REVIEW

men, which, had he been spared to us, would have been edited by him, or at least under his guidance and by his assistance, be offered here as a token of love and devotion to the memory of one, "who shall surely live 1"

1. GNOMIC.

Fragment I consists of seven leaves (19-5 x I74 cm.), and is written in square characters by an oriental hand, probably not later than the twelfth century. The MS., deposited in the Library of the Jewish Theological Seminary of America, is written in two columns, each page having eighteen lines, except pp. vi and xi, and is also provided with the superlinear punctuation The upper-stroke of the 5 on the first lines is as a rule very long, measuring sometimes almost 1I5 cm. Now and then we find a gloss or a self-correction by the scribe. The different leaves were found at long intervals, and their present sequence was mainly concluded from the set of marks left on the paper, when they still formed a book.

Leaf I, having been exposed more than the rest, suffered badly, and is mostly illegible, whilst leaf 8 was torn off. The contents of this MS. are of a gnomic and didactic nature. The author, as will be seen from the notes, draws a great deal both on the Bible and on the Talmud. Some verses are even nothing more than a sort of paraphrase of corresponding Biblical passages. But his mixed voca- bulary, and such references to the five senses as we have on pp. vi and vii, show distinctly that our author's sources were not confined to Hebrew originals. He evidently belonged to that class of Jewish authors, who were more or less acquainted with Greek philosophy (through the

1 The first of these fragments was destined to form a part of the Kaufmann Gedenkbuch, published by Drs. Brann and Rosenthal, but the MS. was misplaced, and not found till lately. My feeling of loyalty towards my late friend does not allow me to cancel the matter in the Introduction relating to him.

426

GENIZAH FRAGMENTS

medium of the Arabic), and perhaps even engaged in coining new philosophical terms .

The text with which we have to deal offers many obscure passages; others again are disfigured by clerical errors. On the whole our text seems to represent a praise of Wisdom, which the author, after the manner of Ben Sira and the Rabbis, already identifies with the Torah. But, like the former, he seems to consider that the gift of Wisdom to man has the consequence of making him a free agent and responsible for his actions. Hence his dwelling so often on the doctrine of free will2

The riddle of this text consists in the difficulty with which we are met when trying to identify it with any literary product known to us. In this respect all my efforts till now have been in vain; nor was I able to fix on any Jewish writer to whom it could be attributed with any degree of probability. One naturally thinks of the "Men of Africa" who are credited by R. Saadyah with having composed a book divided into verses and provided with accents 3. Now the accents may have been omitted by our scribe. But nothing is at present known of the contents of that book, by which it could be identified. There is also the objection, that whilst the men of Africa

1 Of strange words and unusual expressions the following should be specially noticed :-

15 53 (i. ro). m n5io (i. ri). 51 niwn (ii. 2 and viii. 16). rryi nai (ii. 6). nawrn 5s5 (ii. 15). lpvn mn (iii. a). pnnnm p i5 nwn (iii. 7 and x. 8). msn 5r: (iii. I9). lmnlio (iv. 9). rnT3' (iv. 14), rn rn (v. I and 9). D,S (v. 5). ,DEw (v. I2). npn (i (vi. 7). rtn (vi 8). nnpr (vi. ro). mrn (vi. a1). .otn ,wirnn (vi. I5). wevu n,nn z :n" n ri: (vi. x6). Olr ttOV (vi. 17). ,pimryan (vii. 8). nrb':m (vii. 17 and viii. xl). mi nnro (viii. 3). 5rip-i 3 (ix. 7). mrn :77 n (x. 9). M n6rr3 (x. 15). mnwm (i. I). mD1sY um (xi. 2). Dm,r nN (xi. rI2). mn mrn (xii. 17). -T DWM5 (xii, 18). n5i nimwrn (xiv. 14). a.n n,lnn (xiv. 17). See also the references to philosophic and Rabbinic literature in the notes.

2 See Ecclus. xv, the whole chapter, and cf. this text, iv and vii. 3 See A. Harkavy's edition of the izrn 'D (in his Studien und Mittheilungen,

V. Theil), pp. I50 and o09 sq. See also Essays on the Writings of Abraham ubn Ezra by Dr. M. Friedlander, vol. IV, p. i86, n. I, about npn, ,o>n.

F f

427


seem to have had some Christian model1 for their com- position, there is nothing in our text to suggest a Christian origin. The polemic on ii. 8- I, against those who forget Jerusalem, points in some way to a Karaitic authorship 2, but it is not clear what is meant by in4: nnw3 (ibid., 1. 8 and xi. 8), whilst there is also the difficulty that the author certainly used a good deal of Rabbinical matter. I must thus leave the bibliographical problem an open question, whilst awaiting anxiously a satisfactory solution.

I must also remark that since the above was written, there has been published by Dr. Harkavy, in the Haqmizrach, 1903, a page from the Genizah which undoubtedly formed a part of our MS. Its contents are very interesting, and so are the notes given to it by Elijah Halevi Gabrielow. I am unable to reproduce its contents here, but must recommend it to the student as a most important contribution to our text.

See Harkavy as above, p. I50. 2 See 'wrn 5t?.i, p. 90 b and pp. 93 a-95 a.

428

GENIZAIH FRAGMENTS

i.

' ' 9 ' n,] WVIF' I : .. . ' ' ". q ' lt t.' l

: v nmw t r nn S itini 9 , * i n1?

*:D TZ *o o n2il

Iee Po D x i..

: : 11i ( n 1 I

I 12 KSvD N nnpiN

: 'P X V * . .2 4: * , . , .

1 See Prov. xvi. 22. 9 Perhaps allusion to Yoma, 4 See Prov. xxv. 2.

p&< nlU11wt "D "IF IB PN' n?n p n 4 no lm=

INN tID 6 rL5 5sir bF58D: nlKn }t Dil nDnw

,nlS^ nnDw l^Is m1DI 5 niDfI n'l1'y t1::1 I'1D:

gy se nPlsln vI 4 sD ina ^ Enw

,nn 1nn fS ma:

niD n5SI5 nti;l rv IM

nnwv lino nn nzn m:

See Ps. ^-Iv 15.

nDI pitn bc^S 1183

See Ps. xv. I4. 76 b, Genesis Rabbah, 15, ? 7.

429


1.* I1l.

: Dr !~. ,r '~ n'1 r ' ' 3 1

3: :n:P 'ln '1vr :; y nRn 'l'n RS

: 3mI viK r1 'i ni'-rN , 'n t2

:H"I$N1 Him Mn rz'w

8::S S^y aS?r1 nnr9Mi

:3:nlKn &nn 135wn1 ,1:

GENIZAH FRAGMENTS

111.

: mnnmn m5sr W m : n nw rYwr , y1 nrn,

:n'nophl nino ni3"i3i 4nc lennn o5IX.

'See Aboth, tT, b'9

; :n,l nnti ) nwn

1 See Rab. DiCt. S.v. ns.v and nms. " Ecoles. ix. 7. 4 See AboIth, V, 1.

ma6i m rln rr 3'3' Iry nwi n* n nsmt

rnllKl= Zll" ti ,^,n

I' "nl nin 4D1 it

1nXni n:3bn 1w InKn I\^ pn n3wv nmwn? 3 innn

nm~n mvs n 3 ns ntn D^n s PW ? nn it

mn 5an nSmyn 3 ':3 5 bly 1n131 :WyMI n315

;1Dt *15 :lRlK n3n

3 Ps. xvi. i. 5 Isa. xxviii. i.

6 Perhaps in the same sense Irno ?1 nal nStn 5P nv. Cf. Rab. Dict. s. v. nD. See also below, xii. 17.

7 See Pesachin, 66b. 8 See Habakuk ii. 15. 9 This hemistich has no punctuation. 10 See Prov. xi. 4. ,, See Eccles. ii. 13. 12 See i Sam. ii. 7, 8, and cf. also Ecclus. xi. 14. 13 See ibid. xii. I2. 14 See Aboth c(' R. Nathan, I, 41 beginning.

431


iv.

: Di, 1y ' wn"

2Seeelo Kvi1 bi~, nz;w vii z

See5 Da. xii . D

hap shy u rens

:nlwyS nsw1 pn iD l|D

8 y 'jvv 5$vi :rn nnr5^ rw}

Jflv rS ini a

: iwro lnsSya nmluD 1 See below, vi. 12, 14; vii. 13. 2 See Jer. ii. 39. 4 See Dan. xii. 3. a See Ps. xxxvi. 4. 8 Perhaps we should read inwnN.

^33 I 1npoDnm 6vy Npoy rKme' M pi n ninn

nnlt i .l 3wn. no9 ,n ten3rD iv. n3, D 5 inln ? rim 1n *vn K

r( nKa p'?rtnDn 5y 71*

* 57r

g

n Se M tia yv snr . 1

m4t4 S n1 s 5? 55n,w3 -I iK ti t1K

i 1i l 1iii. 39: . i- f

3 See Micah vi. 5. 5 Punctuated rin. T Lam. iii. 39.

See also Ecclus. iv. 39,29 '"10r Ilm. 9 See, however, below, vii. I7 and v. ix, where it reads nris5. More

common is nsr, cf. Emunah Bamah, p. 93.

432

GENTZAH FRAGMENTS

V.

: NW Dt rrol nt ^

: :'2 nnl : l :: * 29^ 5nV? h9 y nss : I::1 l ::'t/ b::'

: D''y "?3p 5s r g.: nI::l

: lD ,n ..%: ' n min, ,

*ntn 6&Vu epy wn

bt5lyn Nmyn inD :nn tl1yn ^n ^=

:s^1n k^K nn SI? :Dn D Slcn3 nDwF 'S :nn nim son D z

10, 5EE i jr 5K' 1 Proe. iii. I3. 5 See Ps. xxvi. 4.

2 See Ps. i. 2.

bn5 nv nNrvnnV tVnw

3l s nwn n rm & Wav

, n=5n non Yf n b1 l

11 3V S v W y 1nlDY

7ivmn .ni .ol3n niD t


vi.

: : 18X ' ' v' ' iD ": 'ID "nnsn tC nl:,inh

a: Ss" n W D WK

: n1nDK:1 8z nypN-

:lnnnK qlD nDw5 *5i

3 r :4wn2N i Kn5 rnn

:n3t:mn , 31D 5n1nDw py1 : ln:w 5: tn'

: ;01 n113 nrs=

8 ntlDn jo nn^n n^3 ; 7npn) ')n:3 ,r3n

m'n3m 9 nm ID= Do tZ

: 1n30 D5DD ^W31n n"nni : n.ns wwr nwm n^i * M%%%VM PuV )I t)t!DN M SI

: taw1 Qnn rJ3S 513

:tyi3r3 ?r31 ^W^ yh

:3 iSmn4 n=31 aM t3 1Dn 11 np nwy5ll

5:3 K .im. pINS3 '

m,nm~, m~'5 nC 59 I 5:5 WK&3 - n,8 PID '3

Wl:nt ,1n:3n3 nl:pn n51K n-51n 4"Dt3ni nanll

*X13 nllan T5wD ntlIn n3)D ,133 65pip %%5 5T:: nnp mD 1o

6 tnl lonn n,D&< 1r3

n3Y b&^o nlnY )n3 7j;i; ,mnn ,nD3n3 nli35 53

wnoD ^ 1^, t3rn w5nn 15 1L^y 5 S s5 nm nn3

r:nt l^ 7nn "niS r QnDW 1n"5 nt 5 II-mtn

Gen. xlix. 21. a Dan. viii. 4. s Mal. iii. I6. The word is punctuated ';ndb~1. Perhaps we should read nnrin.

5 The meaning of the word is not clear to me. Perhaps it is a noun = irnr. The punctuation is cinft.

6 Eccles. x. o1. 7 The dots indicate that the word has to be cancelled. 8 See above, iv. I. 9 Perhaps we should read nrun. 10 Read snwi. Xt Read nm,S. See Kaufmann, Die Sinne, p. 44, Anm. 23, and nrri 'c,

v. . Cf. also 36, the quotation from Dunash b. Tamim, who speaks of the 1pvml nwrunr woan which may perhaps account for the D,5' 1[ni in our text.

434

GENTZAH FRAGMENTS 435

vii.

:ni'n Jr 1 n(1 - t{ 1 ?I w'nry i'in 3n : ,nD^n 788 KID: M bi:: Q^ns^n iD3 Qn' 1 ci^yw ,nsyn :

;?iW p n ,&<

,* - ?^ n pnn wr

p*? K5fli i ^l?

: rinvpa 5:4 : WJ vOfnnl e

p:n1?^I nn^pa ny7 ^

:,?tn^n T3g PC'D

,jK'1 lwn Q'5'1K ni)pn 8 r5 :5 p' nis #V15 2n tr3 n InY5 44 15 yan3 ti vmp

;n QWE 353 nD:n I1nn

rnyi nfwnD l S3 D3i3'W nwDn 5 ran ni ninn n5

,n3n jn z bWi

n^^o ' ny?15 5:%t Yan1t DI 0o p3) D 13^ t3K &&

bs'N' nDrn 5n v tu nan tinK S s

6iry^?5 Fn fSn ?inn 15 7 nnwi Jz y mi p 1^ nM5nI

cnso Z n3 n!5? yan Y-1 N51 :E1 trut r-nnt bK

1 See Kaufmann, Die Sinne, pp. 82, 83, Anm. 97; p. 46, Anm. 31; p. 84, Anm. 104.

2 Ps. xlix. 2I. See DrnE in Pinsker's p", pp. 8 and 9. s Job xxxix. 17. 4 See Ps. xlix. io. 5 Meaning obscure. 6 See Prov. xvi. 22. 7 Ibid. x. 28. 8 See above, iv. 4.

THE JEWISH QUARTERLY REkVIEW

viii.

: fi: *' * * * * b:

:,r I nnD n?5or= nY i ,"3^1 ng"i 81D1? n'nnK

: 2m n^ n t ir nt

:DP n^ tnn1 p&s ^n

6ng 3n1 tln niK 'it : t1)= ni in ;n

:?^53 Sg n^nwn ni3n

:npin I=ns non

: 8wy n: n ?n 'iDn D s:71i nNpi ny^n l,K1WN 1

anw 561 ymn lo

nnn l Pn nisn J*t inp ,=n wnn , zn1n ' nln

maDin ny15

1s1 nis ,nDmn nTO q1D 5

i^Swn ,QpU ahyn , ^ Kn 10

rh ynnn b N I nrin nnion ubwn ptv

zniw p^nio Dwmz- '*f

I Marginal gloss reads nr,vr whilst the dots on the vtrn show probably that it is cancelled.

E Eccles. xii. 13. s Prov. x. 2. 4 Ps. cxv. 5. 5 Isa. xliv. I8. 6 Eccles. i. 3. ' Prov. xxi. 21. 8 See Ps. xxiv. 5.

436

GENTZAH FRAGMENTS

1x.

1: m nin: w tp3 2:11C JWT? nnK D:n nFw:lr

:i pfY 'Y y btl

: ,t n1 n 'W n 5 tt? trni QK no

:n^ bfw D^D3 8n : ti'o fD ? n1 ani

6 n:w .ir;: D lD

:an: cn n InDI : tpn ii? j n,S KWr

13 81= :a^D n3i

i Wtp3D Kn' rn N"1

nn ,M: ninn

3^1* p^28 *D I^^ ^3D 5

nmvgi nmnma i5) Q^fi< ^^ ^3 nK: nD3n :

4nSS DW Ki ,n5 n1= IO ny* i^s nsDnn 1n"W1'm 21D Int

1n:' ninzin *ion FF noK^ ^n3n nDID :n6sw 15

n.Dn M IW2 5K nnn 12 310o Kmo1 inon Kmv

t16 N^ MTr

1 See Ps. xvi. z. The following word is cancelled as indicated by the dots.

2 Ps. cxi. Io. 2 Abothf II, 2. 4 Prov. x. 30, 5 Isa. lv . . Prov. x. i4. 7

. x 2 8 Ibid. . 27 Ibid iii. i8. 9 Ibid. xiii. I9 and xv. io. 10 Ibid. xv. 33 and xvi. 22. The first word in this line is cancelled. 11 See Eccles. ii. 26 and Ecclus. xi. 15. 12 See Prov. xvi. II '3 Ibid. xxv. 8 and xx. 3.

437


X.

1:,Fm nn?V KS mnwn 58Kl :: aS nnbs zn z 13 nwI

rrD mN5 lr' in -Inb

3i niDi D^n am5v1 ninyzi : nimiri lsm' nanDrv

4: pnnno i m5 nwnIn :nniKn D3 twn n1rn3i

: *inni tyIny I1" :,' n~ nsn tU WD 81513

:?wKir !nDn (5yl? pr5

.1'8=* Dnln pS:D'I

6:n zn gn DS nn,n Kt,n 7: mi riE n3 i D

:rnrDrlr tp3 pirw p

InZ"n nnM ra:n N

W3V n.rSD 13:' nrin

bt mi S l'w= ,n nsnD tbIEI'"1 {t"R b"~r:l ti,nzwnn ? lDrn nI'Y" nR.,nD 5

DnnNs intn nI3anD

, n'm nnD aSw j,n ren ,nj3in ny ^n w, t10: IO

f5l NIIn n in nsnn SimMn 1T?WD1 18 ,nasD 15

nhb ipr3, Yrn? K ;n^nV nmSK 55n rn nFY nXn S*DO1 pnw:

I See Prov. xxxi. 26 and xxiv. 7. The latter suggests ntwz for utta. 2 Meaning obscure, both of this and the next line. The "nrl in the

second hemistich suggests the reading n?nn for rn,in, whilst ia) (punctuated lai3) may be a corruption of nmr3.

3 See Prov. xii . 5. See above, iii. 7. 5 See Prov. xxi. 14. 6 See Prov. xviii. a. 7 Ps. xlix. 13.

438

GENIZAH FRAGMENTS

xi.

:Ennznn n?3n motn : &nn3v s13 &bw Da

: ,1 ?K p^ t& n31 Y :llKn *nnwn D^am

;nDn33 D1*W:D SI

* t1;?9' 3 zpy a'r mD :immm tJ'(y v n4m

^^1j nnisD, nrwn DWsI in ^ n m pyi t:)

2 nm rI nn IVy3 O&N DZ : l 9,1 n pnl :'

:,} Dnfl w rl p5n1

;innDn nrwya tlK 5 : inpn in nn nv

: 4D1D S3 ns 103 5pnF nN a n p

:w5Yyxn b-t: n5lm

1 See Eocles. ii. 14.

nwn N:wv3 n'*s5l nzvnn] Dntown wyn's Don

rm3n ny75 bszfr wm^ bl9t iTnln i n& b15t'IN

1' nm 3i D:.?: D'"18 5 enn zn, iy:m w5v *w nNn* n

c D? n13y bl^'Im 2ninAla n5iK F nwMln y: nzns b5y ^rlyyn

n-izn 5apD ron INN ?tiz IO D*W s n3n ln 1' ,iK 1

:ynr S6^y nitn in w: *V o 4 m1iACN nil D=n Vw sN

Iy i Dn K:p: mi

nzw rN S^Y S53 nIn p' Ki nyn m5 iyal

Ninzm nspn nyg3 mpn 6uip IN^ nnz

2 See Prov. xvi. 5 and above, ii. 8. 3 The n of nnr can also be taken as a u. ' The last letter can also be read as a Daleth. The word has no

punctuation. 5 The word is punctuated ai.

439


xii.

1 ,nnW i,1 : 3nhn^ MD:n r

11n nn r1o:n mt :*h.Wl siNn: &pDy nVr

: piu taaD 5g n:ypin 2 Ist N5g m 13w 5

: &mn vh,e &Pan D^HI

: nW 19 }D^ mi5

IDlD Y[i1io] â^ opm " in n n15 y Wss^

: nDm rniCn D'^'mI nn^wnn : ,1yStl niSwn nisyi ,n;m

:n1n1 n115Mw DI : bapr nwî DnbnK

: D^PDy rllW DÔ t3

1 See Job vi. 3. 3 This word is cancelled in the ME 5 See Ez. xxxiii. 3i.

nmSv noinn "tzn nrmn

r^n an^ nt V tnK 5 asPW Dt5*ls nayin

nina3 M 'n n' r nn=w

vrS* nt3rn rtnn rnmn

niar ?,^5 n nn y ry inlim na mnin

2 See Prov. iv. I6. 3. 4 See Prov. xxvi. II.

?

440

GENTZAHT FRAGMENTS

xiii.

* n 5 ** ' * n* ' i

:' " ' '''"' ' 1

: D:ln g "D l ='l

:n,55~ym t:5,t: niSv t0

,W, SKD Iln1m

: :n n1 VI nn ;nt

: n w "i I

:;mpn iS w nn Tn

nZn mf' N) ' ' '

fniKn l n11 * '

mpn bn^ wnnmD - s

m-11namnl' n4 * 9

pn ^ ' 9,

5

""" N"IN * ' *

'" " n *'l' ' ' ' 10

. pnP1n ' ' ''

INSmi1 tnz nnD :110

11 K1N * 935 * '

1no"n tDnt3 1' ,"n nID n'Dn Sty ' n * n ;

VOL. XVI.

44T

Gg


xiv.

C? * * * ? * * K

+,~ ?"y lnp:w

: * + y wpl : '' ' ' ' 'I3 ' '81y

;''' ' ''' ~ np'

:' ' ' ++ + n, nI

?n*' 3D n'n :'' ' ' ' 'v~, ,15

.:' ' 5 Fi tnni n ln e.. $, wme, n~ni

* 1 : .....'

IWnr: Y y6 p n nIII

"lfm ni i" 1 ,"DlnCn ,:nD" 5.n pom 5D pmo n D=n 5

js^vz 5NYw nb vin ns2n lwDz ny ' f + 3nK 1si^

pun nmn3 ,nSK nynr IO n,an wtip a^n p 5y

^a3 yp: KS 3^D an :

=mr n n n^naD Dy niinw3y "nTnnf pD1pl pwly t3 15

np^rD S:D PA,n nrnn Fiw: SXs lS q1ii nnSn

1 i Sam. ii. 5. 2 See Ps. lxxxv. 14. 3 Prov. xxix. 3. " See Aboth, II, 7. 5 See Pirke Aboth, ed. Taylor, Heb. text, IV,

14, and of. also Ecclus. xxxviii. 24. 6 Cf. Aboth, IV, I. Of course we must read r,:ann.5 i'.

442

GENIZAH FRAGMENTS 443

II. HALAKHIC.

MS. Cambridge, paper, containing two leaves, and representing a fragment of the Mechilta of R. Simon b. Jochai. The existence of such a Mechilta, known to some of the earlier authorities, of which many extracts are given by the compiler of the Midrash Haggadol, is proved beyond doubt . But we now have a portion of this Mechilta coming directly from the book itself and giving us some insight into the economy and arrangement of this old Mid- rash 2. I have provided it with a few notes and references to the cognate literature which may prove helpful to the student in places where the text is in rather a corrupt state.

T'3- I nybtiS '` 1 'f..l q.. InlK n .i l b5 tIn DbtS . i a :lrt pnrrS 1. i n1MiN t1'.3 ,':: 51 n rn5n w: .l nn '"w iV w1.t

See FriedmannI IP rI dDn 51n 'is 13D t io o nDn eio,n Kt. xlix se.; 3leditnn K'I n the eb . periodical Happele, I -IV. The cn ent -of our frag ment coresond in prts wit n app III, pp. 158 n1, K3 15 tW2 Anotr :frag t ofp thl pi ta i to b n d in nOxford MS. He Kb v::V K1rw: pI'D nS= S1 y S

444 THE JEWISH QUARTERLY REJVIiW

s ,1 ^il nK 1ee id hi', 'Iin 1K mir b,m inin K K .

I o 13 e 3 ' Kmla tal,51 wr y e1 rt lInD tne nlt u iany nf y m pn

n3 fVl n DvtD M1;Ip n lK ' Iny m1pn 41 ' 2K flr 1.in t

c5 orpn te arn gunt nicod have r en m ade much simpler: ,i ny r nst Hin* ip R3 n,pD n,y rzwp. nKCf. Mehilta, 7n p nb np t :o thi

Se'D eer nnK5 n! n r n Mechia, n w77 a; MH. in ' . ZnDn VN C:w '1K 9Ryio 'n 41U! nK m1=n YtK i l ni ns

20 5 Mecn yhit npibid.; ntifs iS bnl and id , n2 a.n W See Kiy dushin,y n i 5n wwemi, ibid. 5 a, and Snifr, 99

K%nr p 'K,W Kin iyn IN 'm*nC, 14nK 15l 13: : -1a K,lil 1i61h nr:tn Fny tlyS lI5nir nlYn rnKo lnK p 9m inm ti5i IrmW onK m " 1mn , y1, o spli n3w115a m inn -inN n 3^ nriys

25 6s InDK" "WV y nay 51 Ip-iaD jin ji U nr m3

lVtS .in 12t ,n15 'iN8 i^t< p -tZm 7b i nw^ In st Ni 1INe 2 a 8 jItStW n ^w y } nn 3 ,rn J ttK 1:5_ nzn1 5, nmnn 15oDl Ny=a ,: intDW 13tr 9i ;1! nilna ) nn tp' i i Ktg5K iN t5b '5 r p &

GENTZAT FRAGMENTS 445 }tv nnrp gnno ,vn D ' rK i in'ln r m -n n EF i n:n nnpk

V 5Y VnN' jiflp - r 1mN np sK nt qtD noD wwy -1 Kn1 mp Klnn 35

#n wrw t fw l mvrp Knn tS6 p1t f N 1t: ru mlp K,iw, )I TW See Kit us pSib n(ip and Fy nushmi) n and Mechilta, 77 b

The wholen n tt assae ss top wbe corrup1 nd might phs be weendd in tKhe fol ting wa: wnwi n ww 5y m'n[ niw'p c n41 40 ynvirW m51y 13 1 5Sfl1 v'ay l 3 l, t ruin 5:I'w 5ru,1 kui' ySin nit :p -1nWDi nK nS. the lt In Drasha cf. nsfr, 99 b n ote 1D4 See nK WSK 73D11 a '3pa 2n1W nlrg1 y5, DS fi SA l5nS Dn nK ;Sn5 np3, rn .n ,n r "in,n n ,V mr. es theKI 'W in noS =n

nmea nosn r bo133 -re= z :ln t: a,Y s Yn n nnia:n45 inimW nin nwm aIi n=n mwOr nn D 3 n=in SI 51ru mnnnr ?NSKO nnD 1S= t n2m n:Y1J:= nrn n1.1a3 StWK RD2p nJIM= &N ;n, nniK nanzz orn ng y n i nnD 4,n zn n n:?J nn r z

1 See Kiddushin, ibid. (Babli and Jerushalmi) and Mechilta, 77 b. 2 The whole passage seems to be corrupt and might perhaps be

emended in the following way: ;rmmw ti N5 mn im 5n Pnt qjt 'n DhZ, z'iar rn *v ,T 5. t n1 r1ipmr w?n:1 n zp rm ww In .nm 1'rp Iw nDm mn I'm rtD:r3 w tr h ?nn r; kloi nn fw nrips^ i^';p *p ?i 1S S'? n n Yn p15 nrtp wmnv

nn nsZip V1143W1 rp Nj p nlp vsvw rn imrw w^ nn vn np 1 p15 nmip wnm MnI? ID3 Dm nml RI. I'?ll ba mwsr w2s1 knn k4? SIns .ob3sY 1na= 5n 1w r qPDo: "nmin D mS b5 Hav1 mm ri i 1l Pt w13'Wip 'W nynn 21t^ :1I p21 5 rinp omn th35 nai1 5n W 5v vnn nnp rwnsiv Mtn wD Ss n' Snip 1nvo

'ti1 inim 5m t'w. For the last Derasha cf. Sifre, 99ggb, Vo note I4. See also Mechilta, 77b.

3 Read ;nsy. * Supply nim. See Mechilta, ibid., but this does not really corre-

spond with our text. MH. to this verse i5 ;1 oD ':, w *o wvM -inn t n1 in n ryw= nrHam wnn nwwrn wq 51> lmnla 1:nI wo11N4t n5tn "n3am n3nn

rpio n nis n -i nirn trw n vn n nn?4 tinani nw O Perhaps the nyani means both rtrsy nma and r'ra nyaa.


III.

t311%1 Nn^"=

MS. Oxford Heb. c i8, two leaves, vellum, representing an ancient Tannaitic Midrash . This MS., to which Prof. Dr. Biichler kindly drew my attention some years ago, and of which he prepared a copy for me, seems to form a portion of a Mechilta to the book of Deuteronomy. The text is unfortunately very corrupt. It seems also to be defective in parts2. But, with all its shortcomings, the fragment throws so much light on the question of the old Tannaitic expositions of the Scripture, and gives so much that is fresh and even startling, that its contents will, I am certain, prove very interesting and instructive to students. In my notes I have attempted to elucidate obscure passages, and to give the necessary references. But the difficulties are so many and so great that my comments must only be considered as tentative and of a preliminary nature.

i t51in V w' il n P il W p Ily ti i' Nn ro11 ,6 g a ji nrjVy rim inpri pTV wi1 Io -In r vy r mm P mi il tZ,lnSf n - lIII -I17 mFX i rh^ 4. rv55 t!n3 w KInn 1i D 11 r ts 5S:a~ firs r6v vzlt r%K rtin: + 3 r sS tnS 5m!l wi n nl. nvz

5 pt ,IC 4:^n'1:n MD: nnn C) np) wll: .ip2nil 6lVS1^i ii3p nl nlirn, 5:5 rnnn wnn n,nDw r,t ns,n r,a ,s3 ,M nn i n ti~ ain n1'5y 13.5 0iDtn ?n 5w n3 MMINK bIDN mVI w ybIt t j5K ty

1 See Supplement referred to above, p. 30, No. 2634, 3, where it is erroneously described as Sifre.

2 See Hoffmann, anS,n ,mjh in the Hildesheimer Jubelschrift, p. 83 seq. (German), and p. i seq. (Hebrew) and his nripS nin 'p: and the references given there.

3 See Sifre (ed. Friedmann), p. 91 b, and note 9 in fn. It is apparent that the text to this and the next two paragraphs was Deut. xi. 31 n1a Dna,i Dntnw. The words rrn nat are probably a corruption of

See Kethuboth, nIo b, and Aboth d' R. Nathan, I, 41 b.

446

GENTZA H FRAGMENTS 447

5YvR nlwvi nDwn -is n DW mp n nvpinn n n mn sDx ,iS l:in nD 1s ii n R ;n ,n nn w n c,y M nW "l4t p p1n: ir nu 1' n ?nS,3 n,n ln, i~n:, w n ; D unan nl3 ,i;, 2j , , i,:nj n2n IO

'l, in Tan ma , ed. Buber, I, p. : 14. Dr. G insberg drew my atient ion to a passageN i ut Run i, Se. Waethhanan, where a tradition is given nmnDb Snzn 5N -DvK mx t pm pr i SnS'n tpD ,ji 3.1 i-1V8 :nS wn the name of Rabi C i a, tat t nDna, that the R ctn i n bPl nsin

See ns Aboth P' I. 1aan II, 3 b and y 3 1a. Pr obably he rers 15 end of the verse 'nr . i I . 9), and had on i t some Serasha . 5; n:py i i I3sn 1 Seei n nAina Z , 54

Se 6:tAbon ar 5 nn,pn 4i n naD a3n nnN nhipn whn1Nm no 6:parallen i non s ns n Dn Dnme of th n two halachor i

nl-3D;n qK 1 n1nnn W nsln qN npiy3n qK Wonn qN IIllU2n Dn 20 SeenSS isn in boda Zr, III, nnd th i scsion i bid n B. T a

nseq , a n nT. Jer., ibid, nD, an nfr, 87 b ( 6 a of wih ar D ainst tnhe atement PD :1 n nn n I i o nDn ot impossible thati

n pD 3^n p6i mnnwn,l l:nn 3 t 1 niMb6 wip^N niza rh4nS PIID Jilt n5pD 6 1%) nWipt n1s1K t1r .u5 7j :n In3 - t)IDN -^ 25

1 See Kethuboth, II a. See Sanhedrin, 99gga, about the opinion tlhat the Messianic age will be forty years, which explains the words nu-t r:lw rtmrn, in Tanchuma, ed. Buber, I, p. 2T4. Dr. Ginsberg drew my attention to a passage in Yalkut Reubeni, Sec. Waethchanan, where a tradition is given in the name of Rabbi Chayim Vital, that the Resurrection in Palestine will take place forty years in advance of the rest of the world.

2 See Aboth, II, 8c; Aboth d a . Nathaand would II, 29 b. 3 See Sifre, 29 a; Kiddushin, 37 b. * See Aboth d' R. Nathan, II, 33 b and 33 a. Probably he refers to the

end of the verse 3N h i1-awa, &c. (Isa. xxix. 9), and had on it some Derasha. See Aboda Zara, 54 a.

5 See Aboda Zara, 46a Inamn TiaM inM3 -?S3 Nr rS; -i gt which may be a reminiscence of this.

6 No parallel passage is known to me of these two halachoth. 7 See Mishna Aboda Zara, III, 5, and the discussion, ibid., B. T., 45 a

seq., and T. Jer., ibid., 42 d seq., and Sifre, 87 b (? 60), all of which are against the statement nmrmi jniDo 1rI. It is of course not impossible that both this and the next halacha (Li) form the remainder of some old law forbidding TO3 in all cases. Indeed the cited Mishna is not without its difficulties (see commentaries), and would point to emendatory supple-

448 THE JEWISH QUARTERLY REVIEW

me nts. Te Brita citd in then . T., ibid., 46a, introduced n,j Nn 'l n

and that given in the Tosefa, ibid., I, 8 (ed. Zuck ermandel), are,

however, so strongl pIy reminiscnt of the next halacha () that we may

Iconclude fro the fmnnr t or5y text st Itread in imni ,n5y 30wy 13of the ar p umentDw as wellni n aNterm ir, pinDts i

the same dir ection, only nthat we nshall have to omplete p the words as u, &i. n (sb) bw Dexpresson i5 dn YD 5o, te ter : nn ,ij 5 unN1m nK mNtb ptn bnm nnim nWn nn^W nr~ u sed by R. I shmaell t i n connexi on with a n n C f. also Tosefn i

35l ibid.,w K5 D a w:1 & n 1-b 5 1K ,V 4i This is aP b g aint te uual halachan -See Abo i Zr, 4Nm a, 54 a, and

S The sense of this hal i sD ily ^ i n D ,n :t can Dnr to me 5w -nr 5Mow 5w ' N Z^ toY i 5myn n tni n 71 ynwo 5attnw n This sms tnVo be ans tt ifr, n :n 87LK ,ia ( 59) :tnt nr '1

40 5y }irn5 :D1K tS^n nD1 i ^tri" 53y ,fj 7* t11n, nK m :fcb NIV - n'SeeN nlyZn mi nr andl 5 K tn5 nn 5

5:D pln Dn 1%:WS nKl i5 bn p^n: yy h nnn KS pin: yy S nnni ?nND 2n1, nl n -ID^5 ^ m>rlS n lnn& InnFN5 5 , ni 8:b1pD ments. The Baraitha cited in the B. T., ibid., 46a, introduced rrqDp Rn wn nww r1 and that given in the Tosefta, ibid., VI, 8 (ed. Zuckermandel), are, however, so strongly reminiscent of the next halacha (v) that we may conclude from the former that our tet mus tt aread mi rw ore with the which emendation should also apply to the text of halacha n,,. The whole way of the argument '"n 3 D1 lrn iR as well as the term -imnn points in the same direction, only that we shall have to complete the words vers s, &C. For the expression i" R nDon see B. , ibid. 5, the erm foDna used by R Ishmael in connexrion with oi?prn. Cf. also Tosefta,

ibid., VI, 14. See preceding note.

2 This is also against the usual halacha. See Aboda Zara, 46 a, 54 a and Jer., ibid., 43 a.

3 The sense of this halacha is not clear to me. * This seems to be against Sifre, 87 a (? 59) 5na pry m numvi. 6 See Aboda Zara, 51 b and 52 a. 6 This is only a repetition of halacha a:. 7 See Aboda Zara Mishna, III, 5, but our text agrees more with the

version of R. Jose b. Juda, B. T., ibid., 45 b, after which it has to be corrected.

8 Parallel passage unknown to me. The verse in Hosea iv. 14 continues

GENIZAH FRAGMENTS 449

-nr1: V p rn npruW nynl ,,1a n,1 pSn tl,w lt i n limr l: nK5 . Oqpb, nthe5i naml o n,6 N hih di 1es inN its rint fm,n or 45 Sme1 eNi1 1I'4K iima 1, KW S nbnan 9n5 I nwnmi m ri 1 .65

nalamh ;y s n nrsvnv ln n it nnm n nn t ls r T novnn 5y tr ri mrFi.nDn ry r&6S mpriwn rY nv'rn 5i inx nn"i3r DDbon nnnD nNnzw t:K p^ itl nmtD t n nJ .ii W:D inw irt m K: tJIm n nnmr &wmi mn:yI nawn nnfWw It &nnl s nK 50 ;eain i n1oyls nnmlw iT py,In pnis 4'aI ti nirn nrnno nyaw nnym ,i 3 t; m nn& pi )n r nu ^ 5yW W rnz tIn nr\^ 88na p o

7yVDw Dn1nD wn nn Dnzw i5 n nmnl n 4n yni rov nlnitn ns onDl Qftl ' 4& yZniw v?t lt-wvn niwn i5 vn Dnm'f1 brv

3sn


,i :- tr7 rW nW3 IN Dm Nn vin Yn p,Ln p-ntl i* f n l pIN Iwn 9 ?n n1 r vt: pS ntK N:K y lw jnn n ln pirIn ?ni yWin'

Si iifr 9 a; Tosfi i ZN b c iK I, ; Talmd ibid., 10n 4 a; Pet yim, 1PK b& at W 'W3 tI W PN D 51 P&I -1V INN 13Q1 ?&< tQf nK tD1 1tvN5

70 wD& nliK Yi1' i rDmp W4 3niW PK 'taD y f t'W p4 K Doip QSf bN 3 f&4 Ynp pfi ts b1 P 1t3 p1v: K DW ^ t 1i INN ti< 3 R inI -In N3: L i,1 I'nY v1N lDlK ;nl i ,hi .n 'yop IPN nskw tps tnf r nSe l iS n 3 on i =n nai, 37na t nnt ; 1 d come nta and Toa Zb1 1sefta nDI In, aftenr nlwhi nour tet be 88 upplied and

75 NDS :a1? 0i il ny ng rw 01w *D 2 ninn, S3 nw KW nD mwSee Min , Sach s nis niotnh,i bw n.D8i bli Nvnw

See Tosefta Nazir, II, 2 , and Jer., ibid., 5 a. The commentar ies to this

ln atter plae nysl be crre n jDd afn ir n araitha. n on nnno i Sn tnSee Sinn 5 9i a (? 79).i

:bi D:) nXi rMnI nnGnS iS i n p n IN= n 5y Dnmry5 nnwiv 80 S IN IDN ntmD : nD i, 1- Si nn ,Sl 45Y IDS ^nN nnvWl -DEw .s

mrnw i in -lin Kbn t rw yN W IniU Nn"N 7S Nt ptilW yin r Nnsiy .nNK nyrw *rO .i 3:nS Vrl5 1031DI 'I^^ nt *moW ny-oW3

,'lil r$ 'rn S s t3'':35 IN,3 loinniw N,sN Mn 5.v Ilt) 4N 4,nl Y'In in, ISK 'In2 nnS KnIn "'5 nnri -N =6 N nrinno irvr

85 jr.W nVDwI Iltw i5 5n m1XbD S ti INwN V 1* nni 4S p l Nwt ,n mnw nD nsDwI mw ,ii 4:nFns5 T nnSS, qlT^ ID w nn yrW^ p1'lD vgn nyoDw K ngDw1 K5W 1n Iqgnm 1NDt nyDww 8sD ii nypDw nio i5 5: 1 n 11)i TDW5 a1iD UDD nDnw QI na1n 5 PID 1i ninln. nmnnh151 nm -151h n in -1D5n: nvr crwa

go90 D4W 4*y3 ai1n I?5 64 N y N ^nw 1i-an nwIn N ,nj 6 nnn,1n

1 See Sifre, 9Ia; Tosefta Zebachim, VI, i; Talmud, ibid., Io04a; Pesachim, 77 a ; Minachoth, 9 a and 26 a.

? See Sifre, 38 b (on rnln 6) ; Zebachim, 37 a text and commentaries; and Tosefta Zebachim, VI, 15, after which our text has to be supplied and corrected.

3 See Sifre, 87 a (?? 58, 59); Kiddushin, 29 b, or Jer., ibid., 6r1 a, for partial parallels.

I See Minachoth, 81 b. 5 See Tosefta Nazir, II, 2, and Jer., ibid., 5r a. The commentaries to this

latter place should be corrected after our Baraitha. 6 See Sifra, 9I a (? 79).

45?

GENIZAH FRAGMENTS 45I

zp!y ~rtNWF b7R '*Nya m1U," bsizIla 1%411np r) w n-im 4n n - W'ilI

nrnr .t i : "nK nN iDn, 5 1 In nryi5 (6 b) 'SW ln'&P pSirDv

Dnr nwni1 ,6 :n,n,i Yn. Mnn ... 8,rnv in y nS 1D3. i 5 .i8 il ,ii'q~ nwlqB BnIq"P ~rIR Rlnw ~B5 'lDK nDS n23[g lqW Ioo S The Midrash Hlaggado ha s bn oth th1 is and the ne rasha to eut. xxi.

nwer nndeed te a'si n t m is miorn in place.rw nBoth this and th next three halahoth are n o b fn i tnhe nl a

to Deut. xix. }.

6ri. Hag. ,plY ir n,"n'r D n ' l : ntj'i ,': r:lw, SO:l .

i. nr r instead of , N See Kiddushin 2 a, but there Ieut.

I#- Iftnizoz p ilyp'Ip n * 1)i=^ 6^ J --ptna nE3jj ni nM DIT

nnxi. is g iven. n Cf. Hoff nnJu ,b t um 7. Gurttag des D1 i

ji n ?: 113 41 w3S1K & D'1*% N11PD l nmv n* nD Sn K, loo

There is also agai1 nst the words s m the marginal gloss Np 5 Only

n See Sifre, ibid. "t See Sife, ibid n, and p. 94 a.

nwhere inndeed the n nn is more in place. ni y i4 M Hag has this nierasha fir inst. y i r i

Bth this and the nt t h to be found in the a a n. to DReut. xix. I.

6 M. Hag. nplnp Drrrnmn omrrin nmiw noa. 7 M. Hag. npina instead of n-trona. See Kiddushin, 26 a, but there Deut.

xi. 31 is given. Cf. Hoffmann, Jubelschrift zum 70. Geburtstag des Dr. I. Hildesheimer, p. 98 (German part).

8 M, Bag. nrntDn 5N^w YrI n1t?. 9 M. :Hag. 1n am in V nQ rsnws DTOn r b6m 15 5 N '1 DniI ni Cin nC nZaw

allv InN D01 nitxDl Inlo 3N * D1pn n mr sanS nawtl n wt3'n ='5l Wian5 n?iim 'i w 5mnW-5 rrnD lnns In5 HNi H? H or Dn nawl 5'n rmni mwyoana -ni rn 5"n DNi -Ilol t1. IS5n*hn= onal Dany b:iw ira t1n5n) m?w, &c., as in our text. There is also against the words oniw nw the marginal gloss mip -3. Only a remainder of this is to be found in the Sifre, 9I a and Io8a (? I79).

10 Rashi quotes the same verse from Ps. cix. I8.


Sw jK W ' Q W' K1W?. ;r5r &'m fu? Vn1r nmn y n b'wl VmZ 1i:? 1) 3)m 1w "i n3 1n5K3nD 1n?' il D p Klp nImr I' nh nn n12 Im 3 '1 1W'mK K lW rpN :3 K,N,,. 'pD p rn1' 3 trin [Some ddenda to this article,n pn he wp r it o nly ilar nonp p irtly

"5 KD ,n 2 il 61 M in anK Df^ lK1 .i riw i2Kn ln tt nK

see innn Sche nchter, will be given n a late n nnumber.] nnDn, i ii nKn rpn 3ô K zw no in îb 3 w i n $Inn' KSw riS i1 Torath Kohanim, 93 , fo r partia l parallel. i ni oyn

12pro b y by some Deraa mis inn t he. It might nnnlbe supplied f

Torath 155 n I ma n o ni6 nKt nN an Kamnn nDa93 b &r.n

n1n T nis again st the Derashoth i n nnifre, o8 b (? "1 n r3n in. nINo parallel 1 Yn p n n k nDow n * o n epyl pnT nnns

I25 Se Sifre, 9 a, to tah same. Th snn tean breaks of n nh 125N5tV ! misgl5 15vYPio mxzm b:pul nonl n1N is5KIn nInt nl n3 ,KF 4.f îrK 4 P paIwyn bi i5 5n i1 & p It3 1n8W '3^1 cnnn D^ lmew wsmID D^nFn n'l pnpi ?iNK ,pw^yn nrwiy nl0mz n&d to1n n n1 ^N I w 1: 1a sy nnDn t1" r3 rt inw -I1n:D tntI

130j Wla :r}l 5- nNJ 5j n pr3tD bt,j ntn jtNmn NDw ,i; 4.i 5^ ,,, mnD 1nn n 0oK p1:: i3n 7 ^Dn K ji 4 ii

S. SCHECH'TEL .

[Some Addenda to this article, the proofs of which were only partly seen by Dr. Schechter, will be given in a later number.]

1 See Torath Kohanim, 93 a, for partial parallel. 2 These two verses from Lev. xviii. 27 and xx. 24 were accompanied

probably by some Derasha missing here. It might be supplied from Torath Kohanim, 86 d and 93 b &c.

3 This is against the Derashoth in Sifre, I08 b (? I84) mw nD1u M n. No parallel passage is known to me.

6 See Sifre, 92 a, to the ,same. The second leaf breaks off here.

452

Article Contentsp. [425]p. 426p. 427p. 428p. 429p. 430p. 431p. 432p. 433p. 434p. 435p. 436p. 437p. 438p. 439p. 440p. 441p. 442p. 443p. 444p. 445p. 446p. 447p. 448p. 449p. 450p. 451p. 452

Issue Table of ContentsThe Jewish Quarterly Review, Vol. 16, No. 3, Apr., 1904Genizah Fragments [pp. 425 - 452]The Itinerary of Benjamin of Tudela [pp. 453 - 473]Samaritana [pp. 474 - 484]The Reform Movement in Judaism. III [pp. 485 - 524]Zur Jdisch-persischen Litteratur [pp. 525 - 558]The Nash Papyrus. A New Photograph [pp. 559 - 561]A Letter of Menasseh Ben Israel [pp. 562 - 572]The Arabic Portion of the Cairo Genizah at Cambridge [pp. 573 - 578]Critical NoticesE. G. King on "The Influence of the Triennial Cycle upon the Psalter" [pp. 579 - 583]F. R. Tennant on the Fall and Original Sin [pp. 583 - 587]E. A. Abbott's "From Letter to Spirit" [pp. 588 - 591]Davidson's "Old Testament Prophecy" [pp. 591 - 592]The Oxford Gesenius [pp. 592 - 594]J. W. Thirtle's "Titles of the Psalms" [pp. 594 - 596]The Septuagint in English [pp. 596 - 600]

NotesDer Jdisch-Persische Dichter Molla Schhn [pp. 600 - 601]Zu "J. Q. R.," XV, S. 637, Z. 1 [p. 602]Note to "J. Q. R.," XVI, P. 392, L. 25 [p. 602]

Genizah Fragments

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