Historical back groundCagayan Valley Region has a distinct history. Long before the coming of the Spaniards into the Valley, fishing villages had been in existence on the banks and at the mouth of the rivers and creeks flowing into the China Sea. The Spaniards found natives inhabiting the narrow coastal plains of Northern Luzon and flood plains of Cagayan River. These inhabitants were Ibanags who lived on the riverbanks. “Ban nag a native word for river. They were of sturdy Indonesian type with a culture of their own. They maintained their commercial relationship with China, Malaya, Japan and other neighboring countries, The early Ibanagas kept their writings on barks of trees and bamboos depicting the heroic deeds of their chiefs. These tales were used as songs and bards during the victories in wars, on weddings and other important events and were thereof handed down from generation to generation.It was in 1567 when Don Juan Salcedo explored Northern Luzon and landed his forces. It was however in 1581 that the Spaniards headed by Captain Juan Pablo Carreon with his soldiers and their families settled in the Region. Thereafter, Spanish missionaries gradually penetrated deeper into the valley teaching and converting the natives. Later, the Americans improved the educational and political system and introduced improvements in infrastructure.Region 02 is considered the “last frontier” of the Philippines being one of the few regions with existing virgin forest. It is bounded by three (3) mountain ranges, Sierra Madre on the east, Caraballo mountains on the south and Cordillera mountain on the west.Cagayan Valley Region includes all lands east of the Sierra Madre mountain, west of the foothills of Cordillera mountain, and south of Caraballo mountain, making the region one big watershed area such that all the headwaters from the mountain ridges cascade down the tributaries to the Cagayan River, the second longest river in the country having a drainage area of 27,300 sq. km. and ground water reserve of 47,895 mcm. The Cagayan River provides the water supply of the region for agriculture, industry, domestic and municipal needs before it drains into the Babuyan channel. It has three major tributaries; the Elogan River which drains a major portion of the eastern watersheds, the Magat River which drains the southern portions and the Chico river which drains most of the north-western areas.The Pacific Ocean skirts the last coast and rest its waves on the foot of the Sierra Madre on the eastern side. Temperature is distinctly tropical and the northern portion has a high precipitation due to the exposure of the northeastern air movements. The region is composed of the distant but esoteric Batanes; the lustrous and fertile valley provinces of Cagayan, Isabela and Nueva Vizcaya and the predominantly mountainous but equally promising Quirino. Cagayan Valley abounds with the natural resources and exudes the development potentials. It consists of rich agricultural areas, forestlands and grasslands, inland and marine resources.By virtue of Executive Order No. 192 dated June 10, 1987, five (5) Provincial Environment and Natural Resources Offices (PENROs) and sixteen (16) Community Environment and Natural Resources Offices (CENROs) were created under the administrative jurisdiction of Region 02. These are: PENROs Batanes, Cagayan, Isabela, Quirino and Nueva Vizcaya; and CENROs Aparri, Alcala, Sanchez Mira, Solana and Tuguegarao, Cagayan; Cabagan, Naguilian, Cauayan, San Isidro, Roxas and Palanan, Isabela; Diffun and Nagtipunan, Quirino; and Bayombong, Aritao and Dupax, Nueva Vizcaya.

Lambak ng Cagayan Ang Lambak ng Cagayan ay isang rehiyon sa Pilipinas at tinatawag dingRehiyon II. Binubuo ito ng limang lalawigan: Batanes, Cagayan, Isabela, Nueva Vizcaya, at Quirino. Ang kabiserang panrehiyon ay ang Tuguegarao.Ang rehiyon ay matatagpuan sa isang malaking lambak sa hilagang-silangangLuzon, sa pagitan ng kabundukang Cordilleras at ng Sierra Madre. Binabagtas ngIlog Cagayan, ang pinakamahabang ilog sa bansa, ang gitna ng rehiyon at dumadaloy patungong Kipot ng Luzon sa hilaga.[baguhin]Pagkakahating Pulitikal

Mapang Politikal ng Lambak ng Cagayan

Lalawigan/Lungsod KabiseraPopulasyon

(2000)Sukat(km²)

Densidad(bawat km²)

Batanes Basco 16,467 209.3 78.7

Cagayan Lungsod ng Tuguegarao 993,580 9,002.0 110.4

Isabela Ilagan 1,287,575 10,664.6 120.7

Nueva Vizcaya

Bayombong 366,962 3,903.9 94.0

Quirino Cabarroguis 148,575 3,057.2 48.6

CagayanAng Cagayan ay nasa rehiyon ng Lambak Cagayan sa Luzon. Tuguegarao ang kabesera ng lalawigan. Ito ay matatagpuan sa hilagang-silangan ng pulo ng Luzon. Saklaw nito ang pulo ng Babuyan sa hilaga. Ito ay nasa hangganan ng Ilokos Norte at Apayao sa kanluran, Kalinga at Isabela sa timog. Ang C Pinagmulan ng Pangalan ng cagayan ay iba sa Cagayan de Oro na matatagpuan sa Minadanao.

Ang pangalan ng lalawigan ay nagmula sa halaman na kung tawagin ay “Tagay”, na karaniwang tumutubo nang malago sa hilagang bahagi ng lalawigan, kung kaya ang “Catagayan” na ang ibig sabihin ay “lugar kung saan ang halamang tagay ay tumutubo” ay pinaikli sa “Cagayan,” ang kasalukuyang pangalan ng lalawigan.SaklawBinubuo ng 9,002 kilometro kuwadrado ang buong lalawigan ng Cagayan. Ito ay may isang lungsod, ang Tuguegarao at may 28 munisipalidad na kinabibilangan ng Abulug, Alcala, Allacapan, Amulung, Aparri, Baggao, Ballesteros, Buguey, calayan, Camalaniugan, Claveria, Enrile, Gattaran, Gonzaga, Iguig, Lal-Lo, Lasam, Pamplona, Peñablanca, Piat, Rizal, Sanchez-Mira, Santa Ana, Santa Prexedes, Santa Teresita, Santo Niño Solana at Tuao.WikaAng wikang ginagamit dito ay Ibanag, Ilawit, Malaweg, at Ilokano. Ang ibang pangkat etniko na naninirahan dito ay may sariling wika. Ang ilang lugar na ang mga residente ay may kakayahang bumasa at sumulat ay marunong magsalita ng Ingles at Filipino.IndustriyaAng mga produktong kanilang itinatanim ay ang mga sumusunod: bigas, mais, mani, halamang butil at prutas. Ang mga hayop na inaalagaan at ipinagbibili ay ang mga sumusunod: baka, kalabaw at manok. Nagitinda rin ang mga taga-Cagayan ng kasangkapang yari sa rattan, kawayan at iba pang uri ng kahoy na natatagpuan sa lalawigan.Ang Batanes ay isang lalawigan sa hilagang Luzon. Ito ay kabilang sa Region 2. Ang lalawigang ito ay ang pinakahilaga sa buong Luzon. Binubuo ito ng mga pulo ng Batan,Sabtang, Itbayat at iba pang mga malilit na pulo. Halos ilang kilometro na lang ito sa bansang Taiwan. Ang Batanes ay isang kakaibang lugar dahil sa kultura at kalikasang tanging kanila lamang.

Tao at Kultura

Ang kultura ng mga taga-Batanes o mga Ivatan, ang tawag nila sa kanilang mga sarili, ay isa sa mga pinakamatanda sa buong Pilipinas. Sinasabing ang mga ninuno ng mga Ivatan ay nanggaling sa timog Taiwan 3,500 taon na ang nakakaraan at ginawang tulay ang Batanes upang makarating na sa mga malalayong lugar tulad ng Indonesia atMicronesia. Ang kultura nila ay pareho rin sa kultura ng mga tribo sa Lan Yu (timog Taiwan), dahil sa ang kanilang wika, ang Yami, ay medyo hawig sa Ivatan. Isa pang tribo na ikinukumpara ang mga Ivatan ay sa mga isla ng Riyuku na matatagpuan sa timog Hapon. Sa pakikipagkapwa, talagang masaya sila kung may malalaman silang mga kababayan. Talagang mahal nila ang kanilang kapwa, tinatawag na pachilipulipus.Ngayon, ang kanilang kultura ay may halong banyaga na dahil sa pag-kolonisa sa kanila ng mga Kastila, na naghatid ng malaking impluwensiya sa kanilang wika, relihiyon, at mga

tradisyon. Nahaluan na rin ng modernong mga kostumbre ang mga Ivatan dahil sa impluwensiya ng Maynila (na may mga direct flight na patungo roon) at ng Amerika, sa kadahilanang maraming Ivatan na ang maaaring magtungo roon.Ang kanilang wika, ang Ivatan, ay katangi-tangi rin dahil sa kakaibang bokabularyo at pagbigkas nito hindi katulad ng isang tipikal na wika sa Pilipinas. May mga similaridad naman ang Ivatan sa ibang mga wika sa hilagang Luzon, tulad ng Ilokano at Ibanag. Ang Ivatan ay may malaking pagkakatulad sa isang wika sa timog Taiwan, ang Yami, na salita ng mga katutubong Lanyu roon. Sinasabi ng mga lingguwistiko na iisa ang pinanggalingan ng dalawang salita. Sinasabi rin daw na may ilang tribo pa sa timog Taiwan malapit sa lugar ng Banking na ginagamit ang Ivatan bilang wika.Dahil sa binubuo ang Batanes ng maraming isla, hindi masyadong nagkakaintindihan ang mga tao roon. Sa mismong isla pa lang ngBatan, may dalawang diyalekto na ng Ivatan ang natagpuan, ang Ivasayen na ginagamit sa kapitolyo (Basco). Ang ikalawa ay angIsamurungen, na ginagamit sa mga munisipalidad ng Mahatao, Ivana, Uyugan, at Sabtang. Hindi masyadong magkaiba ang dalawa ngunit ang nakikitang pagkakaiba nila ay may kinalaman sa pagbigkas. May isa pang diyalekto ang Ivatan, ang Itbayaten. Ito ay ginagamit sa isla ng Itbayat. Ang isang taga-Batan o Sabtang na makapunta sa Itbayat sa unang pagkakataon ay hindi kaagad makakaunawa ng diyalekto nila roon. Sinasabi nga na ibang lengguwahe na ang Itbayaten dahil hindi na halos maintindihan ang kanilang salita. Ang huling diyalekto ng Ivatan ay ang Ibatan, ang wika sa Babuyan Islands na parte na ng Cagayan. Mas magkatulad pa sila ng Itbayaten kaysa sa Ivasayen at Isamurungen.Heograpiya[baguhin]TopograpiyaMga baka, sa madamong burol ng BatanesAng Batanes ay grupo ng mga isla na tinatawag na Mga Isla ng Batanes(Batanes Islands) at ang mga ito ay nasa dulong hilagang bahagi ng Pilipinas. Ang mga ito ay nasa pagitan ngMga Isla ng Babuyan (nasasakop ng Probinsya ng Cagayan) at Taiwan. Ang mga islang ito ay may kaunting naninirahan at madalas na daanan ng mga bagyo.Ang tatlong malalaking isla ay ang Itbayat, Batan, at Sabtang. Ang nasa pinakadulong hilaga naman ay ang Isla ng Mavudis.Halos kalahating bahagi ng Batanes ay burol at bundok. Ang Isla ng Batan, ay may kabuuang lawak na 35 km², ay halos bulubundukin ang hilaga at timog-silangang bahagi nito. Animo'y hugis palaggana ang gitna nito. Ang Isla ng Itbayat, na may kabuuang lawak na 95 km², ay padalisdis kadalasan pakanluran, dahil sa bulubundukin at maburol ang hilaga at at silangang baybayin nito. Ang Sabtang naman ay nasasakop ng bundok ang gitnang bahagi, ang islang ito ay may kabuuang lawak na 41 km², na siyang dahilan upang ang lupa ay dumalisdis palabas ng baybayin nito.Ang probinsya ay maburol at mabundok, na may halos 1,631.50 ektarya o 7.10% na bahagi nito ay taas-baba at 78.20% o 17,994.40 ektarya ay nahahati sa pataas-baba hanggang sa padalisdis, hanggang sa sobrang dalisdis. Apatnapu't dalawang bahagi (42%) o 9,734.40 ektarya ang padalisdis hanggang sa mabangin na lugar.

Mabatong baybayin ng Valugan Beach

Dahil sa natatanging katangian ng lugar, maganda ang daloy ng tubig dito at halos di nagtatagal ang pagbaha. Ang pangunahing isla ng Batan ang may pinakamalaking bahagi ng patag at halos patag ang lupa, kasunod ang Itbayat at Sabtang. Ang Itbayat ay may padalisdis hanggang sa halos patag na lupa sa mala talampas ng paligid nito patuloy hanggang sa matataas na bangin na umaabot sa halos 20-70 metro ang taas sa ibabaw ng dagat, at halos walang dalampasigan. Ang Sabtang naman ay may maliit na patag na lupa na manaka-nakang nakapaligid sa baybayin nito, habang ang gitna naman ay halos nasasakop ng matarik na bundok at malalalim na lambak. Ang isla ng Batan at Sabtang ay may paputol putol na maiikling baybayin na may buhangin at mga batuhan.Ang kalupaan ng probinsya na kahangahanga at kaakit akit ang halos bawat sulok, ay may limitadong katangian sa pagpapalawak ng agrikultura para sa sadyang napakaiit na probinsya.[baguhin]Klima

Madilim na ulap sa ibabaw ng parola ng Basco, nagbabadya ng ulan

Ang klima dito ay halos pareho ng sa Taiwan. Kadalasan ang lugar ay nakakaranas ng mababa sa normal na temperatura na 55 degri Fahrenheit (13 °C).Ang probinsya ay kadalasang winawalis ng malakas na hangin at ulan na syang nagbibigay ng maling paniniwalang ang Batanes ay palaging ginugupo ng mga bagyo.Kung bakit ang Batanes ay laging naiiugnay sa sama ng panahon, ito ay dahil sa ang kabisera nitong basco ay ang huling himpilan ng panahon sa hilaga. Ito rin ang lugar na pinagbabatayan ng lahat ng bagyo na pumapasok sa nasasakupan ng Pilipinas. Wala itong ipinahayag na tuyo at basang panahon. Umuulan dito ng halos pinakamababa ang walong araw hanggang sa pinakamataas na 21 araw sa loob ng isang buwan. Nakakaranas dito ng praktikal na apat na pahahon, ang pinakamainam ay ang tag araw (Abril-Hunyo) at taglamig (Disyembre-Pebrero), kung saan ang temperatura ay kadalasang bumababa sa pitong digri Celsius.Ang mainam na panahon ng pagpunta dito ay tuwing kalagitnaan ng Marso hanggang Hunyo. Ang "Indian summer" kadalasang nag uumpisa ng Setyembre. Minsan, ang panahon ay nag uumpisang maging maganda pinakamaaga na ang Pebrero hanggang sa pinakahuli ang Hulyo. Hanging galing hilaga o timog ang nagdadala ng malamig na hangin. Nagdadala rin ang mga ito ng sama ng panahon at namumuong mga ulap na nagiging dahilan ng pagkakansela ng pagdating o pag alis ng eroplano. Ang tag-lamig, ay ang malamig na panahon na nararanasan ng Ivatan kaya tinatawag nila itong tag-lamig (winter) ay nararanasan tuwing Disyembre hanggang Pebrero. Kung mag pupunta ng Batanes, lagi lang tandaan na sa mga islang ito ayvmadaling magbago ang panahon. Kung kaya't dapat maging handa sa anumang panahon ang mararanasan mo.EkonomiyaHalos 75% ng mga Ivatan ay magsasaka at mangingisda. Ang ibang bahagi naman ay nagtatrabaho sa pamahalaan at pribadong kompanya. Bawang at bakahan ang pangunahing pinagkakakitaan dito. Ang mga Ivatan ay nagtatanim din ng kamote baging, kamoteng kahoy, gabi, at ang biharang uri ng puting uvi. Ang tubo ay itinatanim upang makagawa ng palek, isang uri ng katutubong alak, at suka.Sa kasalukuyan, ang mga isdang nahuhuli dito ay unti unting nababawasan dahil sa kakulangan ng tamang kaalaman. Kakaunti lang ang mga pwedeng pasukang trabaho dito. Kadalasan ang mga nakapag-aral ng ga Ivatan ay lumuluwas sa siyudad o nag pupunta sa labas ng bansa.Ang wind diesel generating plant ay binuksan noong 2004.Layo at masamang panahon ang syang humahadlang sa pag angat ng ekonomiya dito. Ang ibang pangngailangan gayam ng bigas, softdrinks, at gasolina ay kadalasang may dagdag na 75% hanggang 100% kumpara sa presyo nito sa Maynila.Popular personsAnswer:Ang mga taong nakikilala sa lipunan o nagiging popular o sikat ay ang mga nakagawa ng ikararangal ng bansa tulad nina Manny Pacquiao, Lea Salonga, mga pulitikong nakakagawa ng kabutihan, mga artista, mga bayani na nagbuwis ng buhay para sa bayan at marami pang iba.

LocationIraya is located on Batan Island, one of the Batanes Islands, in the province ofBatanes, in the Luzon Strait, north of the island of Luzon, in the Philippines.It is the northernmost active volcano in the Philippines.]Physical featuresIraya is a heavily forested stratovolcano, with an elevation of 1,009 metres (3,310 ft)asl, and a base diameter of 5,500 metres (18,000 ft).Adjacent volcanic edifice is Mt. Matarem.]Volcanic activityMount Iraya last erupted in 1454, and the Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (Phivolcs) considers it as one of the active volcanos in the Philippines.In 1998, volcanologists recorded seismic swarms which led them to form a monitoring network on Batan Island for several months. After the swarms of tremors had diminished, the temporary stations in Barangay San Joaquin in Basco, Batanes and another near the crater, were pulled out. Seismicity or any activity relating to Iraya is still monitored by the Basco Seismological Station.

Volcanos of the Philippines are all part of the Pacific ring of fire.

Cagayan (lalawigan)Cagayan

Ang Cagayan ay nasa rehiyon ng Lambak Cagayan sa Luzon. Tuguegarao ang kabesera ng lalawigan. Ito ay matatagpuan sa hilagang-silangan ng pulo ng Luzon. Saklaw nito ang pulo ng Babuyan sa hilaga. Ito ay nasa hangganan ng Ilokos Norte at Apayao sa kanluran, Kalinga at Isabela sa timog. Ang Cagayan ay iba sa Cagayan de Oro na matatagpuan sa Minadanao.Pinagmulan ng PangalanAng pangalan ng lalawigan ay nagmula sa halaman na kung tawagin ay “Tagay”, na karaniwang tumutubo nang malago sa hilagang bahagi ng lalawigan, kung kaya ang “Catagayan” na ang ibig sabihin ay “lugar kung saan ang halamang tagay ay tumutubo” ay pinaikli sa “Cagayan,” ang kasalukuyang pangalan ng lalawigan.SaklawBinubuo ng 9,002 kilometro kuwadrado ang buong lalawigan ng Cagayan. Ito ay may isang lungsod, ang Tuguegarao at may 28 munisipalidad na kinabibilangan ng Abulug, Alcala, Allacapan, Amulung, Aparri, Baggao, Ballesteros, Buguey, calayan, Camalaniugan, Claveria, Enrile, Gattaran, Gonzaga, Iguig, Lal-Lo, Lasam, Pamplona, Peñablanca, Piat, Rizal, Sanchez-Mira, Santa Ana, Santa Prexedes, Santa Teresita, Santo Niño Solana at Tuao.WikaAng wikang ginagamit dito ay Ibanag, Ilawit, Malaweg, at Ilokano. Ang ibang pangkat etniko na naninirahan dito ay may sariling wika. Ang ilang lugar na ang mga residente ay may kakayahang bumasa at sumulat ay marunong magsalita ng Ingles at Filipino.IndustriyaAng mga produktong kanilang itinatanim ay ang mga sumusunod: bigas, mais, mani, halamang butil at prutas. Ang mga hayop na inaalagaan at ipinagbibili ay ang mga sumusunod: baka, kalabaw at manok. Nagitinda rin ang mga taga-Cagayan ng kasangkapang yari sa rattan, kawayan at iba pang uri ng kahoy na natatagpuan sa lalawigan.

People, Culture and the Arts

Due to the influx of Ilokano migrants in the last century, majority of the people of Cagayan speak Iloko as their primary tongue. Aside from the Ilokanos, there are several smaller ethnic groups that live in the province. The Ibanags are the dominant ethnic group in the vicinity of the provincial capital of Cagayan-—Tuguegarao, now a city. The closely related Itawits inhabit the Pinacanauan River valley as well as areas of Amulung and Tuao. The Malawegs are found mainly in the municipality of Rizal. In the foothills and the mountains of the Sierra Madre Range, several Negrito groups called the Agtas forage and hunt for food. The established lingua franca of the province is Ibanag.

The Ibanags, Itawits and Malawegs are mainly lowland farmers whose agricultural practices are similar to those of the Ilokanos. The Ibanags used to inhabit the area along the Cagayan coast but migrated further inland. They conducted trade with neighboring areas using distinctive seacrafts, and their commercial interests made their language the medium of commerce throughout the region before the influx of Ilokano migrants. They are also excellent blacksmiths and continue to make good bolos. The Ibanags are reputed to be the tallest of all the ethno-linguistic groups in the Philippines.The Itawits are almost indistinguishable from the Ibanags. They build their houses with separate kitchens, connected by a narrow walkway that is used as washing area for hands and feet. The Itawits are noted for their pottery and basket-weaving traditions.The culture of Cagayan is showcased in museums, historical buildings and archeological sites spread across the province. In Solana, the Neolithic archeological sites in Lanna have yielded stone tools used as early as 20,000 years back. The Cabarruan jar burial site, also in the town, features ancient Filipino traditions of taking care of their dead. The Cagayan Museum is a repository of the province´s cultural heritage. Iron Age pottery, Chinese Ming and Sung dynasty porcelain pieces as well as Church paraphernalia are on display together with Paleolithic fossils. The oldest bell in the country, cast in 1592, still peals from the tower of the church in Camalaniugan. The old brick works in Tuguegarao lie inside the city and speak of a time when bricks were extensively used to build the beautiful churches of the Cagayan Valley.

Mapa ng Cagayan na nagpapakita sa lokasion ng Tuguegarao City.

Ang Tuguegarao ay isang lungsod sa hilagang-silangang bahagi ng Luzon saPilipinas. Ito ang kabisera ng Lalawigan ng Cagayan at nagsisilbi ring sentrong panrehiyon ng Lambak ng Cagayan.Dito makikita ang mga unibersidad na malalaki sa Rehiyon 2 at karamihan ng mga mamayan ng Kalinga Apayao, Isabela at Nueva Vizcaya ay pinag-aaral ang mga anak sa Tuguegarao.Ang maraming sasakyang pampubliko rito ay Tricyle at meron ding Kalesa.

History

In 1581, Captain Juan Pablo Carreon came to Cagayan with one hundred fully equipped soldiers with their families by order of Gonzalo Ronquillo de Peñaloza, the fourth Spanish Governor-General of the Philippines, to explore the Cagayan Valley and to force the conversion of the natives to Catholicism as well as to establish ecclesiastical missions and towns throughout the valley. This was the first batch of Spanish settlers in the Cagayan Valley who introduced Spanish culture and Latin civilization, subverting native culture, customs, and tradition.On June 29, 1583, Juan de Salcedo traced the northern coastline of Luzon and set foot on the Massi (Pamplona), Tular, and Aparri areas. The Spanish friars soon established mission posts in Camalaniugan and Lal-lo(Nueva Segovia), which became the seat of the Diocese established by Pope Clement VIII on August 14, 1595. The Spanish influence can still be seen in the massive churches and other buildings that the Spaniards built for the spiritual and social welfare of the people.With the Treaty of Paris was signed in 1898, ending the Spanish-American War, America took over the Philippines and influenced the culture, most notably in agriculture and education as well as in public works and communications. At the close of the 18th century, there were 29 municipalities in the province of Cagayan. When the Philippines came under American sovereignty in 1902, 35 municipalities have been founded. Since then, however, on account of the tendency at centralization and shifting of population as a result of the opening of roads and public agricultural lands, only 29 municipalities now remain.Beginning the Second World War, the air raid of the Japanese fighters and bomber planes was invaded, bombed and destroyed around the province of Cagayan and founded in 1942, the Japanese Imperial forces entered in Cagayan.During the Second World War under the Japanese Occupation, over several pre-war infantry divisions and regular units of the Philippine Commonwealth Army was re-established from 1942 to 1946 at the general headquarters, camps and garrisoned here the province of Cagayan and begins the battles and invasions for the Anti-Japanese Operations in Cagayan Valley included to sending the province of Cagayan and Isabela and helping the local soldiers of the 11th and 14th Infantry Regiment of the USAFIP-NL, the local guerrilla fighters and the U.S. liberation forces was defeated and fought against the Japanese Imperial forces from 1942 to 1945.The Battle of Cape Engaño on October 26, 1944, is held off Cape Engaño. At the time, when American carrier forces attacked the Japanese Northern Force to end and became the conclusion of the Battle of Leyte Gulf. The Japanese lost 4 carriers, 3 light cruisers and 9 destroyers.In 1945, the combined United States and Philippine Commonwealth ground troops together with the recognized guerrillas took in Cagayan by the attack from the Japanese troops during the liberated in Cagayan province was under the Filipino soldiers of the 1st,2nd, 11th, 12th, 13th, 15th and 16th Infantry Division of the Philippine Commonwealth Army, 1st Infantry Regiment of the Philippine Constabulary and the 11th and 14th Infantry Regiment of the United States Armed Forces in the Philippines – Northern Luzon or USAFIP-NL from the Battle of Cagayan Valley during the Second World War.The Hotel Delfino siege is a bloody coup attempt happened on March 4, 1990, when suspended Cagayan governor Rodolfo Aguinaldo and his armed men of 200 seized Hotel Delfino in Tuguegarao, Brigader General Oscar Florendo, his driver and four members of the civilian staff, and several other people were held hostage for several hours. A gunfight was launched to kill Aguinaldo and his men but one of the suspended governor's men was found dead in a checkpoint shootout, Brig. Gen. Florendo and 12 others were also dead and 10 more wounded. Aguinaldo is also slightly wounded in a car gunfight until eventually escaped and hid into the mountains.

Economy

Agricultural products are rice, corn, peanut, beans, and fruits. Livestock products include cattle, hogs, carabaos, and poultry. Fishing various species of fish from the coastal towns is also undertaken. Woodcraft furniture made of hardwood, rattan, bamboo, and other indigenous materials are also available in the province. The Northern Cagayan International Airport is a planned airport in Lal-lo, Cagayan. The airport will be built to support the Cagayan Special Economic Zone in northern Cagayan, which also serves seaborne traffic through Port Irene. The airport project will involve the construction of a 2,200-meter runway, with a width of 45 meters, following the standards of the International Civil Aviation Organization. Once completed, the planned international airport can accommodate large aircraft such as the Airbus A319-100 and Boeing regional jets of comparable size.[1] SM City Aparri will soon be built once the towns ofAparri, Santa Ana and Lal-lo attained its cityhood.s

MT PULAG

Mount Pulag (or sometimes Mount Pulog) is the third highest mountain in thePhilippines. It is Luzon’s highest peak at 2,922 meters above sea level. The borders between the provinces of Benguet, Ifugao, and Nueva Vizcaya meet at the mountain's peak.Because of its high elevation, the climate on Mount Pulag is temperate with rains predominating the whole year. Rainfall on the mountain averages 4,489 mm yearly with August being the wettest month with an average rainfall of 1,135 mm. Snow has not fallen on its top in at least the past 100 years.The mountain hosts 528 documented plant species. It is the natural habitat of theendemic Dwarf Bamboo, (Yushania niitakayamensis) and the Benguet pine (Pinus insularis) which dominates the areas of Luzon tropical pine forests found on the mountainside. Among its native wildlife are 33 bird species and several threatened mammals such as the Philippine Deer, Giant Bushy-Tailed Cloud Rat (“bowet”) and the Long-Haired Fruit Bat. Mount Pulag is the only place that hosts the 4 Cloud Rat species. It has one of the most diverse biodiversity of the Philippines, with the newly found (since 1896) 185 grams Dwarf cloud rat, Carpomys melanurus, a rare breed (endemic to the Cordillera) and the Koch pitta bird among its endangered denizens.[2][3]

On February 20, 1987, a large part of the mountain was designated as a National Park with Proclamation No. 75. This act aims to preserve the environment around the mountain due to threats from increased development such as conversion to agricultural lands, timber production, hunting, and increased tourism.The Ibaloi people of Benguet mummify their dead and house in caverns in the mountain. The Kabayan mummy burial caves, one of the main attraction of the site, is considered as Philippine National cultural treasures under Presidential Decree No. 374.[4]

[edit]Hiking activityAs the highest mountain in Luzon, Mount Pulag attracts a lot of mountain climbers. Highlights of the climb include the montane forests and the grassland summit with its "sea of clouds" phenomenon. There are four major trails up the summit: the Ambangeg, Akiki, and Tawangan trails fromBenguet and the Ambaguio trail from Nueva Vizcaya. These trails are managed by the Mount Pulag National Park, under theDepartment of Environment and Natural Resources.

The National Park is inhabited by different tribes such as the Ibalois, Kalanguya, Kankana-eys, Karao, Ifugaos and the Ilocanos.It is the third highest mountain in the Philippines, next to Mount Apo and Mount Dulang-Dulang

Isabela (lalawigan)Para han lain nga kagamit, kitaa an Isabela (pansayod).An Isabela usa nga probinsya han Pilipinas ha Siong han Cagayan nga rehiyon ha Luzon. An kapital hini amo an Ilagan ngan ginsasapitan ini, hin palibot tipatu-o tikang ha salatan, han Aurora, Quirino, Nueva Vizcaya, Ifugao, Mountain Province, Kalinga, ngan han Cagayan. Ginngaranan ini ha dungog ni Reyna Isabel II han Espanya (iton ngaran nga "Isabela" ngan "Isabel" mga magkalainlain nga bersyon han amo la gihapon nga ngaran) Ini nga lalawigan nga an kaurugan nga pagpakabuhi amo an pag-uma, amo an ikaduha nga gidako-i han Pilipinas, ngan amo ini an gidako-i nga lalawigan ha isla han Luzon. Sumala han census han tuig 2000, mayda ini populasyon nga 1,287,575 ka tawo.Ang Isabela ang ikalawa sa pinakamalaking lalawigan sa Filipinas at pumapangalawa saPalawan. Ito ay nasa rehiyon ng Lambak Cagayan sa Luzon. Ilagan ang kabisera nito. Kung mula sa timog, ito ay malapit sa Aurora, Quirino, Nueva Vizcaya, Ifugao, Mountain Province,Kalinga at Cagayan. Ang lalawigang ito ang pangunahing sakahang at kamalig ng Luzon.HeograpiyaBinubuo ng 10,664.6 kilometro kuwadrado ang buong lalawigan ng Isabela. Ito ang may pinakamalaking nasasakupan sa rehiyon ng Lambak Cagayan. Ito rin ang may pinakamalaking populasyon sa lahat ng lalawigan sa bilang na 1,287,575 na bumubuo ng 45.7 porsiyento ng 2.8 milyong tao sa rehiyon at may ambag na 1.7 bahagdan sa kabuuang populasyon ng bansa. Ang Isabela ay nahahati sa 35 na munisipalidad at 2 lungsod.

E ISABELA TRAVEL INFORMATIONBRIEF HISTORYIt is believed that the history of the province dates back to over 25,999 years ago with the Stone Age race of dark-skinned, kinky-haired pigmies whose descendants, the nomadic Aetas (Negritos), can still be found roaming the mountains and forest of eastern Isabela today. The Indonesians arrived 5,000 years ago, followed by three waves of Malays between 200 BC and 1500 AD. These pagan ancestors of the Ibanags, Gaddangs, Yogads, Kalingas, and other original tribes of the valley built a civilization based on corn agriculture and organized around the fundamental political unit, the barangay.The Spaniards arrived in the late 16th and 17th centuries and introduced Christianity, the encomienda (forerunner of the municipality) system, and the tobacco monopoly. Spanish rule was extremely oppressive so the natives rose in revolt on several occasions, most notably in the 18th century under the leadership of Dabo and Marayag.According to Fr. Ambrocio Manaligod, STD, from 1851, the Spanish conquistadors established the “Ciudad de Nueva Segovia” in what is called Lallo today. Up to 1839, the entire Cagayan Valley was one large province which the Spaniards called “La Provincia del Valle de Cagayan.” Out of this vast territory, two new provinces were created in 1839. One retained the old name “Cagayan” which comprised all towns from Aparri to Tumauini. Its capital transferred from Lallo to Tuguegarao. The one bearing the name “Nueva Vizcaya” was composed of all towns from Ilagan to the Caraballo del Sur including Catalangan and Palanan, with Camarag (now Echague) as its capital.A Royal Decree was created in May 1, 1856 creating “Isabela de Luzon” to distinguish it from other Isabelas in the Philippines. It comprised the town of Carig (now Santiago City), Camarag (now Echague), Angadanan (now Alicia), Cauayan, Calanusian (now Reina Mercedes), Gamu, and Ilagan, all detached from Nueva Vizcaya; while Tumauini and Cabagan were taken from the province of Cagayan. It was placed under the jurisdiction of a governor with the capital seat at Ilagan, where it remains at the present.A new wave of immigration began in the late 19th and 20th centuries with the arrival of the Ilocanos who came in large numbers. They now constitute the largest group in the province. Other ethnic groups followed and Isabela became the “melting pot of the north.”

Although the province did not play a major role in the revolt against Spain, it was in Palanan where the final pages of the Philippine revolution were written when the American forces led by General Frederick Funston captured General Emilio Aguinaldo on March 23, 1901.ISABELA DESCRIPTIONSGeographyThe province is divided into three physiographic areas. The eastern area, straddled by the Sierra Madre Mountain Range, is rugged and thickly forested. A substantial portion is uncharted and the unexplored hinterlands are home to a rich variety of flora and fauna while others are government reservations. The western area is a sprawling fertile valley hemmed by the Central Cordillera and is criss-crossed by the mighty Cagayan, Siffu, and Magat Rivers. Its mountains rise to a peak of about 8,000 feet and is home to one of the world’s largest remaining low-altitude rainforests with numerous unknown endemic species of flora and fauna and exceptional biological diversity. The area is popularly known as the Northern Sierra Madre Natural Park.Isabela comprises an aggregate land area of 10,665 square kilometers, representing almost 40 percent of the regional territory. It is the largest province in the region and the second largest province in the country in terms of land area.

Political SubdivisionThe province has 35 municipalities and 1,055 barangays and is divided into four congressional districts. Santiago is an independent-component city while Cauayan is a component city. Ilagan is the capital town while Cauayan is the industrial center.PopulationBased on the year 2000 census of population, the province has a population of 1,287,575 with a population density of approximately 120.73 persons per square kilometer.Language/DialectThe major dialect in Isabela is Ilocano followed by Ibanag, Yogad, and Gaddang. People, especially in the capital and commercial centers, speak and understand English and Pilipino.ClimateGenerally, the province has two types of climate. The eastern and coastal areas experience moderate rainfall more or less distributed throughout the year while western Isabela has more pronounced wet and dry seasons. The average temperature is recorded at 27.1 degrees Celsius.

Major IndustriesAgriculture is the major industry of the people of Isabela. Farming is highly mechanized as most of the agricultural lands are irrigated. With the presence of the Isabela State University, joint ventures and other foreign assisted projects are viable while the Magat Dam Tourism Complex contributes to the high productivity in agriculture. Isabela is acknowledged as the hub of trade and commercial activities in the region due to its central location in the region. Furniture making using narra and other indigenous forest materials/products like Gmelina continue to exist. Potential investments are in fisheries and tourism. The reservoir of the Magat Dam is utilized for fishcage operations, particularly tilapia production. Tourism is relatively a new industry being developed in the province especially in the coastal areas. Support services and accommodation facilities are likewise being developed.

JOBOS BEACH

Jobos BeachJobos Beach or Playa Jobos is a beach located in the northwestern Puerto Ricanmunicipality of Isabela on the PR-466 street. It is one of the best beaches to learn theSurfing Sport due to the great waves on a low depth area. It is also one of the best beaches for surfing competitions. The beach is one of the most visited of the northwest area of the island.Its name is given by an old establishment near by with the name of “Jobos”. Since then local people start calling the beach “Playa Jobos”. The actual area called “Jobos” exists but in the upper section of the area but not on the actual coast.Near by this beach exists the two most recognized Surfboards fabricants of Puerto Rico;Pelicano Surfboard (Shaper Nestor) and Warner Vega Surfboard (Sharper Warner). They also offer it for rent.If you are planning to surf at Jobos Beach, first, you should ask locals for basic instructions of how to avoid accidents. Due to the nature of the beach there is a high current that drops you on the ocean. There are a few tricks on how to get out of it and enjoy the surfing paradise of this great beach. There are no live guards since it is not considered a “balneario” but local surfers are always voluntary doing their best to help if something happens.This great resource is not only used for surfing, it is also great for windsurfing and kitesurfing.Jobos Beach also offers a great and clean area perfect for families with children, although the majority of the visitors are young people with an attitude of having a great time. You can always hear music on any spot of the beach and people are very kind with each others.This beach is very respected by the locals; they are very concerned of the importance of having a clean and comfortable area so the maintenance is more taken by themselves instead of the government, so you better clean your spot before you leave because everyone will be watching. There is also a group of people pro-ambient that are continuously working on conserving the natural resources of the beaches at Puerto Rico.If you are looking for traditional legends of Puerto Rico, on the higher rock of this beach you can find the “Pozo de Jacinto” with a spectacular view of the ocean and natural rocks.There is also a bunch of good restaurants near by this beach. There are a few hotels but many guesthouses with prices that could range higher during high seasons. If you don’t need to stay close by the beach, you can find more reasonable places to stay inland atIsabela.

Nueva VizcayaMula sa Tagalog na Wikipedia, ang malayang ensiklopedyaAng Nueva Vizcaya (Filipino:Bagong Biskaya) ay isang lalawigan ng Pilipinas na matagpuan sa Lambak ng Cagayan sa Luzon. Ang kabisera nito ay Bayombong. Kanugnog nito ang mga lalawigan ng Ifugao, Isabela, Quirino, Aurora, Nueva Ecija,Pangasinan, at Benguet.[baguhin]Kasaysayan at kulturaAng lalawigan ng Nueva Vizcaya ay naging bahagi ng malawak na lambak ng Cagayanna dating iisang yunit politikal na pook na pinamumunuan ng isang gobernador. Noong 1839, ang noo'y gobernador heneral ng Pilipinas na si Luis Lardizabal, sa abiso ng noo'y alkalde mayor ng Cagayan, ay nagpalabas ng isang orden na lumikha sa Nueva Vizcaya bilang isang lalawigang politiko-militar. Pinagtibay ang nasabing orden sa isang Decreto Royal noong Abril 10, 1841.Ang lalawigan ay nagkaroon ng unang pamamahalang sibil noong 1902 nang ito'y buuin ng Philippine Commission.

Mula nang maging lubos na at nagsasarili nang lalawigan ang Nueva Vizcaya, ang kasaysayan nito'y binubuo na ng kultura at tradisyon at paniniwala ng mga katutubong unang nanirahan dito na kinabibilangan ng mga Isinay, Gaddang, Bugkalot (o Ilongot),Igorot, Ifugao (Ipugaw), at nang lumaon ay ang mga Ilokano at iba pang pangkat etniko.HeograpiyaAng Nueva Vizcaya ay matatagpuan sa gitnang-hilagang bahagi ng pulo ng Luzon sa Rehiyon II. Ito ay napapaligiran ng mga kahanga-hangang bundok tulad ng Sierra Madre sa silangan, Caraballo sa timog at Cordillera sa kanluran. Marami ng ilog na matatagpuan dito tulad ng Ilog Magat, Ilog Matuno, Ilog Marang, Ilog Sta. Fe at Ilog Sta. Cruz.Binubuo ng 3,903.9 kilmetro kuwadrado ang buong lalawigan ng Nueva Vizcaya. Binubuo nang 15 munisipalidad na kinabibilangan ng Alfonso Castaeda, Ambaguio, Aritao. Bagabag, Bambang, Bayombong, Diadi, Dupax del Norte, Dupax del Sur, Kasibu, Kayapa, Quezon, Santa Fe, Solano at Villaverde. Ito ay may populasyon na 366,692.KlimaAng lalawigan ay nakararanas ng tag tuyot mulang Nobyembre hanggang Abril at tag-ulan mulang Hunyo at Oktubre. Enero ang pinakamalamig na panahon na ang temperatura ay bumababa sa 20 celcius. Ang lalawigang ito ay tinuturing na Baguio ng mga nasa kapatagan.IndustriyaAng Nueva Vizcaya ay mainam na lugar para sa industriya ng agrikultura dahil sa lawak ng lupaing nasasakupan nito. Kabilang sa mga pananim dito ang bigas, mais, pinya, saging, kape at iba pang prutas.Ang industriya ng pagmimina ay may pag-asang magtagumpay dahil may deposito ritong mineral na maaaring mahukay tulad ng ginto at tanso. Buhangin at graba ang pinakamaraming deposito sa lalawigang ito.

ekonomiyaTinuturing na pangunahing nagpapatubo ng palay na lalawigan sa Pilipinas ang Nueva Ecija. At saka ang nangungunang taga-gawa ng mga sibuyas (sa munisipalidad ng Bongabon) sa Timog-silangang Asya.Ang mga saging at mga banana chips ay mga pangunahing mga produkto na ipinagbibili sa Kalakhang Maynila at sa Pampanga.

BRIEF HISTORYThe province of Nueva Vizcaya was named after the people living in the coast of Mar de Vizcaine in Spain. In the beginning of the 19th century, it was a part of the vast “Territorio de Missiones” of the Spanish-controlled government of Cagayan, covering the eastern half of Northern Luzon from Nueva Vizcaya to Aparri including the Batanes Islands.On May 24, 1839, Governor Luis Lardizabal, upon the advice of the Alcalde Mayor of Cagayan, issued an order creating Nueva Vizcaya as a separate politico-military province. The order was approved by a Royal Decree on April 10, 1841. Governor Pedro Menchaca was the first appointed governor. The province had its first taste of civil government in 1902 when it was reorganized by the Philippine Commission.The present territory of Nueva Vizcaya was the result of changes emanating from the formal creation of the province of Isabela in May 1856, wherein a great portion of its northern territory was ceded to the newly born province.The organization of the province of Ifugao in 1908 further reduced the area of Nueva Vizcaya which was forced to give up its northwest territory. The survey executed by the Bureau of Lands in 1914 caused the diminution of its area once again upon the enactment of Administrative Code of 1917.Finally, in 1971, with the passage of Republic Act No. 6394, Quirino, then a sub-province of Nueva Vizcaya, was separated from its mother province and made into a regular province. But even with slices of land given away to new emerging territories, the province of Nueva Vizcaya still holds a wide territory today.NUEVA VIZCAYA DESCRIPTIONSThe history of Nueva Vizcaya could still be reflected from the culture and customs of its early settlers, which included the Ilongots (now called Bugkalots), Igorots, Ifugaos, Isinais, and Gaddangs. The influx of civilization and the infusion of modern technology to the lifestream of the province induced many immigrants from the adjacent provinces, primarily Ilocanos, Tagalogs, Pangasinenses, Kapampangans, among others.Located about 268 north of Metro Manila, the province is tagged to be the new alternative destination for outdoor and environment enthusiasts. Considered a watershed haven, it is 70 percent forestland. It is strategically bounded by the Sierra Madre Mountain Ranges, Caraballo Mountains, and Cordillera Mountains. It is also the gateway to the Nueva Vizcaya Valley Region and the Banaue Rice Terraces, eighth Wonder of the World.GeographyHome of the Isinais, Nueva Vizcaya is located in the northcentral part of Luzon in Region 2. It is surrounded by notable mountain ranges such as the Sierra Madre on the east, Caraballo on the south, and Cordillera on the west. The province has several principal rivers: Magat, Matuno, Marang, Sta. Fe, and Sta. Cruz. All these rivers are tributaries of the Magat River which flows into the Nueva Vizcaya River. The province is bounded on the north and northeast by the province of Ifugao and Isabela, on the east and southeast by Qurino and Aurora, on the south by Nueva Ecija, and on the west by Benguet and Pangasinan.Political SubdivisionThe province is considered as one congressional district and has 15 municipalities and 274 barangays. Bayombong is the provincial capital while Solano and Kayapa are its commercial and summer capital, respectivelyPopulationThe year 2000 census of population for Nueva Vizcaya was registered at 366,692.Language/DialectThe majority of the people speak Ilocano, comprising 66.9 percent of households.

ClimateNueva Vizcaya is relatively dry from November to April and relatively wet during the rest of the year. Maximum temperature ranges from 22-25 degrees Celsius. December and January are the coldest months when temperature falls to about 20 degrees Celsius while the warmest months are April and May. Nueva Vizcaya is often referred to as lowland Baguio because of its pleasant climate.Major IndustriesThe province has basically an agricultural economy with commerce, trade, and industry contributing to its growth and development. Among other major economic activities are farming and cattle and swine raising. Primary crops are palay and corn. Minor crops are rootcrops, vegetables, and fruits. The province produces quality onions and vegetables often sold in Metro Manila. Oranges and mangoes are now major crops being exported fresh to Asian countries

QuirinoAng Quirino ay magubat na lalawigan sa Rehiyon II. Ang pangalan ng lalawigang ito ay hinango sa pangalan ng dating Pangulong Elpidio Quirino, ang ikaanim na Pangulo ng Pilipinas. Ang kabesera ng lalawigang ito ay Cabarroguis.HeograpiyaBinubuo nang 2,486 kilometro kuwadrado ang buong lalawigan ng Quirino, na nasa hanggahan ng Aurora sa timog-silangan, Nueva Vizcaya sa kanluran, at Isabela sa hilaga. Ang lalawigan ng Quirino ay dating bahagi ng lalawigan ng Nueva Vizcaya hanggang sa ito ay humiwalay noong 1966. Bulubundukin ang lalawigang ito. Ang Quirino na may anim na munisipalidad, isang distriktong Pambatasan at 110 barangay.DemograpiyaAng populasyon ng Quirino ay mayroong 148,575 noong 2000.WikaIlokano ang wikang ginagamit ng 71.46 porsiyento ng populasyon. Ang ibang wika ay Ifugao, Bungkalot, Pangasinense at Kankanay.IndustriyaAgrikultura ang pangunahing industriya nito. Ang mga pananim tulad ng bigas at mais ang pangunahing produkto bilang tugon sa pangangailangan ng mga tnaninirahan sa mga karatig pook at sa metropolis.Ang Quirino ang nangungunang pinanggagalingan ng produktong saging sa Rehiyon II. Kilalang kilala ang lalawigan sa produkto nitong “banana chips.”Ang maliliit na industriya tulad ng paggawa ng muwebles at paggawa ng basket ay lumalaganap na sa buong lalawigan.EconomyAgriculture is the main industry in Cagayan Valley, together with rice and corn as major crops. These supply the demand of neighboring provinces and the metropolis. Banana as well as banana chips are major products sold in Metro Manila and Pampanga. Small scale industries like furniture making, basketry, rattan craft, and dried flower production are prevalent.PhysicalThe Sierra Madre mountain range provides a natural barrier on the eastern and southern border of the province and the Mamparang Range on the western part. The province is generally mountainous, with about 80 percent of the total land area covered by mountains and highlands.The province has a mean annual temperature of 33.6 degree Celsius. Warmest month is May and the least dry months are March to August while the rest of the year is neither too dry nor too wet. Rainy days occur from September to November.[edit]HistoryLong before its formal creation as an independent province, Quirino was the forest region of the province of Nueva Vizcaya, inhabited by tribal groups known as the Negritos. They roamed the hinterlands and built their huts at the heart of the jungle.Quirino lies in the southeastern portion of Cagayan Valley. It is situated within the upper portion of the Cagayan River basin and bounded by Isabela on the north, Aurora on the east and southeast, and Nueva Vizcaya on the west and southwest.The Ilocano dialect is used widely in the lowlands of the province’s various municipalities while Ifugao is predominant in the uplands.Quirino province acquired its juridical personality as a result of the division of the provinces of Nueva Vizcaya and Isabela on June 18, 1966 under RA 4734. Quirino, named after the late president Elpidio Quirino, was created as a sub-province of Nueva Vizcaya in 1966. It became a full province in 1971.On June 21, 1969, RA 5554 was enacted, amending RA 4734 and creating the municipality of Cabarroguis, now the capital town of Quirino, which was taken from portions of Diffun, Saguday, and Aglipay.RA 6394 was passed on September 10, 1971 further amending RA 5554 and separating the sub-province of Quirino from its mother province, Nueva Vizcaya, constituting it into a regular province. Hon. Leonardo B. Perez authored RA 6394.The province of Quirino was formally established on February 10, 1972 upon the assumption to office of the first elected provincial and municipal officials headed by Dionisio A. Sarandi as Provincial Governor.On February 25, 1983, Batas Pambansa Blg. 345 was enacted, creating within Quirino the municipality of Nagtipunan, a division of the municipality of Maddela.Answer:

ang pangkat na itob ay makikita sa mga orihinal na lalawigang iloko tulad ng ilocos sur, ilocos norte at la union. matatagpuan din sila sa mga lalawigang kanilang pinandarayuhan tulad ng pangasinan, nueva ecija, tarlac, zambales, nueva viscaya, abra, cagayan at isabela at sa mga lalawigan ng visayas at mindanao. maraming iloca no ang nandarayuhan. ito ay sanhi ng heograpiya ng rehiyon na bulubundukin, mahaba ang tag-araw at maikli ang tag-ulan. dahil sa heograpiya nito, likas na mahirap humanapng ikabubuhay sa rehiyon. gayunpaman, ang mga ilocano ay likas na masipag, malikhain at matipid. bihasa sila sa paggawa ng sisidlan ng tubig o imbakan ng bagoong o (burnay) na yari sa semento, buhangin at mga lalagyan ng bulaklak na yari sa luwad (paso). kilala rin ang kumot na yari sa ilocos. ito ay tinatawag na "kumot-ilokano" (inabel). mahusay silang magtanim ng tabako (virginia) na siya nilang pangunahing produkto. makasining din ang mga ilocano. mula sa kanila ang epikong "biag ni lam-ang," gayundin ang "dallot" na napakikinggan sa panahon ng pagdadalamhati. mula sa pangkat na ito galing ang dalawang naging pangulo ng pilipinas na sina elpidio r. quirino at ferdinand . marcos.

Fernando MaramagMula sa Tagalog na Wikipedia, ang malayang ensiklopedyaSi Fernando Maramag ay isang sikat na nanunulat sa Pilipinas.Itinuturing na isa si Fernando Maramag sa mga pinakamagagaling na manunulat na Pilipino. Nakilala siya sa larangan ng panulaan at pamamahayag. Naging editor siya ng The Manila Tribune.4 comments:

 darvin's species said...(aaaaw...)This poem is so sad but I like how love is shown by the lover. His love for his beloved is so unconditional and transcendental.(Ma. Daphne Regina T. Toledo)December 12, 2004 5:55 PM

 darvin's species said...haay.. after reading this poem i thought to myself... how lucky the maiden was to be loved by someone like the persona. in our modern times, a knight in shinning armor is hard to come by.. so girls, if ever you do spot one.. snag him right away! it's a wonderful feeling to be loved by someone very much.. as the song goes.. " the only thing you'll ever learn is to love and be loved in return.. " --------------King EchiverriDecember 12, 2004 7:24 PM

 darvin's species said...loyalty, respect, sincerity. the three things you can rarely find these days in men and women as well. all these were beautifully exemplified by the poet. :) i love how the persona in the poem admired the maid. the line "Thou art half human, half divine" shows how much the persona in the poem appreciated the maid's beauty and i assume her personality as well. the last two lines truly were beautiful (anganda tintin! you are so right!haha), it embodies the persona's sincerity for the maid and how true the persona's love was for the maid- clarissa chan banaagDecember 12, 2004 8:49 PM

 darvin's species said...Being love by someone so sweet and true, such as the persona, is every girl’s dream. (Nowadays, genuine knight in shining armors are really hard to find, and whenever I’ll find one, I'll snag him right away. Haha.=D) The poem is so sad because the love is one-sided. Yet, even if the persona knows he is not loved back, he still loves her unconditionally. -cherryDecember 20, 2004 12:18 AM

Magat River is a river in the Philippine island of Luzon. It is the largest tributary ofCagayan River, the longest and largest river system in the country, with an estimateddrainage area of 5, 110 km²,[1] roughly twenty percent of the total drainage area of the river.[edit]Magat River Integrated Irrigation SystemThe Magat River Integrated Irrigation System Project, started by the National Irrigation Administration in the 1960s, is one of the Philippine's largest irrigation projects withhydroelectric power generation capacity. Its total cost amounted to US$500 million dollars.[2]

The project is made up of the Magat reservoir, three diversion dams, a large number of irrigation canals and three pumping stations to supply irrigation water for an area of about 97,400 ha. It is also includes hydroelectric power plants; 360 MW at Magat reservoir, 6,000 kW at Baligatan and 2,500 kW Magat mini-hydroelectric power pants in Maris main canal.