Genetics Notes. What is heredity? A. Traits passing from offspring to parents B. Traits passing from...
-
Upload
rolf-whitehead -
Category
Documents
-
view
217 -
download
0
description
Transcript of Genetics Notes. What is heredity? A. Traits passing from offspring to parents B. Traits passing from...
![Page 1: Genetics Notes. What is heredity? A. Traits passing from offspring to parents B. Traits passing from parents to offspring C. Plants that are cross-pollinated.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070605/5a4d1af67f8b9ab059981ad2/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Genetics Notes
![Page 2: Genetics Notes. What is heredity? A. Traits passing from offspring to parents B. Traits passing from parents to offspring C. Plants that are cross-pollinated.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070605/5a4d1af67f8b9ab059981ad2/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
What is heredity?
A. Traits passing from offspring to parents
B. Traits passing from parents to offspring
C. Plants that are cross-pollinatedD. The ratio of dominant to recessive
traits
![Page 3: Genetics Notes. What is heredity? A. Traits passing from offspring to parents B. Traits passing from parents to offspring C. Plants that are cross-pollinated.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070605/5a4d1af67f8b9ab059981ad2/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Heredity is
“C” - The passing of traits from parent to offspring
![Page 4: Genetics Notes. What is heredity? A. Traits passing from offspring to parents B. Traits passing from parents to offspring C. Plants that are cross-pollinated.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070605/5a4d1af67f8b9ab059981ad2/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Who was Gregor Mendel?
Austrian Monk Conducted his research in a
monastery garden Worked with pea plants Discovered the principles of heredity
![Page 5: Genetics Notes. What is heredity? A. Traits passing from offspring to parents B. Traits passing from parents to offspring C. Plants that are cross-pollinated.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070605/5a4d1af67f8b9ab059981ad2/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Self-pollinating Peas
Self-pollinating – when a plant fertilizes itself Results in a true-bred plant All the offspring of a true-bred plant will have
the same trait as the parent
Parent
Offspring
![Page 6: Genetics Notes. What is heredity? A. Traits passing from offspring to parents B. Traits passing from parents to offspring C. Plants that are cross-pollinated.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070605/5a4d1af67f8b9ab059981ad2/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
![Page 7: Genetics Notes. What is heredity? A. Traits passing from offspring to parents B. Traits passing from parents to offspring C. Plants that are cross-pollinated.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070605/5a4d1af67f8b9ab059981ad2/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Cross-pollinating Peas
When one plant fertilizes a different plant
Pollen from one plant lands on the pistil and fertilizes the ovule (egg) of a different flower on a different plant
• Wind• Bees & other insects
First Generation Plants
![Page 8: Genetics Notes. What is heredity? A. Traits passing from offspring to parents B. Traits passing from parents to offspring C. Plants that are cross-pollinated.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070605/5a4d1af67f8b9ab059981ad2/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
![Page 9: Genetics Notes. What is heredity? A. Traits passing from offspring to parents B. Traits passing from parents to offspring C. Plants that are cross-pollinated.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070605/5a4d1af67f8b9ab059981ad2/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
First Generation Plants Self -Pollinated
X
F2 Second Generation
The white flowers reappeared! How did this happen?
![Page 10: Genetics Notes. What is heredity? A. Traits passing from offspring to parents B. Traits passing from parents to offspring C. Plants that are cross-pollinated.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070605/5a4d1af67f8b9ab059981ad2/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Alleles: *different forms of a gene *exist in pairs (one from mom & one from dad)
Dominant allele– the prevailing (stronger) traitCapital Letter
Recessive allele– the (weak) hidden traitLower case letter
![Page 11: Genetics Notes. What is heredity? A. Traits passing from offspring to parents B. Traits passing from parents to offspring C. Plants that are cross-pollinated.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070605/5a4d1af67f8b9ab059981ad2/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Genotype – the combination of alleles you have for a specific trait
• Ex: RR or Rr or rr
Phenotype – the physical feature you show or see
• Ex: Red flower petals, white flower petals
![Page 12: Genetics Notes. What is heredity? A. Traits passing from offspring to parents B. Traits passing from parents to offspring C. Plants that are cross-pollinated.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070605/5a4d1af67f8b9ab059981ad2/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Example:
Gene: Flower Petal Color Alleles:
• Red (R)• White (r)
RR = homozygous dominantrr = homozygous recessiveRr = heterozygous
Homo – the same Hetero - different
![Page 13: Genetics Notes. What is heredity? A. Traits passing from offspring to parents B. Traits passing from parents to offspring C. Plants that are cross-pollinated.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070605/5a4d1af67f8b9ab059981ad2/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Complete Dominance Rr = Red• dominant trait shows
Co Dominance RW = Red & White• Both traits show
Incomplete Dominance Rr = Pink• Traits are blended (mixed)
![Page 14: Genetics Notes. What is heredity? A. Traits passing from offspring to parents B. Traits passing from parents to offspring C. Plants that are cross-pollinated.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070605/5a4d1af67f8b9ab059981ad2/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
First Generation Plants Self -Pollinated
X
F2 Second Generation
The white flowers reappeared! HOW?
The parents were heterozygous (Rr).
RrRr
RRRr
Rr rr
![Page 15: Genetics Notes. What is heredity? A. Traits passing from offspring to parents B. Traits passing from parents to offspring C. Plants that are cross-pollinated.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070605/5a4d1af67f8b9ab059981ad2/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Mendel’s Discoveries:
Each trait has two sets of instructions (alleles), one from each parent
Discovered dominant and recessive traits.
![Page 16: Genetics Notes. What is heredity? A. Traits passing from offspring to parents B. Traits passing from parents to offspring C. Plants that are cross-pollinated.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070605/5a4d1af67f8b9ab059981ad2/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Intro. to Punnett Squares
A chart used to show all the ways genes from two parents can combine and be passed to offspring.