Genetics 1 ruder
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Transcript of Genetics 1 ruder
GeneticsThe field of biology devoted to understanding heredity, how
characteristics are transmitted from parents to offspring.
Gregor Mendel
• Entered monastery in Brunn, Austria at age of 21 in 1842.
• Assigned task of tending the garden.• 1851 entered the University of Vienna to
study science and mathematics (Statistics).• Returned to monastery to teach high school
and kept a garden plot where he grew garden peas , Pisum sativum.
• Considered the father of genetics.
Mendel observed 7 characteristics each with 2 contrasting traits.
Important vocabulary for understanding Mendel’s experiments.• Pollination = plant reproduction
anthers/stamens(male) stigma/carpel(female)• Self-pollination vs. cross-pollination• Mendel controlled pollination by removing
anthers.• Pure – ALWAYS produce offspring with a
particular trait (14 total for the pea plants he observed).
Mendel’s Experiments
Mendel’s Results and Conclusions
• Recessive and Dominant Traits• Law of Segregation• Law of Independent Assortment
Recessive and Dominant Traits
• Recessive Factor – lower case• Dominant Factor – upper case• Factors are now called Alleles.
Law of Segregation
• A pair of factors is segregated, or separated, during the formation of gametes.
Law of Independent Assortment
• Factors for different characteristics are distributed to gametes independently.
More Vocabulary
• Genotype – genetic make-up of an organism. Pp• Phenotype – physical appearance of an org. Purple• Homozygous – both alleles of a pair are alike: PP, pp, both dominant or both recessive. (Pure)• Heterozygous – Alleles of a pair are different: Pp, one dominant and one recessive. (Hybrid)