Genetics
Transcript of Genetics
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Genetics…simple concepts
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What is genetics? The study of heredity
The passing of characteristics from parents to offspring
Traits
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Gregor Mendel…
The first person to predict successfully how traits are transferred from one generation to the next.
He experimented with garden pea plants.
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Gametes?
Male and female sex cells.
When these two join through fertilization, a zygote is produced.
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Hybrids…The offspring of parents that have different forms of a trait.
Tall (T) Short (t)
hybrid
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A discovery… Mendel, experimenting with the pea plants, discovered that everyorganism has two genes that control the outcome of a trait.
Tt = tall tt = short* each gene is represented by a letter
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AllelesGenes exist in different forms…
Allele 1 Allele 2 Trait Allele 1 Allele 2 Trait
T t = tall t t = short
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Dominant or Recessive? • Even though for each trait there are two alleles, only one of them actually shows…
The trait that we can observe Dominant
The trait that disappears Recessive
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An example with plants…
If a plant has a combination… in which T is tall and t is short…
The plant will be tall… T is the dominant allele (tall)
t is the recessive allele (short)
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Phenotype vs. GenotypeThe difference is simple…
A phenotype is the way an organism looks and behaves.
A genotype is the allele combination an organism has.
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The law of segregation
“Every individual has two alleles of each gene, and when gametes are
produced, each gamete recieves one of these alleles”
orIndividual gamete Individual gamete
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Homozygous or Heterozygous? The alleles don’t always have to be different…
When the alleles for a trait are the same (TT) (tt) HOMOZYGOUS
When the alleles for a trait are the different (Tt) HETEROZYGOUS
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Remember…
Homo = same
Hetero = different
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The end…