Generic Kritiks with Links

•Deep Ecology•Heidegger•Bataille•Nietschze•Taoism

Kritiks on the TopicTim AldereteThe Meadows School

Topic Specific vs. Aff Specific• The Security Kritik vs. Astropolitiks• Astropolitiks vs. The Asteroid Kritik

• Threat Construction vs. China Threat (Pan)• China Threat vs. The Pearl Harbor Kritik

• Capitalism vs. Disposable Planet Mentality• Disposable Planet Mentality vs. Mars Colonialism

International Relations Realism

Realpolitik

• Anarchy – No Authority• States Have National Interests / Sovereignty• Zero Sum Competition – Relative vs Absolute

Gains• Empirical / Externally Verifiable

Realism Sources• John Mearsheimer, Professor of International Relations at the

University of Chicago 1995 “The False Promise of International Institutions” and “A Realist Reply” International Security, Spring/Summer pp 82-93

• Dale Copeland, Director Dept. of Government and Foreign Affairs @ University of Virginia, 2006 “The Constructivist Challenge to Structural Realism: A Review Essay”, Constructivism and International Relations, Alexander Wendt and His Critics

Astropolitiks

Astropolitiks

Everett Dolman - Realism applied to Space

• Zero Sum Competition• External Resources determine Power• Lack of Authority

Military Cases

• ASATs

•Missile Defense

• Satellite Hardening / SSA

• TSATs

Non Military Cases

• Space Debris

• SSP

•Mining

• Colonization

Implications

•Military Industrial Complex – MacDonald

• Authoritarian Space – Orr

Orr, 4 – Professor of Sociology at Syracuse University (Jackie, The Militarization of Inner Space, Critical Sociology, Sage Journals)

• Security Competition - Grondin

Alternatives

Liberal Internationalism / Institutionalism

• Arms Control / The Outer Space Treaty

• Deterritorialization / Sovereignty in Space

• David Grondin, 2006 – Assistant Professor, School of Political Studies, University of Ottawa The (Power) Politics of Space: The U.S. Astropolitical Discourse of Global Dominance in the War on Terror

Alternatives

Critical Geography

As has already been made clear, this sort of project is by no means new. Just as astropolitics situates itself within a Mackinderian geographical tradition, so a critical geography of outer space can draw on geography’s early modern cosmographical origins, as well as on more recent emancipatory perspectives that might interrogate the workings of race, class, gender and imperialism. Space is already being produced in and through Earthly regimes of power in ways that undoubtedly threaten social justice and democracy. A critical geography of space, then, is not some far-fetched or indulgent distraction from the ‘real world’; Fraser MacDonald: Anti-Astropolitik outer space and the orbit of geography 611 rather, as critical geographers we need to think about the contest for outer space as being constitutive of numerous familiar operations, not only in respect of international relations and the conduct of war, but also to the basic infrastructural maintenance of the state and to the lives of its citizenry.

Fraser Macdonald, 2007 – Professor of Human Geography at the University of Melbourne Anti-Astropolitik: Outer Space and the Orbit of Geography, Progress in Human Geography Online

Asteroid Kritik

Felicity Mellor 2007 PhD Theoretical Physics Newcastle University, Colliding Worlds: Asteroid Research and the Legitimization of War in Space, Social Studies of Science, Vol. 37, Aug., pp. 499-531, http://www.jstor.org/stable/2547453,)

*Credit to Whit Whitmore for the cite.

Asteroid Kritik

Asteroid! Kritik!

Asteroid Kritik

• Threat construction / Anthropomorphism

• Apocalyptic Rhetoric

• Militarism / Justifying Star Wars/SDI

China Threat Kritik

• Competition is inevitable

• Capabilities determine Intentions

• Realism applied in Asia

• Self Fulfilling Prophecy

Pearl Harbor Kritik

Pearl Harbor Kritik

• 2001 Space Commission for the Management of Space – Rumsfeld

• Historical analogies as Narratives / Stories

• Implied Messages in stories / Purposes of Narratives

• National Stereotypes / Racialized Violence

Capitalism Kritik

Capitalism Kritik

Consumer / Producer Relationship

• Consumption is virtuous

• Consumption / Production is Progressive

• Economic competition will preserve scarce resources

Types of Links

• Competition – Winners and Losers – Resource Conflicts

• Consumption – Over exploitation of Resources

• Commodification – reduction to Instrumental value / devaluation

Disposable Planet Mentality

• “Infinite Resources” – technical vs. actual

• Overconsumption mindset – Environment

• Space Junk

Space Colonialism Kritik

• History of Colonialism / spread of Neo Liberalism

• Anthropocentrism

• Potential for a Word PIC

Privatization Kritiks

• Affirmatives using Market Mechanisms

• Commodifying Space “Territory” and “Resources”

Frontier Myth Kritik

• American mythology – Rugged Individualism

• Lawless / Dangerous / Wasteland Imagery

• Acceptance of Devaluation of life / “Vigilante” conflicts

Gender Kritik

•Manned Space Flight – NASA culture

• To Boldly go where no Man has gone before

• Phallic Imagery

The Overview Effect

The Overview Effect

•Mindset Change / Human Spaceflight

• An Advantage

• 100th Monkey

Heidegger

• Technology / Technologic

• Enlightenment / Rationality

• Ontology and Ethics

Hope

• Policy Making / Educated Hope – Giroux

• Space and Hope – alternative to Astropolitik

• Science Fiction / Scenarios

Anthropocentrism

• SETI – Advantage

• Colonization / Human Space Flight

• Deep Ecology / Social Ecology

Bataille

• Blah blah blah blah

• Blah blah blah blah

• Blah blah BLAU blah