Genetics: The Old and the New (and there is a “Lot” of Newness) Introduction Introduction...

48
New New (and there is a “Lot” of (and there is a “Lot” of Newness) Newness) Introduction Introduction Analogy to an “information Analogy to an “information broker” broker” Radical transformation of the Radical transformation of the science (i.e., science (i.e., what is a what is a revolution in the sciences revolution in the sciences ) ) Genetics of inheritance - Genetics of inheritance - Mendelian genetics Mendelian genetics ( ( > > 1860) 1860) Genetics of cell’s operation Genetics of cell’s operation - - molecular genetics molecular genetics ( ( > > 1950) 1950) The “Genetic Code” The “Genetic Code” Genetics “on the cutting Genetics “on the cutting edge”: last five years edge”: last five years

Transcript of Genetics: The Old and the New (and there is a “Lot” of Newness) Introduction Introduction...

Page 1: Genetics: The Old and the New (and there is a “Lot” of Newness) Introduction Introduction Analogy to an “information broker” Analogy to an “information.

Genetics: The Old and the Genetics: The Old and the New New

(and there is a “Lot” of (and there is a “Lot” of Newness)Newness)

IntroductionIntroduction Analogy to an “information Analogy to an “information

broker”broker” Radical transformation of the Radical transformation of the

science (i.e., science (i.e., what is a revolution what is a revolution in the sciencesin the sciences))

Genetics of inheritance - Genetics of inheritance - Mendelian geneticsMendelian genetics ( (>> 1860) 1860)

Genetics of cell’s operation - Genetics of cell’s operation - molecular geneticsmolecular genetics ( (>> 1950) 1950)

The “Genetic Code”The “Genetic Code” Genetics “on the cutting edge”: Genetics “on the cutting edge”:

last five yearslast five years

Page 2: Genetics: The Old and the New (and there is a “Lot” of Newness) Introduction Introduction Analogy to an “information broker” Analogy to an “information.
Page 3: Genetics: The Old and the New (and there is a “Lot” of Newness) Introduction Introduction Analogy to an “information broker” Analogy to an “information.

IntroductionIntroduction

Why is an “information broker” Why is an “information broker” important in living systems?important in living systems?

What constitutes a “revolution” What constitutes a “revolution” in the sciences?in the sciences?

Page 4: Genetics: The Old and the New (and there is a “Lot” of Newness) Introduction Introduction Analogy to an “information broker” Analogy to an “information.

The Old: Genetics of The Old: Genetics of Inheritance (Inheritance (1860’s1860’s))

Classical or Mendelian genetics (Gregory Mendel)Classical or Mendelian genetics (Gregory Mendel) Competing Competing hypotheseshypotheses

Blended inheritance versus particulate inheritanceBlended inheritance versus particulate inheritance Testing the hypotheses (Scientific Method!!)Testing the hypotheses (Scientific Method!!)

Flower color in peas (1 parent with red flowers and 2Flower color in peas (1 parent with red flowers and 2ndnd parent parent with white flowers)with white flowers)

Results: two classes of flowersResults: two classes of flowers Red (300 seedlings)Red (300 seedlings) White (100 seedlings)White (100 seedlings) Pink (0 seedlings)Pink (0 seedlings)

ConclusionConclusion Hypothesis: Hypothesis: Data support the particulate theory Data support the particulate theory

Data reject blended Data reject blended theorytheory

Specific quantitative data: Specific quantitative data: 3:1 ratio 3:1 ratio (strange but revealing (strange but revealing quantitative quantitative ratio!)ratio!)

300 100

Page 5: Genetics: The Old and the New (and there is a “Lot” of Newness) Introduction Introduction Analogy to an “information broker” Analogy to an “information.

Rules of Classical Rules of Classical Mendelian Genetics Mendelian Genetics

(1860’s)(1860’s) Traits passed from parent to offspring Traits passed from parent to offspring

consistent with particulate inheritance consistent with particulate inheritance modelmodel Mechanism unknown at the time (now we know)Mechanism unknown at the time (now we know)

Two “copies” of each trait in each individualTwo “copies” of each trait in each individual One from each parentOne from each parent

Some “copies” are dominant and some Some “copies” are dominant and some copies are recessivecopies are recessive Dominant traits = expressedDominant traits = expressed Recessive traits = expressed only if both copies Recessive traits = expressed only if both copies

recessiverecessive

Page 6: Genetics: The Old and the New (and there is a “Lot” of Newness) Introduction Introduction Analogy to an “information broker” Analogy to an “information.

Mendelian Genetics Mendelian Genetics (1860’s) and Coming (1860’s) and Coming

ForwardForward GeneGene - trait determined by a sequence of DNA - trait determined by a sequence of DNA AlleleAllele - alternative forms (“ - alternative forms (“copiescopies”) of the same ”) of the same

gene (e.g., normal hemoglobin vs sickle cell gene (e.g., normal hemoglobin vs sickle cell hemoglobin; blue vs brown eyes)hemoglobin; blue vs brown eyes) No longer called “copies” but alleles!!!No longer called “copies” but alleles!!!

Dominant alleleDominant allele (e.g., brown eyes) (e.g., brown eyes) Recessive alleleRecessive allele (e.g., blue eyes) (e.g., blue eyes) ChromosomesChromosomes - physical packaging of genes in - physical packaging of genes in

nucleusnucleus Pairs of chromosomesPairs of chromosomes GenomeGenome - all of the genes of an organism in the - all of the genes of an organism in the

nucleusnucleus

Page 7: Genetics: The Old and the New (and there is a “Lot” of Newness) Introduction Introduction Analogy to an “information broker” Analogy to an “information.

QuestionQuestion

If you were to cross rabbits that were black with rabbits that were white and the offspring were gray, this outcome would support the theory of ___________.

A particulate inheritanceB conspicuous inheritanceC Lamarckian inheritanceD blended inheritanceE None of the above

Page 8: Genetics: The Old and the New (and there is a “Lot” of Newness) Introduction Introduction Analogy to an “information broker” Analogy to an “information.

QuestionQuestion

The “unit of inheritance” documented by Mendel is now called the ___.

A hybridB parental strainC geneD dominant alleleE the “Mendel”

Page 9: Genetics: The Old and the New (and there is a “Lot” of Newness) Introduction Introduction Analogy to an “information broker” Analogy to an “information.

QuestionQuestion

In genetic crosses the re-current quantitative ratio of 3:1 among offspring supports the presence of ____ copy/copies of each gene in an organism of all species of eukaryotes.

A fourB threeC two D one

Page 10: Genetics: The Old and the New (and there is a “Lot” of Newness) Introduction Introduction Analogy to an “information broker” Analogy to an “information.

Genes and ChromosomesGenes and Chromosomes

Page 11: Genetics: The Old and the New (and there is a “Lot” of Newness) Introduction Introduction Analogy to an “information broker” Analogy to an “information.

DNA to Genes to DNA to Genes to ChromosomesChromosomes

Gene

Page 12: Genetics: The Old and the New (and there is a “Lot” of Newness) Introduction Introduction Analogy to an “information broker” Analogy to an “information.

Chromosomes, Genes Chromosomes, Genes and Allelesand Alleles

Hemoglobin Chemistry

Ear Lobe

Eye Color

Blood Group

Individual One (Thee)

Individual Two (Me)

A O OB

Blue

Brown

Blue

Blue

Attached

Attached

Free

Free

Normal

Normal

Normal

Sickle Cell

Page 13: Genetics: The Old and the New (and there is a “Lot” of Newness) Introduction Introduction Analogy to an “information broker” Analogy to an “information.

Genetics of Humans: Sex Genetics of Humans: Sex DeterminationDetermination

Humans = 46 chromosomes or 23 pairsHumans = 46 chromosomes or 23 pairs Sex determination associated with one Sex determination associated with one

pair of chromosomes (Pair No. 21)pair of chromosomes (Pair No. 21) X and Y chromosomeX and Y chromosome

Female: two “X” chromosomesFemale: two “X” chromosomes Male: one “X” and one “Y” chromosomeMale: one “X” and one “Y” chromosome Female produces only X chromosome Female produces only X chromosome

eggseggs Male produces both X and Y Male produces both X and Y

chromosome spermchromosome sperm

Who determines the sex of offspring? Who determines the sex of offspring? Sex-linked traits … examples?Sex-linked traits … examples?

Page 14: Genetics: The Old and the New (and there is a “Lot” of Newness) Introduction Introduction Analogy to an “information broker” Analogy to an “information.

Complexity of the Human Genome

46 chromosomes in each human (23 pairs)

~20,000 different genes in each human

Only ~1.5% of genome active

… we think (stay tuned!)

Millions of nucleotide differences between any two people

Affymetrix

Page 15: Genetics: The Old and the New (and there is a “Lot” of Newness) Introduction Introduction Analogy to an “information broker” Analogy to an “information.

Genetics: The Old and the Genetics: The Old and the NewNew

IntroductionIntroduction Analogy to an “information Analogy to an “information

broker”broker” Radical transformation of the Radical transformation of the

science (i.e., revolution)science (i.e., revolution) Genetics of inheritance - Genetics of inheritance -

Mendelian genetics (Mendelian genetics (>> 1860) 1860) Genetics of cell’s operation - Genetics of cell’s operation -

molecular genetics (molecular genetics (>> 1950) 1950) The “Genetic Code”The “Genetic Code” Genetics “on the cutting edge” Genetics “on the cutting edge”

((>> 2005) 2005)

Page 16: Genetics: The Old and the New (and there is a “Lot” of Newness) Introduction Introduction Analogy to an “information broker” Analogy to an “information.

Molecular GeneticsMolecular Genetics Structure of DNA Structure of DNA and RNA and RNA - -

information storage, information storage, transmission and expressiontransmission and expression

ReplicationReplication of the of the information - information - copying/duplication copying/duplication

TranscriptionTranscription of the of the information - transcribing information - transcribing

TranslationTranslation of the of the information - expressing as information - expressing as proteins (requires new proteins (requires new language with new language with new alphabet!)alphabet!)

Page 17: Genetics: The Old and the New (and there is a “Lot” of Newness) Introduction Introduction Analogy to an “information broker” Analogy to an “information.

Watson and Crick: Watson and Crick: a Revolution in the a Revolution in the

SciencesSciences

1953

Double helix

Watson Crick

Contribution of Watson and Crick: Monomer = Nucleotides (A, T, C and G) Polymer = polynucleotide (nucleic acid) 3 D Structure of Nucleic Acid = DNA Double Helix

Page 18: Genetics: The Old and the New (and there is a “Lot” of Newness) Introduction Introduction Analogy to an “information broker” Analogy to an “information.

Nucleotides: The Building Nucleotides: The Building Blocks of Nucleic AcidsBlocks of Nucleic Acids

Nucleotide: three Nucleotide: three componentscomponents SugarSugar

DNA: deoxyriboseDNA: deoxyribose RNA: riboseRNA: ribose

Phosphate groupPhosphate group

Base (N=4)Base (N=4) Adenine (A)Adenine (A) Guanine (G)Guanine (G) Cytosine (C)Cytosine (C) Thymine (T) Thymine (T)

Page 19: Genetics: The Old and the New (and there is a “Lot” of Newness) Introduction Introduction Analogy to an “information broker” Analogy to an “information.

DNA DNA StructureStructure

Join nucleotidesJoin nucleotides Alternating phosphate Alternating phosphate

and sugarand sugar DNADNA

2 strands of nucleotides2 strands of nucleotides Joined by nitrogen base Joined by nitrogen base

pairs (A, T, C and G)pairs (A, T, C and G) Bonding pattern Bonding pattern

((fidelity!fidelity!)) Adenine : ThymineAdenine : Thymine Cytosine : GuanineCytosine : Guanine

Information broker - Information broker - “biological alphabet” “biological alphabet” (A,T,C and G)(A,T,C and G)

Page 20: Genetics: The Old and the New (and there is a “Lot” of Newness) Introduction Introduction Analogy to an “information broker” Analogy to an “information.

QuestionQuestion

Nucleic acids such as DNA and RNA are polymers (macromolecules) of the monomers called ____.

A amino acidsB monosaccharidesC nucleotidesD lipids

Page 21: Genetics: The Old and the New (and there is a “Lot” of Newness) Introduction Introduction Analogy to an “information broker” Analogy to an “information.

QuestionQuestion

While the English alphabet contains 26 letters, the biological alphabet of the DNA is based on ___ nucleotides/”letters”.

A 2B 4C 6D 8

Page 22: Genetics: The Old and the New (and there is a “Lot” of Newness) Introduction Introduction Analogy to an “information broker” Analogy to an “information.

QuestionQuestion

The term “fidelity” in base pairing of nucleotides in DNA means that the nucleotide thymine always pairs with nucleotide ___.

A europocilB cytosineC another thymineD guanineE adenine

Page 23: Genetics: The Old and the New (and there is a “Lot” of Newness) Introduction Introduction Analogy to an “information broker” Analogy to an “information.

Genetics: The Old and the Genetics: The Old and the New New

(and there is a “Lot” of (and there is a “Lot” of Newness)Newness)

IntroductionIntroduction Analogy to an “information Analogy to an “information

broker”broker” Radical transformation of the Radical transformation of the

science (i.e., science (i.e., what is a revolution what is a revolution in the sciencesin the sciences))

Genetics of inheritance - Genetics of inheritance - Mendelian geneticsMendelian genetics ( (>> 1860) 1860)

Genetics of cell’s operation - Genetics of cell’s operation - molecular geneticsmolecular genetics ( (>> 1950) 1950)

The “Genetic Code”The “Genetic Code” Genetics “on the cutting edge”: Genetics “on the cutting edge”:

last five yearslast five years

Page 24: Genetics: The Old and the New (and there is a “Lot” of Newness) Introduction Introduction Analogy to an “information broker” Analogy to an “information.

Molecular Genetics: General Theme

Page 25: Genetics: The Old and the New (and there is a “Lot” of Newness) Introduction Introduction Analogy to an “information broker” Analogy to an “information.

Molecular Genetics: Structure Molecular Genetics: Structure of DNA and RNAof DNA and RNA

DNA - Deoxyribonucleic acidDNA - Deoxyribonucleic acid (nucleus; (nucleus; double stranddouble strand))

RNA - Ribonucleic acidRNA - Ribonucleic acid (protoplasm; (protoplasm; single strandsingle strand))

Monomer - nucleotides (N = 4 Monomer - nucleotides (N = 4 in DNA)in DNA) GuanineGuanine (always binds to Cytosine - (always binds to Cytosine - G:CG:C)) AdenineAdenine (always binds to Thymine - (always binds to Thymine - A:TA:T)) CytosineCytosine (always binds to Guanine - (always binds to Guanine - C:GC:G)) ThymineThymine (always binds to Adenine - (always binds to Adenine - A:TA:T))

Polymer - Polymer - polynucleotidepolynucleotide (DNA (DNA & RNA)& RNA)

Page 26: Genetics: The Old and the New (and there is a “Lot” of Newness) Introduction Introduction Analogy to an “information broker” Analogy to an “information.

Sequence of Nucleotides Sequence of Nucleotides and Genesand Genes

Linear sequences of nucleotidesLinear sequences of nucleotides

GeneGene: sequence of nucleotides responsible : sequence of nucleotides responsible for a specific trait (e.g., eye color; for a specific trait (e.g., eye color; hemoglobin; attached ear lobes, carbon hemoglobin; attached ear lobes, carbon metabolism, sickle cell anemia, enzyme)metabolism, sickle cell anemia, enzyme)

1150

102

1225

954

431

1580

653

Number of nucleotides

Page 27: Genetics: The Old and the New (and there is a “Lot” of Newness) Introduction Introduction Analogy to an “information broker” Analogy to an “information.

Molecular Genetics: A Molecular Genetics: A Single GeneSingle Gene

ExactExact sequence of nucleotides is important sequence of nucleotides is important

Any change in sequence changes the information Any change in sequence changes the information (“(“RRAT to AT to CCAT”) and constitutes a AT”) and constitutes a mutationmutation

Daily: you experience 10,000’s of mutations but all Daily: you experience 10,000’s of mutations but all are correctedare corrected

A T T A G C G G T A T G C C G G T T A A G A T C C G

A T T A G C G G T A C G C C G G T T A A G A T C C G

Page 28: Genetics: The Old and the New (and there is a “Lot” of Newness) Introduction Introduction Analogy to an “information broker” Analogy to an “information.

Molecular Genetics: General Theme

Replication

Page 29: Genetics: The Old and the New (and there is a “Lot” of Newness) Introduction Introduction Analogy to an “information broker” Analogy to an “information.

Molecular Genetics: Molecular Genetics: ReplicationReplication

ReplicationReplication:: process of process of duplicating duplicating DNA to DNA to produce a new produce a new and exact copy and exact copy with with fidelityfidelity includes “includes “spell spell

checkingchecking””

Page 30: Genetics: The Old and the New (and there is a “Lot” of Newness) Introduction Introduction Analogy to an “information broker” Analogy to an “information.

Molecular Genetics

Page 31: Genetics: The Old and the New (and there is a “Lot” of Newness) Introduction Introduction Analogy to an “information broker” Analogy to an “information.

Molecular Genetics: Molecular Genetics: TranscriptionTranscription

Information in DNA Information in DNA “transcribed” “transcribed” into into another type of message - another type of message - mRNAmRNA (messenger RNA)(messenger RNA) Analogue to transcribing spoken into Analogue to transcribing spoken into

written languagewritten language

mRNA made in nucleus and mRNA made in nucleus and subsequently shuttled to protoplasmsubsequently shuttled to protoplasm

In protoplasm, mRNA to the In protoplasm, mRNA to the ribosomeribosome (protein synthesis)(protein synthesis)

Page 32: Genetics: The Old and the New (and there is a “Lot” of Newness) Introduction Introduction Analogy to an “information broker” Analogy to an “information.

Compartmentation: Ribosome

23-494Figure 23.22

Page 33: Genetics: The Old and the New (and there is a “Lot” of Newness) Introduction Introduction Analogy to an “information broker” Analogy to an “information.

Molecular Genetics:

Translation in the Ribosome

Page 34: Genetics: The Old and the New (and there is a “Lot” of Newness) Introduction Introduction Analogy to an “information broker” Analogy to an “information.

Molecular Genetics: Molecular Genetics: TranslationTranslation

Information in mRNA “translated” into Information in mRNA “translated” into polypeptide and then functional protein and then functional protein (new language and “new letters of the (new language and “new letters of the alphabet”!)alphabet”!) Monomer: amino acids (e.g., lab exercise)Monomer: amino acids (e.g., lab exercise) Location: ribosome for protein synthesisLocation: ribosome for protein synthesis

Genetic codeGenetic code: specificity and : specificity and fidelityfidelity All organisms and all species use the exact All organisms and all species use the exact

same processsame process Example: genetically modified organisms Example: genetically modified organisms

(GMO’s)(GMO’s)

Page 35: Genetics: The Old and the New (and there is a “Lot” of Newness) Introduction Introduction Analogy to an “information broker” Analogy to an “information.

Protein Synthesis and Protein Synthesis and Genetic CodeGenetic Code

One gene codes for one proteinOne gene codes for one protein

Protein drives chemical process in cell (e.g., Protein drives chemical process in cell (e.g., enzymes)enzymes)

Original source of information = DNAOriginal source of information = DNA Intermediate source of information = RNAIntermediate source of information = RNA All living things on Earth use the absolute same All living things on Earth use the absolute same

genetic codegenetic code

Page 36: Genetics: The Old and the New (and there is a “Lot” of Newness) Introduction Introduction Analogy to an “information broker” Analogy to an “information.

Transcription, Translation Transcription, Translation and Protein Assemblyand Protein Assembly

http://www.youtube.com/watch?http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=983lhh20rGYv=983lhh20rGY

Page 37: Genetics: The Old and the New (and there is a “Lot” of Newness) Introduction Introduction Analogy to an “information broker” Analogy to an “information.

QuestionQuestion

In the following figure, the process linking the DNA to RNA (see white arrow) is called _______.

A replicationB transcriptionC translationD gene splicing

Page 38: Genetics: The Old and the New (and there is a “Lot” of Newness) Introduction Introduction Analogy to an “information broker” Analogy to an “information.

QuestionQuestion

Making a copy of DNA is called ___.

A replicationB transcriptionC translationD. photocopying

Page 39: Genetics: The Old and the New (and there is a “Lot” of Newness) Introduction Introduction Analogy to an “information broker” Analogy to an “information.

QuestionQuestion

The sum of all information contained in your DNA and copied in each cell in your body is called your ___.

A gene baseB gene traitsC genomeD. genetic material

Page 40: Genetics: The Old and the New (and there is a “Lot” of Newness) Introduction Introduction Analogy to an “information broker” Analogy to an “information.

Mutations and DNA Mutations and DNA RepairRepair

MutationsMutations Change in sequence of Change in sequence of nucleotidesnucleotides in DNA in DNA Causes of mutationsCauses of mutations

Oxygen (e.g., aging)Oxygen (e.g., aging) Nuclear radiationNuclear radiation X-raysX-rays UV light (e.g., beach time!)UV light (e.g., beach time!) Higher elevations (e.g., mountain tops, airplanes)Higher elevations (e.g., mountain tops, airplanes)

DNA RepairDNA Repair 10,000 ‘hits’ per day (you and me!!)10,000 ‘hits’ per day (you and me!!) Cells repair damage - Cells repair damage - excision and repairexcision and repair

processprocess Repair not equal in all individualsRepair not equal in all individuals

Page 41: Genetics: The Old and the New (and there is a “Lot” of Newness) Introduction Introduction Analogy to an “information broker” Analogy to an “information.

Molecular Genetics: A Molecular Genetics: A Single Gene (Single Strand)Single Gene (Single Strand) ExactExact sequence of nucleotides is important sequence of nucleotides is important

Any change in sequence changes the information Any change in sequence changes the information (“(“RRAT to AT to CCAT”) and constitutes a AT”) and constitutes a mutationmutation

Excision and repairExcision and repair

A T T A G C G G T A T G C C G G T T A A G A T C C G

A T T A G C G G T A C G C C G G T T A A G A T C C G

Page 42: Genetics: The Old and the New (and there is a “Lot” of Newness) Introduction Introduction Analogy to an “information broker” Analogy to an “information.

Genetics: The Old and the Genetics: The Old and the NewNew

IntroductionIntroduction Information brokerInformation broker Radical transformation of the science (i.e., Radical transformation of the science (i.e.,

revolution)revolution) Genetics of inheritance - Mendelian genetics Genetics of inheritance - Mendelian genetics

((> > 1860)1860) Genetics of cell’s operation - molecular Genetics of cell’s operation - molecular

genetics (genetics (>> 1950) 1950) The “Genetic Code”The “Genetic Code” Genetics “on the cutting edge” (last five Genetics “on the cutting edge” (last five

years)years)

Page 43: Genetics: The Old and the New (and there is a “Lot” of Newness) Introduction Introduction Analogy to an “information broker” Analogy to an “information.

Genetics “on the Cutting Genetics “on the Cutting Edge”Edge”

Genetic counseling (probability of offspring with Genetic counseling (probability of offspring with particular traits)particular traits)

Forensic sciences (e.g., CSI TV series)Forensic sciences (e.g., CSI TV series) Genetic engineering : Genetic engineering : GMO’s (Genetically Modified GMO’s (Genetically Modified

Organisms)Organisms) Genetic “Sleuthing”Genetic “Sleuthing”

Human applications (e.g., ice man in the Alps Human applications (e.g., ice man in the Alps ++ 5,000 5,000 years)years)

Genetic basis of autismGenetic basis of autism Genetics, mutations and cancer (next week’s Genetics, mutations and cancer (next week’s

lecture)lecture) Editing of genesEditing of genes

Page 44: Genetics: The Old and the New (and there is a “Lot” of Newness) Introduction Introduction Analogy to an “information broker” Analogy to an “information.

Genetic Counseling

Page 45: Genetics: The Old and the New (and there is a “Lot” of Newness) Introduction Introduction Analogy to an “information broker” Analogy to an “information.

Genetic Counseling using “Gene Chips”

Page 46: Genetics: The Old and the New (and there is a “Lot” of Newness) Introduction Introduction Analogy to an “information broker” Analogy to an “information.

Forensic SciencesForensic Sciences

Page 47: Genetics: The Old and the New (and there is a “Lot” of Newness) Introduction Introduction Analogy to an “information broker” Analogy to an “information.

Genetics “on the Cutting Genetics “on the Cutting Edge”Edge”

Genetic counseling (probability of offspring with Genetic counseling (probability of offspring with particular traits)particular traits)

Forensic sciences (e.g., CSI TV series)Forensic sciences (e.g., CSI TV series) Genetic engineering (e.g., “starlight” strain of Genetic engineering (e.g., “starlight” strain of

corn)corn) GMO’s (Genetically Modified Organisms)GMO’s (Genetically Modified Organisms)

Genetic “Sleuthing”Genetic “Sleuthing” Human applications (e.g., ice man in the Alps Human applications (e.g., ice man in the Alps ++ 5,000 5,000

years)years) Genetic basis of autismGenetic basis of autism Genetics, mutations and cancer (next week’s Genetics, mutations and cancer (next week’s

lecture)lecture) Editing of genesEditing of genes

Page 48: Genetics: The Old and the New (and there is a “Lot” of Newness) Introduction Introduction Analogy to an “information broker” Analogy to an “information.

Presidential analogy

Presidential analogy

ANALOGY PATIENT ANALOGY. PATIENT ANALOGY Minute volume Diaphragm Daily metabolic challenges.

ANALOGY PATIENT ANALOGY. PATIENT ANALOGY Minute volume Diaphragm Daily metabolic challenges.

TODAY’S AGENDA: Introduction to the Universe and Astronomy Activity: Universe Analogy

TODAY’S AGENDA: Introduction to the Universe and Astronomy Activity: Universe Analogy

NEWNESS OF LIFE PART 1

NEWNESS OF LIFE PART 1

Walking in Newness of Life · The Newness of Life and the Actions to be Practiced in the New Paths ..... 21 C5. Growth in Walking in Newness of Life..... 25 Bibliography ..... 31.

Walking in Newness of Life · The Newness of Life and the Actions to be Practiced in the New Paths ..... 21 C5. Growth in Walking in Newness of Life..... 25 Bibliography ..... 31.

Lecture Two: The Analogy Theory [‘AT’] · Lecture Two: The Analogy Theory ... 2. [AT] claims: OM-judgments justified by an argument from analogy ... iPaul Bartha, “Analogy and

Lecture Two: The Analogy Theory [‘AT’] · Lecture Two: The Analogy Theory ... 2. [AT] claims: OM-judgments justified by an argument from analogy ... iPaul Bartha, “Analogy and

UNIT TWO:faculty.law.miami.edu/mfajer/documents/Elements16BMa…  · Web viewUNIT TWO: EXTENSION BY ANALOGY. A. Introduction. Argument by Analogy. Generally: Lawyers frequently argue

UNIT TWO:faculty.law.miami.edu/mfajer/documents/Elements16BMa…  · Web viewUNIT TWO: EXTENSION BY ANALOGY. A. Introduction. Argument by Analogy. Generally: Lawyers frequently argue

Argument by Analogy-A. JUTHE-Analogy Project

Argument by Analogy-A. JUTHE-Analogy Project

Running head: ANALOGY IN MORPHOLOGY Analogy in

Running head: ANALOGY IN MORPHOLOGY Analogy in

An Introduction to Deconstruction Linguistic Analogy or Revivalism?

An Introduction to Deconstruction Linguistic Analogy or Revivalism?

A Return to the Analogy of Being - Syracuse Universitykrmcdani.mysite.syr.edu/RAB.pdf · 2012-07-07 · A Return to the Analogy of Being kris mcdaniel Syracuse University 1. Introduction

A Return to the Analogy of Being - Syracuse Universitykrmcdani.mysite.syr.edu/RAB.pdf · 2012-07-07 · A Return to the Analogy of Being kris mcdaniel Syracuse University 1. Introduction

Verbal Analogy

Verbal Analogy

TODAY’S AGENDA: Introduction to the Universe and Astronomy – Activity: Universe Analogy Homework: 1. Universe Analogy Activity due Tuesday 11-19/2013.

TODAY’S AGENDA: Introduction to the Universe and Astronomy – Activity: Universe Analogy Homework: 1. Universe Analogy Activity due Tuesday 11-19/2013.

INTRODUCTION TO COLUMN ANALOGY METHOD306 THEORY OF INDETERMINATE STRUCTURES . CHAPTER SEVEN . 7. INTRODUCTION TO COLUMN ANALOGY METHOD. The column analogy method was also proposed

INTRODUCTION TO COLUMN ANALOGY METHOD306 THEORY OF INDETERMINATE STRUCTURES . CHAPTER SEVEN . 7. INTRODUCTION TO COLUMN ANALOGY METHOD. The column analogy method was also proposed

Kant on Analogy - SAS-Spacesas-space.sas.ac.uk/781/1/J_Callanan_Analogy.pdf · Kant on Analogy 1. Introduction The role of analogy in Kant’s critical thought is often thought to

Kant on Analogy - SAS-Spacesas-space.sas.ac.uk/781/1/J_Callanan_Analogy.pdf · Kant on Analogy 1. Introduction The role of analogy in Kant’s critical thought is often thought to

Introduction to Parallel Programming & Cluster Computing Distributed Multiprocessing: The Desert Islands Analogy

Introduction to Parallel Programming & Cluster Computing Distributed Multiprocessing: The Desert Islands Analogy

Time Management Mission Impossible?. Scope Introduction Introduction Freeway Analogy Freeway Analogy Personal Management Personal Management Time Log.

Time Management Mission Impossible?. Scope Introduction Introduction Freeway Analogy Freeway Analogy Personal Management Personal Management Time Log.

Introduction to Big Data An analogy between Sugar Cane & Big Data

Introduction to Big Data An analogy between Sugar Cane & Big Data

Cell Analogy

Cell Analogy

New Man, New Year What does “newness” really mean?

New Man, New Year What does “newness” really mean?