Genetics I. What is Genetics? The study of heredity, or the passing on of traits from an organism to...
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Transcript of Genetics I. What is Genetics? The study of heredity, or the passing on of traits from an organism to...
Genetics I
Genetics I
What is Genetics?
• The study of heredity, or the passing on of traits from an organism to its offspring
The Father of Genetics
• Gregor Mendel, an Austrian monk, studied the variety of traits (different characteristics) in pea plants
• His experiments are now considered to be the beginning of the science of genetics!
Aawww jeez… thanks
guys….
Here is what Mendel did:
• He took the pollen (male sex cells) from one pea plant and transferred it to the pistil (female part) of another pea plant
• This is called cross-pollination.
Cross-Pollination
Mendel found that:
• He was able to cross pea plants with different traits
• After the 1st cross, the F1 generation would show certain traits while some traits seemed to be hidden
• After the 2nd cross, certain traits would reappear in the F2 generation
XP generation
F1 generation
Cross F1 generation
F2 generation
X
More traits in pea plants
Based on his findings, Mendel stated:
1. The law of segregation – when the parent forms sex cells, the parent gene pairs separate, one gene from each pair goes to each sex cell
Parent genotype: Aa
Sex cells: A a
And..
2. The law of independent assortment – each gene pair for a trait is inherited independently of the gene pairs for all other traits
Though he didn’t know it…
• Mendel opened the door to the ability to predict traits in organisms
• This would eventually lead to modern day genetic research, including possible cures for certain diseases, cloning, and most importantly, the glow in the dark mouse…
And…
• The latest trend in household pets…
Glow in the dark cat?