Genetics

Click picture

Genetics Unit of Study

• Part One – DNA and mitosis

• Part Two – Protein Synthesis

• Part Three – Inheritance

• Part Four – Other Genetics Topics

Other Genetics TopicsPart 4

Reproductive Cloning Therapeutic Cloning

Transgenic Organisms

Stem Cells

Gene Therapy

Reproductive Cloning: Twins– Identical: same sperm and egg, zygote divides in two– Fraternal: different sperm and egg fertilized at the same

time

Human cloning: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Tw1CX6ku0NQ&feature=related

So are identical twins really identical?

– Genetically identical because they came from the same DNA in the same fertilized egg

– Can develop differences in DNA due to mutations

– Will have differences, such as different fingerprints, due to the slightly different environmental conditions during development (different location in the uterus, different blood supply, and other microenvironmental factors)

Clones: genetically identical copies of an organism

Identical twins = natural clones

• First sheep cloned “Dolly”

• First cat cloned“copy cat”

Reproductive Cloning – how does it work?Video: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AdPXF448mjs

More Clones

endangered

August 6, 2003 - cloning of the first horse from an adult cell. The cell was taken from the mother's skin and fused with one of her eggs.

This means that her newborn baby is also her genetic twin.

“Stem Cells” - Therapeutic cloning

6-10 days after conception

These new cells can be used to replace damaged cells in the body

The zygote may not need to come from egg and sperm..Scientists are now using other body cells to provide the DNA

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7tbxN5uwaqA&NR=1&feature=fvwp

Gene Therapy – repairing Damaged DNA

•Replacing damaged DNA with new DNA•Using viruses to deliver the new DNA

Chronic Myeloid Leukemia cure video: Curing Cancer

It’s a Strange New World

Genes from coral inserted into mice make mice glow red

Genes from firefly inserted into tobacco plant make it glow green

It’s a Strange New World

Genes from jellyfish have been inserted into pigs

Now they glow green

Why would you want a pig (or mouse, or plant) to glow?•shows that the gene transfer was successful•gets public attention•glowing cells can be used as markers in further experiments

It’s a Strange New World

These transgenic papaya plants in Hawaii are resistant to an attack by a virus that has killed the plants that surround them

Insulin for treatment of diabetes is being produced by this safflower

It’s a Strange New World

Transgenic mosquitos – don’t spread malaria….we’re hoping they will breed with natural mosquitos and the gene will be passed on.

Transgenic goats are being used to create a medicine for people who have a blood clotting disorder. Now we can get the protein in the goat’s milk rather than getting the protein from human blood donation.

What is a Toyger?

Toyger

• A toyger is a domesticated cat that looks like a tiger

• Judy Sudgen created the miniature tiger with 15 years of breeding

• It costs from $800 to $5000

What is a puggle?

Puggle

• A mixture of dog breeds between a pug and a beagle

+=

Ligers• A cross between a male

lion and a female tiger • It can not reproduce if it

is a female lion and a male tiger

• How many pounds is it? • How do they compare

with their parents? •

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CD6vpheUoPE • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8HgW86TwF_o

Where will this lead?

New food supplies?New treatments/cures for diseases?New problems?A new way of living?Gene mapping for every organism?

What are the goals of the Human Genome Project?

identify all the approximately 20,000-25,000 genes in human DNAdetermine the sequences of the 3 billion chemical base pairs that make up human DNA store this information in databasesimprove tools for data analysistransfer related technologies to the private sector address the ethical, legal, and social issues that may arise from the project.

http://genomics.energy.gov/gallery/chromosomes/gallery-01.html

Click link to see the gallery of chromosome maps

http://www.dnaftb.org/dnaftb/

A good genetics tutorial site (DNA from the Beginning)