Generation of 1

8/3/2019 Generation of 1

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/generation-of-1 1/11

4G TECHNOLOGY

GENERATION OF TECHNOLOGY

4G TECHNOLOGY:

When talking about 4G, question comes to our mind is what is 4G Technology.

4G is short for Fourth (4th) Generation Technology. 4G Technology is basically

the extension in the 3G technology with more bandwidth and services offers in the

3G. But at this time nobody exactly knows the true 4G definition. Some people

say that 4G technology is the future technologies that are mostly in their maturity

period. The expectation for the 4G technology is basically the high quality



audio/video streaming over end to end Internet Protocol. If the Internet Protocol

(IP) multimedia sub-system movement achieves what it going to do, nothing of this

possibly will matter. One of the terms used to describe 4G is MAGIC²Mobile

multimedia, anytime anywhere, Global mobility support, integrated wireless

solution, and customized personal service.

TECHNOLOGY OF 4G:

Many Technologies appear in many different flavours and have many diverse tags

attached to them, but that does not really indicate that they are moving in dissimilar

tracks. The technologies that fall in the 4G categories are UMTS, OFDM, SDR,

TD-SCDMA, MIMO and WiMAX to the some extent.

WiMAX:

WiMAX stands for Worldwide Interoperability of Microwave Access previously

worked as fixed wireless facility under the 802.16e band. Now the modified

standard 802.16m has been developed with the properties of speed, wide spectrum,

and increase band.



4G has an advantage of having the WiMAX as a product because IEEE introduces

and releases it already therefore economic as no need to pay for its manufacturing

price. 4G supports two basic equipments;

y WiMAX Network system (network infrastructure)

y mobile phone set

Smart phones with Wireless Access are going to be introduced in the market are

the model 4G mobiles. These smart phone are equipped with the wireless internet

accessibility and no fear of losing connection while travel from one tower to

another tower range.

Based on the IP wireless connectivity, it increases the optimization for the internet.

It manages the voice through packet-switching instead of circuit switching. Internetconnectivity with specific IP not only increases the speed but also reliability of the

sending and receiving of data.

LTE:

As LTE is compatible with 3G technology so it not only increases the speed but

also prevents the need of new network and can work through the same



infrastructure. LTE will not only support the functions of 3G but also incorporate

some newer ones. LTE is using MIMO (Multiple input multiple output) able to

send and receive huge data negative in the sense that it will overload the base

stations networks. While seeing the working methodologies of both technologies

considered to be the standards of 4G,the future is of mobile business.

Some of the other Technologies:

UMTS:

Fourth-Generation universal mobile telecommunications system, often abbreviated

4G UMTS, is a wireless telecommunications data transfer standard. Though there

are a number of devices that claim to use 4G UMTS, the original standards set by

the International Telecommunication Network are not yet met by these devices. 4G

UMTS uses many of the same devices and much of the same infrastructure as

Third-Generation UMTS (3G UMTS).

UMTS, sometimes referred to as wideband code division multiple access

(WCDMA), uses Internet protocol (IP) technology to connect wireless users with

the Internet. First developed in the 1990s, UMTS is a reliable network that is

frequently used to transmit data and voice.

OFDM:

OFDM stands for Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing; it¶s a

technology that provides the operator to beat the challenges of Non-Line-of-Sight(NLOS) transmission in the more efficient manner. Orthogonal Frequency

Division Multiplexing (OFDM) waveform put forward the advantage of

functioning with the larger delay spread of the NLOS background.

OFDM is designed to send data over hundreds of parallel streams, thus increasing

the amount of information that can be sent at a time over traditional CDMA

networks

Another radio technology with tremendous potential for helping solve spectrumchallenges is OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing). OFDM is a

modulation technique, depicted in the following graphic, which uses many sub-

carriers, or tones, to carry a signal.



OFDM has some key advantages over the common wireless access technology

known as CDMA, which is used in many of today¶s 3G cellular networks. To

begin with, it is more robust, which means that it provides better performance incluttered areas with many reflections (multipath). It also allows for simpler

receivers.

Software-defined radio (SDR)



SDR is one form of open wireless architecture (OWA). Since 4G is a collection of

wireless standards, the final form of a 4G device will constitute various standards.

This can be efficiently realized using SDR technology, which is categorized to the

area of the radio convergence.

MIMO:

In radio, multiple-input and multiple-output, or MIMO is the use of multiple

antennas at both the transmitter and receiver to improve communication performance. It is one of several forms of smart antenna technology. Note that the

terms input and output refer to the radio channel carrying the signal, not to the

devices having antennas.

MIMO technology has attracted attention in wireless communications, because it

offers significant increases in data throughput and link range without additional

bandwidth or transmit power. It achieves this by higher spectral efficiency (more

bits per second per hertz of bandwidth) and link reliability or diversity (reduced

fading). Because of these properties, MIMO is an important part of modern

wireless communication standards

ISSUES RESOLVED IN 4G:

y It is considered to embed IP feature in the set for more security purpose as

high data rates are send and receive through the phone using 4G mobile

technology.



y 4G mobile technology is going to be able to download at a rate of 100Mbps

like mobile access and less mobility of 1GBps for local access of wireless.

y The implementation is in progress to avoid the call interference in case of

data download from a website. It will propose 128 Mbps downlink data rate

and 56Mbps uplink data rate which is an extra ordinary step in 4G mobile

technology. The service will limit as the availability of hotspot is condition

for the internet connectivity.

y LTE is intended to incorporate in 4G mobiles. It is also a wireless

technology for the broadband access. The difference between WiMAX and

LTE is that LTE goes for the IP Address. It follows the same TCP / IP

concept inherited from networking technology. Restricted for the IP

addresses it will provide great security as well as high data transferability,

avoid latency, having the ability to adjust the bandwidth. LTE is compatible

with CDMA so able to back n forth the data in between both networks.

y Third generation mobile phones having the features of high speed datatransfer rate, mobile internet, video calling, MMS, SMS, Bluetooth and

gaming are very thrilling. 3G mobile technologies have been developed into

iPhone presently with added features is known as Smartphone. Now people

are breathtakingly waiting for the 4G mobile technology.

APPLICATIONS:

VIRTUAL NAVIGATION AND TELEGEOPROCESSING:-



You will be able to see the internal layout of a building

during an emergency rescue. This type of application is some time referred to as

µtelegeoprocessing¶.

A remote database will contain the graphical representation of streets, buildings

and physical characteristics of a large metropolis. Blocks of this database will be

transmitted in rapid sequence to a vehicle, where a rendering program will permit

the occupants to visualize the environment ahead. They may also µvirtually¶ see the

internal layout of buildings to plan an emergency rescue or engage hostile elements

hidden in the building

.

TELEMEDICINE:-

A paramedic assisting a victim of a traffic accident in a

remote location could access medical records (X-rays) and establish a video

conference so that a remotely based surgeon could provide µon-scene¶ assistance.



CRISIS MANAGEMENT APPLICATION:-

In the event of natural disasters where the entire

communications infrastructure is in disarray, restoring communications quickly is

essential. With wideband wireless mobile communications, limited and even total

communication capability(including Internet and video services) could be set up

within hours instead of days or even weeks required at present for restoration of

wire line communications.

ADVANTAGES OF 4G:-

1. Support for interactive multimedia services like teleconferencing and wireless

Internet.

2. Wider bandwidths and higher bitrates.

3. Global mobility and service portability.

4. Scalability of mobile network.

5. Entirely Packet-Switched networks.

6. Digital network elements.

7. Higher band widths to provide multimedia services at lower cost(up to 100

Mbps).

8. Tight network security

Generation of 1

Documents

Transcript of Generation of 1