Generative and Nonlinear phnology
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Generative and Non-linear Phonology by Durand Rules : 1- /r/ → r / -voice - continuant The phoneme /r/ is realized as voiceless in the context of a preceding voiceless stop . 2 - L-realization [ / ] C¹ elsewhere // → [І] / / is velarized in two contexts: at the end of a word and when it is followed by one or more consonants. It is not velarized elsewhere . 3 - Lengthening V → [+ long] / ( j ) C + voice A vowel (V) is lengthened in the context of a following voiced consonant ( C), with an optional /j/ intervening between the two . 4 - Flapping t → ɾ / V V
Transcript of Generative and Nonlinear phnology
Generative and Non-linear Phonology by Durand Rules:
1- /r/ → r / -voice- continuant
The phoneme /r/ is realized as voiceless in the context of a preceding voiceless stop.
2 -L-realization[ / ]
C¹ elsewhere // →
]І[
// is velarized in two contexts: at the end of a word and when it is followed by one or more consonants. It is not velarized elsewhere.
3 -Lengthening
V → ]+ long[ / ( j ) C + voice
A vowel (V) is lengthened in the context of a following voiced consonant ( C), with an optional /j/ intervening between the two.
4 -Flapping
t → ɾ / V V d stressed unstressed
The voicing contrast between /t/ and /d/ is neutralized in this context and the result is the flap.
5 -
)a /z/ / + coronal + strident
)b + cor / - voice + str
- voice)c + cor / + voice
+ str + voice
plur → add /z/ after all ]+coronal, +strident[ segments add /z/ after all remaining ]-voice[ segments add /s/ after all remaining ]+voice[ segments
)b and (c can be replaced by:
6+ -cor
αvoice/ plur → +strid αvoice
7 -Mid-Vowel Lowering (MVLOW):
)a V Cº ə C -high → +low / C
)blow-Condition: CC in (a is not obstruent +liquid
)a tells us that lowering takes place if a consonant (C ) is followed by a schwa from which itcan be separated by a string of zero or more consonants:
C C° ərose /rozə/ → r z ə 'rose'mettre /metrə/ → m ε t r ə 'to put'
'murder'meurtre /mørtrə/ → m œ r tr ə
)b indicates that MVLOW occurs before two consonants (CC ) or a consonant followed by a word boundary ( C ):
C C heurter /ørte/ → œ r t e
C sec /sek/ → s ε k
8 -Obligatory schwa- deletion in front of a vowel( elision(domain: phrases)):
/ ə/ → ø / ¹ VThe subscripted hash symbol indicates that elision can take place across one word or more word boundaries.
9 -Truncation C
-[sonorant →]ø /
A final obstruent is deleted when the following word begins with a consonant , or at the end of a phrase.
10 -A low back vowel:
V C)articulatorily-based features(+[ low[ → ]α back / ] ] αcoronal[
11 -The determination of the extrinsic allophones of the low vowel // is straightforward in acoustic terms:
V C+[low[ → ]αgrave / ] ]αgrave[
12 -- son
+ lab -cont- cor / +lab /mp/
+ ant -cor+ ant
- son- lab -cont
+ cor / -lab /nt/+ ant +cor
+ ant
- son- lab -cont
- cor / -lab /k/- ant -cor
- ant
The nasal consonant and the plosive agree in point of articulation. This rule can be abbreviated:
Nasal Place Assimilation
- son-cont αlab
+[nasal → ]βcor / αlab ant βcor
ant
