566 x. Tumors and Tumorlike Lesions of the Synovial Membrane

Epithelioid Sarcoma

Bliss BO, Reed RJ (1968) Large cell sarcomas of tendon sheath. Malignant giant cell tumors of tendon sheath. Am J Clin Pathol 49: 776-781

Bryan RS, Soule EH, Dobyns JH, Pritchard DJ, Lin­scheid RL (1974) Primary epithelioid sarcoma of the hand and forearm. A review of thirteen cases. J Bone Joint Surg [Am] 56:458-465

Enzinger FM (1970) Epithelioid sarcoma. A sarcoma simulating a granuloma or a carcinoma. Cancer 26: 1029-1041

Enzinger FM (1977) Recent developments in the classification of soft tissue sarcoma. In: Manage­ment of primary bone and soft tissue tumors. Year­book Medical Publishers, Chicago, pp 219-234

Fisher ER, Horvat B (1972) The fibrocytic derivation

General References Ackerman LV, Spjut HJ (1962) Tumors of bone and

cartilage. Atlas of tumor pathology, Fasc 4. Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, Washington DC

Aegerter E, Kirkpatrick JA, Jr (1975) Orthopedic diseases: Physiology, pathology, radiology, 4th edn. Saunders, Philadelphia

Barry HC (1969) Paget's disease of bone. Livingstone, Edinburgh

Brachetto Brian D (1966) Tumores de los huesos. Edi­torial Universitaria, Buenos Aires

Coley BL (1960) Neoplasms of bone and related con­ditions: Their etiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment, 2nd edn. Harper (Hoeber), New York

Dahlin DC (1978) Bone tumors, 3rd edn. Thomas, Springfield, Illinois

Dominok GW, Knoch HG (1977) Knochengesch­wiilste und geschwiilstahnliche Knochenerkrankun­gen, 2nd edn. Fischer, Jena

Edeiken J, Hodes PJ (1977) Roentgen diagnosis of disease of bone. Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore, Maryland

Fairbanks T (1951) An atlas of general affections of the skeleton. Livingstone, Edinburgh

Fraumeni JF, Jr (1967) Stature and malignant tumors of bone in childhood and adolescence. Cancer 20: 967-973

Geschickter CF, Copeland MM (1949) Tumors of bone, 3rd edn. EM Lippincott, Philadelphia

Gilmer WW, Highley GB, Kilgore WA (1963) Atlas of bone tumors. St Louis Missouri

Glass AG, Fraumeni JF (1970) Epidemiology of bone cancer in children. JNCI 44: 187-199

of the so-called epithelioid sarcoma. Cancer 30: 1074-1081

Frable WJ, Kay S, Lawrence W, Schatzki PF (1973) Epithelioid sarcoma. An electron microscopic study. Arch PathoI95:8-12

Gabbiani G, Fu YS, Kaye GI, Lattes R, Majno G (1972) Epithelioid sarcoma. A light and electron microscopic study suggesting a synovial origin. Cancer 30:486-499

Santiago H, Feinerman LK, Lattes R (1972) Epithe­lioid sarcoma. A clinical and pathologic study of nine cases. Hum Pathol 3: 133-147

Soule EH, Enriquez P (1972) Atypical fibrous histio­cytoma, malignant fibrous histiocytoma, malignant histiocytoma, and epithelioid sarcoma. A compara­tive study of 65 tumors. Cancer 30:128-143

Greenfield GB (1969) Radiology of bone disease. Li ppincott, Philadelphia

Grundmann E (edr) (1976) Malignant bone tumors (Recent Results in Cancer Research, Vol 54). Springer-Verlag, Berlin-Heidelberg-New York

Hellner H (1950) Die Knochengeschwiilste, 2nd edn. Springer-Verlag, Berlin-Heidelberg-New York

Hirohata K, Morimoto K (1977) Ultrastructure of bone and joint diseases. Grune & Stratton, New York

Huvos AG (1979) Bone tumors. Diagnostic, treat­ment and prognosis. Saunders, Philadelphia

Jaffe HL (1958) Tumors and tumorous conditions of the bones and joints. Lea & Febiger, Philadelphia

Jaffe HL (1972) Metabolic, degenerative and in­flammatory diseases of bone and joints. Lea &

Febiger, Philadelphia Jaffe N (ed) (1979) Progress in pediatric hema­

tology oncology, Vol II. Bone Tumors in Children. Publishing Science Group, Acton, Massachusetts

Kolodny A (1927) Bone sarcoma. The primary malig­nant tumors of bone and the giant cell tumor. Surg Gynecol Obstet 44: 1, Suppl 1

Larsson SE, Lorentzon R (1974) The geographic variation of the incidence of malignant primary bone tumors in Sweden J. Bone Joint Surg [Am] 56:592-600

Lichtenstein L (1977) Bone tumors, 5th edn. Mosby, St Louis, Missouri

Lodwick GS (1965) A systemic approach to roentgen diagnosis of bone tumors. Tumors of bone and soft tissues. Yearbook Medical Publishers, Chicago

MacKenzie A, Court Brown W, Doll R, Sissons HA (1961) Mortality from primary tumors of bone in England and Wales. Br Med J 1: 1782-1790

References

Milch RA, Changus GW (1956) Response of bone to tumor invasion. Cancer 9: 340

Murray RO, Jacobson HG (1971) The radiology of skeletal disorders. Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore, Maryland

Netherlands Committee on Bone Tumours (1966) Radiological atlas of bone tumors, Vol I. Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore, Maryland

Netherlands Committee on Bone Tumours (1973) Radiological atlas of bone tumors, Vol II. Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore, Maryland

Nielsen SW (1976) Comparative pathology of bone tumors in animals with particular emphasis on the dog. Recent Results Cancer Res 54:3-16

Owen LN (1969) Bone tumours in man and animals. Butterworth, London

Paget J (1853) Lectures on surgical pathology, Vol 2. Longmans, Green, New York

Pique JA, Schajowicz F (1948) Tumores de los huesos. EI Ateneo, Buenos Aires

Price CHG, Ross FGM (eds) (1973) Bone, certain aspects of neoplasia. Proceedings of the 24th Sym­posium of the Colston Research Society. Butter­worth, London

Ranninger K (ed ) (1977) Diseases of the skeletal system (Roentgen diagnosis): Part 6, Bone tumors. Springer-Verlag, Berlin-Heidelberg-New York

Schajowicz F (1959) Tumores malignos primitivos de los huesos. Anat Pathol 30th Argent Cong Surg pp 241-374

567

Schajowicz F, Ackerman LV, Sissons HA (1972) Histological typing of bone tumors. International histological classification of tumors, No.6. W orId Health Organization, Geneva

Sissons HA (1977) Population studies of bone tu­mours. Proc Soc Med 64:643-644

Sissons HA, Duthie RB (1959) A survey of the biological properties of tumours of bone. In: Rock CE, Ross JP (eds) British surgical progress. Butter­worth, London, pp 157-175

Spjut HJ, Dorfman HD, Fechner RE, Ackerman LV (1971) Tumors of bone and cartilage. Atlas of tumor pathology, 2nd ser, Fasc 5. Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, Washington, DC

Trifaud A, Meary R (1972) Pronostic et traitment des sarcomes osteogeniques. Masson, Paris

Uehlinger E (1973) Pathologische Anatomie der Knochengeschwiilste. Helv Chir Acta 40: 5

Valls J, Ottolenghi CE, Schajowicz F (1942) La biopsia por aspiracion en el diagnostico de las lesiones oseas. El Ateneo, Buenos Aires

Virchow R (1864-1865) Die krankhaften Gesch­wiilste, 2nd vol. Hirschwald, Berlin

Weinmann JP, Sicher H (1947) Bone and bones. Fundamentals of bone biology. Mosby, St. Louis, Missouri

Willis RA (1953) Pathology of tumours, 2nd edn. Butterworth, London

Index

Acid phosphatase 227 Adamantinoma 384- 391

clinical findings 385 incidence 384 pathogenesis 389-390 pathologic features 385, 389 prognosis 390-391 radiographic features 385 treatment 390- 391

Adenomas 500 Adipose tissue 339 Age

adamantinoma 385 aneurysmal bone cyst 427 brown tumor of hyperparathyroidism 500 chondroblastoma 135, 136 chondroma llO

multiple 120 chondromyxoid fibroma 150 chondrosarcoma

primary 161 secondary 178

chordoma 376 clear-cell chondrosarcoma 195 clear-cell sarcoma 559 desmoplastic fibroma 335 diffuse articular lipomatosis 545 eosinophilic granuloma 466-467, 479 epidermoid cysts 507 epithelioid sarcoma 559 Ewing's sarcoma 244-245 fibrosarcoma 343 fibrous histiocytoma, malignant 366 giant-cell tumor 206- 207 hemangioma 303, 546 juxta-articular bone cysts 442 juxtacortical osteosarcoma 95 - 96 Letterer-Siwe syndrome 467 lipoma 339, 546 liposarcoma 360 massive osteolysis 317 mesenchymoma, malignant 362 metaphyseal fibrous defect 451-452

multifocal osteosarcoma 84 myeloma 281 myositis ossificans 491 neurilemmoma 389 osteoblastoma, genuine 47 osteochondroma 124

multiple 132 osteoid osteoma 36 osteosarcoma 65 Paget's sarcoma 401 peripheral osteosarcoma 89-90 pigmented villonodular synovitis 527 reticulosarcoma 268-269 solitary bone cyst 419 synovial chondroma 548 synovial chondromatosis 532 synovial sarcoma 55 1

Alkaline phosphatase activity 66, 83 Amputation specimens 15-16 Amyloidosis 296 Anatomic site see Localization Aneurysmal bone cyst (multiocular hematic bone cyst)

426-441 clinical findings 427 definition 426 incidence 427 pathogenesis 436, 441 pathologic findings 431, 433, 436 prognosis 441 radiographic findings 428-431 treatment 441

Angioblastic origin 389 Angioblastoma, malignant 389 Angiography 3 Angiosarcoma 319, 329 Annular sequestrum 4 1 Antoni A and B type tissue 392 Arthritis 36 Articular lipomatosis, diffuse 545-546 Aspiration biopsy 5-6, 8, 15, 370

figures 7, 9-14 histochemical studies 6, 8 recommended method 15

569

570

Basaloid histologic pattern 389 Benign, adjective 56 Benign osteoblastoma, Jee Osteoblastoma, genuine Benign tumors

low-grade malignant versus 109 malignant transformation of, Jee Malignant transformation metastases 148

Biochemistry brown rumor of hyperparathyroidism 500 chondrosarcoma 176 osteosarcoma 84

Biologic behavior, histologic appearance versus 109 Biopsy 3-16

aspiration, Jee Aspiration biopsy cartilaginous rumor 176 prior radiation 4 surgical 4- 5

Body-section radiography (tomography) 3 Bone caviry caused by ganglion 441 Bone cyst

aneurysmal, Jee Aneurysmal bone cyst juxta-articular, Jee Juxta-articular bone cyst latent and active 421 solitary, Jee Solitary bone cyst simple 424

Bone formation, tumor versus reactive 82 Bone-forming rumors 25-103

benign, Jee Osteoblastoma; Osteoid osteoma; Osteoma malignant, Jee Juxtacortical osteosarcoma; Osteosarcoma

Bone scan (scintigraphy) 3 Bone sclerosis 285, 289 Bone-seeking radionuclides 409 Bone specimens, handling 15-16 Bone tumors

classification of, Jee Classification of bone tumors histologic types 243

C-type RNA virus 86-87 Calcifying and ossifYing chondtomas 111, 117 Calcifying giant-cell tumor 135 Caloric source 443-444 Cancellous osteoblastoma 48- 52 Capsulo-synovial intraosseous inclusions 442 Cartilage-forming tumors 109-195

benign 109- 160 chondroblastoma, Jee Chondroblastoma chondroma, Jee Chondroma chondromyxoid fibroma 148, 160 dysplasia epiphysealis hemimelica 134 osteochrondroma, jee Osteochondroma table of 109

biologic behavior versus histologic appearance 109 malignant 160- 198

chondrosarcoma, Jee Chondrosarcoma juxtacortical chondrosarcoma 179, 186- 187 mesenchymal chondrosarcoma 191-195

Cartilage tumor criteria for malignancy 167, 174 osteosarcoma 72, 74

Cartilaginous tumor, biopsy 176 CAT scan (computerized axial tomography) 3

Cellular pleomorphism 74 Chelating agents 16 Chemotherapy

eosinophilic granuloma 480 Ewing's sarcoma 264 myeloma 298 peripheral osteosarcoma 88

Chondroblastic osteosarcoma 65, 80 Chondroblastoma 21, 135- 148

age 135, 136 benign and malignant varieties 13 5 chondromyxoid fibroma, transitional stages 146 clinical findings 136-137 cystic 146 defini tion 13 5 electron microscopy 147 histochemistry 147 histopathology 143-146 incidence 13 5 malignant transformation 148 pathogenesis 147- 148 pathology 137, 140-146 prognosis 148 radiographic features 137 treatment 135, 148

Chondroma 110-121, 380 calcifying and ossifying 111 clinical findings 110 definition 110 fibromyxoid, Jee Chondromyxoid fibroma hands and feet 113 incidence 110 juxtacortical 115-117 malignant transformation 113, 177 -179 multiple 117 - 121

clinical findings 120 malignant transformation 121 pathology 121 prognosis 121 radiographic features 120 - 121 treatment 121

pathologic findings 112 - 113 prognosis 113, 115 radiographic features 111- 112 treatment 113, 115

Chondroid chordomas 382

Index

Chondroid substance, transitional stage 146 Chondromyxoid fibroma (fibromyxoid chondroma) 21,

148, 150-160 chondroblastoma, transitional stages 146 clinical findings 150- 15 1 fibromyxoid chondroma, term 158 histopathology 154, 157-158 incidence 148 malignant transformation 160 pathogenesis 158 pathologic findings 153- 158 prognosis 159- 160 radiographic features 151 - 153 treatment 159- 160

Chondrosarcoma 160-179, 382, 384, 519 biochemistry 176

Index

biopsy 176 classification, table of 161 clear-cell variant 195 dedifferentiated 194-195 definition 160 electron microscopy 176 genesis 163 incidence 176 mesenchymal 191- 195 postradiation 407 primary 161- 177

central 161-174 clinical findings 161, 163 hands and feet 174-176 histologic features 167, l74, 176 osteosarcomas versus 160-161 pathologic features 167-176 radiographic features 163-167

prognosis 176-177 secondary 177 - l79 treatment 176-177

Chordoma 378-384 clinical findings 378-379 definition 378 differential diagnosis 382, 384 electron microscopy 382, 384 hisrogenesis 382, 384 incidence 376 pathologic findings 379- 382 prognosis 384 radiographic findings 379 treatment 384

Circumscribed osteoblastoma, see Osteoid osteoma Classification of bone tumors 17 - 21

Aegerter and Kirkpatrick concept 21 cytologic 18 Ewi[\g 17 histogenetic 18 table of 18 tumorlike lesions, table of 21 WHO system 18- 19, 21

table of 19 Clear-cell chondrosarcoma 195 Clear-cell sarcoma 559 Clinical-histologic correlation 229, 478-479 Codman's triangle 68 Collagen, types 84 Collagenolytic activity 74 Computerized axial tomography (CAT scan) 3 Computerized tomography 167 Connective tissue tumors 335 - 373

benign 335-341 desmoplastic fibroma, see Desmoplastic fibroma lipoma 339- 341

malignant 342- 373; see also Fibrosarcoma; Fibrous histiocytoma

liposarcoma' 360 mesenchymoma, malignant 330, 362

Corticalosteoblastoma 35,48-52 Cryosurgery 115 Cystic angiomatosis (hamartous hemolymphangiomatosis) of

bone 309, 311, 317

Cystic chondroblastoma 146 Cytologic classification 17

Decalcification, specimen handling 15 Dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma 194-195, 362 Definition

adamantinoma 384 aneurysmal bone cyst 426 chondroblastoma 135 chondroma 110 chondrosarcoma 160 chordoma 376 desmoplastic fibroma 335 eosinophilic granuloma 466 Ewing's sarcoma 244 fibrosarcoma 342 fibrous dysplasia 480 giant-cell tumor 205 hemangioendothelioma 319 hemangioma 303 hemangiopericytoma 327 juxtacortical chondrosarcoma 179 lipoma 339 liposarcoma 360 mesenchymal chondtosarcoma 191 metaphyseal fibrous defect 45 1 myeloma 281 myositis ossificans 490 neurilemmoma 391 osteochondroma 121 osteoid osteoma 36 osteoma 25 osteosarcoma 65 reticulosarcoma 267 solitary bone cyst 419

Demineralization 15 Dermal inclusion tumor 389 Desmoplastic fibroma 335-339

definition 335 differential diagnosis 335, 339 pathology 335, 339 radiographic features 335 treatment 339

Diagnosis 2-3 alkaline phosphatase activity 66 benign versus low-grade malignant 109 btown tumor of hyperparathyroidism 500, 503 chordoma 382, 384 clinical findings 335

571

desmoplastic fibroma versus metaphyseal fibrous defect 335,339

eosinophilic granuloma versus reticulosarcoma 475 epidermoid cysts 5 10 error in, source of 5 Ewing's sarcoma 263

reticulosarcoma versus 243-244,252,272,273 fibrous histiocytoma 366, 370 giant-cell tumor 205, 224 glycogen 252, 260- 261 histochemistry 16 intrasosseous lipoma 341

572

Diagnosis [cont.}

juxta-articular bone cysts 448 juxtacortical chondrosarcoma 186- 187 juxtacortical osteosarcoma 99, 10 1 Letterer-Siwe syndrome 467 marrow puncture 282 myeloma 296 neurofibroma versus neurilemmoma 397 osteoblastoma versus osteoid osteoma 35-36, 48-49,

56 osteoblastoma versus osteosarcoma 49,52,61-62 osteoid osteoma versus arthri tis 36 pigmented villonodular synovitis 527 postradiation sarcoma, criteria for 409 radiology in 2 - 3 synovial sarcoma 527, 552

Diffuse articular lipomatosis 545- 546 Disappearing bone 3 17 Dyaphyseal aclasis 132 Dyschondroplasia 1l0, 117 Dysplasia epiphyseal is hemimelica 134

Eccentric chondrosarcoma 179, 186 Eccentric osteosarcoma 187 Ecchordosis physaliphora 376 Ectodermic origin 389 EDTA 15 Electrolytic decalcification 15 Electron microscopy 16-17

chondroblastoma 147 chondrosarcoma 176 chordoma 382, 384 Ewing's sarcoma 260-262 giant-cell tumor 227 mesenchymal chondrosarcoma 194 myeloma 296- 298 osteosarcoma 83-84 reticulosarcoma 275-277

Electrophoretic studies 282 Embedding in paraffin 5 Enchondtoma 109-113, 177

calcifying and ossifying 117 Enchondromatosis, multiple 117 - 12 1 Endothelial myeloma 243 Endothelioma of bone, diffuse 243 Enostosis, see Osteoma, medullary Enzymatic activity 16, 74 Eosinophilic granuloma 466-480

clinical findings 467 -468 definition 466 differential diagnosis 475 histopathology-clinical correlation 478-479 incidence 467 pathologic findings 470, 475 -480 radiographic features 468-470 unified c~ncept 466-467, 479

Epidermoid cysts of bone 507, 510 Epiphyseal chondtoblastoma 135 Epiphyseal chondtomatous giant-cell tumor 135 Epithelial cysts 507 Epithelioid sarcoma 559, 561

Index

Ethylenediaminetetracetic acid (EDT A) 15 Etiology 2; see also Pathogenesis; Postradiation malignant

transformation; Trauma adamantinoma 385, 389 aneurysmal bone cysts 436, 441 diffuse articular lipomatosis 545 epidermoid cysts 5 10 giant-cell tumor 227 myositis ossificans 490 osteosarcoma 86-88 pigmented villonodular synovitis 527 preexisting bone lesions, see Preexisting bone lesions synovial chondromatosis 541 trauma, see Trauma

Ewing's sarcoma 80, 243-246, 252, 260-262, 267 clinical findings 244-245 definition 244 differential diagnosis 243-244,252,263,272,273 electron microscopy 260- 262 incidence 244 pathogenesis 262- 263 pathologic findings 246, 252, 260- 262 prognosis 263 - 264, 267 radiographic features 245 - 246 treatment 263-264, 267

Exostosing form of osteoid osteoma 52 Extra-skeletal Ewing's sarcoma 261

F. B. J. osteosarcoma virus 86 Fatty tumors 339 Fibroblastic osteosarcoma 65, 80, 342 Fibtoma 548

nonossifying, see Metaphyseal fibrous defect Fibromyxoid chondroma, see Chondromyxoid fibroma

Fibroosteoma 488 Fibrosarcoma 339, 342- 360

clinical findings 343 - 344 congenital 343, 345 definition 342 graded 354, 360 incidence 343 metastases 345 multifocal 345 Paget's disease 343 pathologic findings 345, 354, 360 ptognosis 360 radiographic features 345 secondary 343 treatment 360

F ibtous dysplasia 419, 480 - 4 90 clinical findings 480, 481, 486 definition 480, 486, 488 malignant transformation 490 pathologic findings 486, 488

Fibtous dysplasia-like lesions 389 Fibrous histiocytoma, malignant (fibroxanthosarcoma) 19,

360, 362, 366-373 clinical findings 366 diagnosis 366, 370 pathologic findings 370 prognosis 370, 373

Index

radiologic features 366, 370 treatment 370, 373

Fibrous lesions 419 Fibrous osteodystropy 419, 424 Fibrous osteomyelitis, chronic 451 Fibroxanthoma, synovial membrane 5 19 Fibroxanthosarcoma, see Fibrous histiocytoma Freezing 16 Frozen section 5

Gallium 67 citrate 3 Ganglia affecting bone 442 Ganglion cysts of bone 442 Gardner's syndrome 34 Genetic factors 87 -88 Giant-cell granuloma 207 Giant-cell reaction of bone 224 Giant-cell synovioma, benign 519 Giant-cell tumor (osteoclastoma) 205-239,519

acid phosphatase content 227 clinical findings 206- 207, 216 clinical-histologic correlation 229 as complication of Paget's disease 237-239 definition 205 diagnosis 205, 224 electron microscopy 227 etiology 227 grading 229 healing reaction in 220 histochemistry 224, 227 incidence 205 - 206 localization 207, 216 malignant 229, 232 multicentric 216 osteoclastoma, term 228 pathogenesis 227 - 229 pathology 217, 220, 224 prognosis 220 radiographic features 216- 217 symptoms 216 terminology 228 treatment 232, 237 types 229 variants of, table of 205 xanthomatous type 237

Giant cells, malignant 74 - 7 5 Giant tumors, malignant 74-75 Glomangioma 317 - 319 Glomus tumor (glomangioma) 317 - 319 Glycogen 252, 260-261 Grading

fibrosarcoma 354, 360 giant-cell tumor 229 hemangioendothelioma 3 19 prognosis 229, 360

Hamartoma, definition 21 Hamartous hemolymphagniomatosis 309, 311, 317 Hand-Schiiller-Christian syndrome 466-467, 468, 470,

476, 479

Hard parts of specimen 15 Height 65 Hemangioendothelioma 319- 325

clinical findings 320 definition 319 grading 319 incidence 319 pathologic findings 321- 323, 325 prognosis 325 radiographic findings 320- 321 Stout's criteria 319 treatment 325

Hemangioma 120, 303 - 317, 546 clinical findings 303 cystic angiomatosis 309, 311, 3 17 definition 303 incidence 303 massive osteolysis 317 pathologic features 304, 309 radiographic features 303 - 304 treatment 309

Hemangiomatosis, diffuse skeletal 309 Hemangiopericytoma 194, 327

573

Hematic bone cyst, multiocular, see Aneurysmal bone cyst Hemorrhagic osteosarcoma 75 Hereditary deforming chondrodysplasia 132 Heredity 163 Heterotopic ossification, see Myositis ossificans Histochemistry 16 Histochemical studies

aspiration biopsy 6, 8 chondroblastoma 147 Ewing's sarcoma 252,260-261 giant-cell tumor 224, 227 myeloma 291,293

Histiocytic granuloma 466, 467 Histiocytic xanthogranuloma 335, 339; see also Metaphyseal

fibrous defect; Nodular synovitis, localized Histiocytosis 466 Histiocytosis X 3 11 Histogenesis

chordoma 382, 384 clear-cell sarcoma 559 epi thelioid sarcoma 561 juxta-articular bone cyst 446, 448

Histogenetically based classification system 18 Histologic appearance

adamantinoma 385, 389 aneurysmal bone cysts 433, 435 biologic behavior versus 109 brown tumor of hyperparathyroidism 500 chondrosarcoma 167, 174, 176 clear-cell chondrosarcoma 195 clear-cell sarcoma 559 diffuse articular lipomatosis 546 eosinophilic granuloma 470, 475 -480 epidermoid cysts 507 epithelioid sarcoma 559 fibrosarcoma 354, 360 freezing of specimen 16 giant-cell tumor 220, 224 hemangioma 309, 546

574

Histologic appearance {cont,} hemangioendothelioma 321-323,325 juxta-articular bone cysts 448-451 juxtacortical chondroma 117 lipoma 341 localized nodular synovitis 526 metaphyseal fibrous defect 453, 455 myeloma 291 - 296 myositis ossificans 497 -498 neurilemmoma 392 osteoid osteoma 41, 47 Paget's sarcoma 405 pigmented villonodular synovitis 527 solitary bone cyst 420-421 synovial chondroma 548 synovial chondromatosis 541 synovial sarcoma 552-553

Histologic-clinical correlation 229, 478-479 Histologic criteria of malignancy 167, 174 Histologic pattern

Antoni A and B types 392 various 243, 389

Histopathology chondroblastoma 143-145 chondroma 113 chondromyxoid fibroma 154, 157-158 Ewing's sarcoma 246 juxtacortical osteosarcoma 100- 10 1 mesenchymal chondrosarcoma 194 osteochondroma 127, 131-132 reticulosarcoma 272 - 27 5

Hoffa's disease 546 Hyperparathyroidism

acid phosphatase 227 brown tumor of hyperparathyroidism 500, 503

Immunoallergic reaction 479 Immunoelectrophoretic studies 282 Immunotherapy 88-89 Incidence

adamantinoma 384 aneurysmal bone cyst 427 angiosarcoma 329 chondroblastoma 13 5 chondroma 110 chondromyxoid fibroma 148 chondrosarcoma 176 chordoma 376 difficulties in obtaining 1 eosinophilic granuloma 467 Ewing's sarcoma 244 fibrosarcoma 343 fibrous histiocytoma, malignant 366 giant-cell tumor 205 - 206 giant-cell tumor as complication of Paget's disease

237-239 hemangioma 303 hemangioendothelioma juxta-articular bone cysts juxtacortical chondroma

319 442

116

juxtacortical osteosarcoma 95 lipoma 339 lymphosarcoma 268 mesenchymal chondrosarcoma 191 metaphyseal fibrous defect 451 myeloma 281 osteochondroma 124 osteosarcoma 65 osteoid osteoma 36 Paget's disease 401 Paget's sarcoma 401 reticulosarcoma 268 soli tary bone cyst 4 19 table of 20

Infectious agents 87 Intracapsular chondroma 548 Intramarrow spread 93 - 95 Intraosseous cystic lesions 507

Index

Intraosseous ganglion, see also Juxta-articular bone cyst osteoarthritic lesions versus 446, 448 types of 444

Intraosseous lipoma 339, 341 Intraosseous mucous cysts 442 Ionizing radiation 2, 409 Ivory exostosis, see Osteoma, classic

Jaw bones 207 Juxta-articular bone cyst (intraosseous ganglion)

clinical findings 442 differential diagnosis 448 histogenesis 446, 448 incidence 442 pathogenesis 444, 446-448 pathologic findings 448-451 prognosis 45 1 radiographic features 442-444 synovial type 446 treatment 451

Juxtacortical chondroma incidence 116 location 116 pathologic findings radiographic findings sex 16 term 115 treatment 117

110

117 117

Juxtacortical chondrosarcoma 179, 186-192 definition 179 differential diagnosis 86, 186- 187 peripheral osteosarcoma versus 86

Juxtacortical (parosteal) osteoma 25, 27, 34 Juxtacortical (parosteal) osteosarcoma 95-103

clinical findings 95 - 96 definition 95 differential diagnosis 99, 10 1 incidence 95 pathologic finding 99- 10 1 prognosis 95, 101-103 radiographic features 96-99 treatment 101-103

441-451

Index

Kidney, myeloma of 298

Lemmocito-fibtoma 394 Lemmocytoma 391 Letterer-Siwe syndrome 467, 468, 478, 479 Leukemia 282 Lipoid granulomatosis 45 1 Lipoma 339-341, 546 Lipoma arborescens 5 19, 544, 546 Lipomatosis, diffuse 519 Liposarcoma 360, 362 Localization

adamantinoma 385 aneurysmal bone cyst 427 chondroblastoma 136-137 chondtoma 1 10 chondromyxoid fibroma 150 chondrosarcoma

primary 161 secondary 176

chordoma 377- 378 clear-cell chondrosarcoma 195 cystic angiomatosis 3 11 desmoplastic fibroma 335 diffuse articular lipomatosis 545 eosinophilic granuloma 467 -468 epithelioid sarcoma 559 Ewing's sarcoma 245 fibrosarcoma 345 fibrous histiocytoma, malignant 366 giant-cell tumor 207, 216 glomus tumor 317 hemangioma 303, 546 hemangiopericytoma 327 juxta-articular bone cysts 442 juxtacortical chondroma 116 juxtacortical osteosarcoma 96 lipoma 339, 546 localized nodular synovitiS 521 massive osteolysis 3 17 metaphyseal fibrous defect 452 multifocal osteosarcoma 84 myeloma 281 myositis ossificans 491 neurofibroma 394 neurilemmoma 391 osteochondroma, multiple 132 osteoid osteoma 36 osteoblastoma, genuine 47 osteochondroma 124 osteosarcoma 65-66 Paget's sarcoma 401-403 pigmented villonodular synovitis 526 prognosis 90 reticulosarcoma' 269 solitary bone cyst 419 synovial chondromatosis 532 synovial sarcoma 55 1

Localized nodular synovitis 521- 526 Lymphagioma 317

Lymphatic metastases 90, 93 Lymphocytic infiltration 220, 224

575

Lymphoma of bone, see Lymphosarcoma; Reticulosarcoma Lymphoreticular neoplasmas, classification of 268

Macroglobulinemia, Waldenstrom's 293 Mafucci's syndrome 110, 120 Malignancy

benign versus low-grade 109 criteria 167, 174

Malignant giant tumor 74-75 Malignant mesenchymoma 80 Malignant transformation, see also Postradiation sarcoma

benign, adjective 56 chondroblastoma 148 chondroma 113

multiple 12 1 solitary 177-179

chondtomyxoid fibroma 160 fibrous dysplasia 490 metaphyseal fibtous defect 460 osteoblastoma 56 osteochondroma 127, 132

multiple 133 Paget's disease 75 pigmented villonodular synovitis 527 synovial chondromatosis 539, 543

Marrow tumors 282; see also Ewing's sarcoma; Lymphosarcoma; Myleoma; Reticulosarcoma

Massive osteolysis 3 17 Medullary (cancellous) osteoblastoma 34, 48- 52 Medullaryosteoma 25, 34 Melanin pigment 559 Mesenchymal chondrosarcoma 80, 191-195,263

clinical features 191- 192 definition 191 histopathology 194 incidence 191 pathologic findings 192- 194 prognosis 194 radiologic features 191- 192 treatment 194

Mesenchymoma, malignant 80, 360, 362-365 Metaphyseal aclasis 132 Metaphyseal fibrous defect (nonossifying fibroma/histiocytic

xanthogranuloma) 335,339,451-464 clinical findings 451-452 definition 451 incidence 451 malignant transformation 462 pathogenesis 455, 462 pathologic findings 453, 455 prognosis 462 radiographic findings 452-453 treatment 462

Metastases adamantinoma 390- 391 benign tumors 148 chondrosarcoma 177 chordoma 384

576

Metastases {cont. J desmoplastic fibroma 339 fibrosarcoma 345 other bones 93 peripheral osteosarcoma 88, 90-95 reticulosarcoma 277 synovial sarcoma 553

Methylprednisolone 426 Microangiographic technique 74 Microscopy, electron, see Electron microscopy Monostotic fibrous dysplasia 479-481 Mortality, 1; see also Prognosis Mucin 382 Multifocal osteosarcoma 84 Multifocal sclerosing osteoblastoma 52-56 Multilocular hematic bone cyst, see Aneutysmal bone cyst Multiple chondroma, see Chondroma, multiple Myeloma 281- 298

amyloidosis 296 clinical findings 281 definition 281 diagnosis 296 electron microscopy 296- 298 extra-skeletal 297 - 298 histology 291- 296 incidence 281 kidney 298 multiple 281 nonsecretory 282 pathologic findings 289 - 296 prognosis 296- 298 radiographic features 282 - 289 sclerotic 285, 289 solitaty (localized) 281, 296- 298 stages 290 treatment 298

Myelomatose diffuse decalcificante 285 Myelomatosis, diffuse 285, 289, 298 Myositis ossificans (heterotopic ossification) 52, 99,

490-498 classification of, table of 491 clinical findings 491 definition 490 etiology 490 pathologic findings 496-498 prognosis 498 radiologic features 491-495 treatment 498 types 490

Myxoid chondrosarcoma 382 Myxoma 148

Necrobiotic pseudocyst 441 Needle biopsy, see Aspiration biopsy Neurilemmoma (schwannoma/neurinoma) 391-392,

397 Neurinoma 391- 392 Neuroblastoma 263 Neurofibroma 394- 397 Neurofibromatosis (von Recklinghausen's disease) 394,488

Nidus mineralization of 41,47 osteoid osteoma 41 size 36

Nodular synovitis, localized 519, 521-526 Nonossifying fibroma, see Metaphyseal fibrous defect Nonosteogenic fibroma 451 Nonsecretoty myeloma 282

Oilier's disease 110, 120 Ossifying fibroma 488 Ossifying parosteal sarcoma 95 Osteitis fibrosa 419, 424 Osteitis fibrosa cystica 486, 488 Osteoarthritic lesions 446, 448 Osteoblastic osteosarcoma· 65, 80 Osteoblastoma, genuine (osteoblastomal benign

osteoblastoma) 35-36,47-62 age 47 circumscribed, see Osteoid osteoma classification of, table of 54 cortical 35,48-52 differential diagnosis 35-36, 56, 61-62 localization 47 -48 malignant transformation 56 medullaty (cancellous) 48-52 multifocal sclerosing 52- 56 osteoid osteoma versus 48-49, 52, 56,61-62 peripheral (periosteal) 52 recurrence 56 sex 47 spongious 35 symptoms 47

Osteoblastoma, malignant 56, 61-62 prognosis 61-62 treatment 62

Osteocartilaginous exostosis, see Osteochondroma Osteochondroma 121, 124- 134

clinical findings 124- 125 definition 121 epiphyseal 134 histopathology 127, 131-132 incidence 124 juxtacortical osteosarcoma versus 10 1 malignant transformation 127, 132, 133 multiple 132-133 pathogenesis 132 pathologic findings 127 - 132 pedunculated type 125, 132 prognosis 132, 133 radiation therapy 132 radiographic features 125-127 recurrence 13 2 sessile type 125, 127, 132 treatment 132, 133

Osteochondromatosis 519 Osteoclastoma, see Giant-cell tumor Osteogenic fibroma 35 Osteogenic sarcoma 65 Osteoid substance, transitional stage 146

Index

Index

Osteoid osteoma (circumscribed osteoma) 29, 35-47 clinical findings 36 definition 36 differential diagnosis 35 - 36 exostosing form 52 histologic findings 41, 47 incidence 36 multifocal 52-56 osteoblastoma versus 48-49, 56 pathologic findings 41, 47 radiographic features 36, 41 spine 36 symptoms 36, 47 types 36, 41 typical 34-35

Osteoliposarcoma 362 Osteolysis, massive 317 Osteolytic osteosarcoma 68 Osteoma 25-34

clinical findings 25,27,29 conventional classic 25 definition 25 juxtacortical (parosteal) 25, 27, 34 medullary 25, 34 osteoid, see Osteoid osteoma pathologic findings 29, 34 treatment 34 types of 25

Osteomyelitis 245 Osteosarcoma 65-95, 362

Aegerter and Kirkpatrick classes 80 biochemistry 84 cartilage 72, 74 categories 65 chondrosarcoma versus 160 - 161 clinical findings 65-66 definition 65 electron microscopic studies 83-84 etiology 85 - 88 hemorrhagic 75 histochemical features 83 incidence 65 juxtacortical, see Juxtacortical osteosarcoma localization 65 - 66 microangiographic technique 74 mixed sclerotic-osteolytic type 68 multifocal 84 osteoblastoma versus 49, 52, 61- 62 osteolytic type 68 pathology 66, 69-84 peripheral, see Peripheral osteosarcoma postradiation 409 prognosis 80 radiographic feature 66- 69 recurrence 94 sclerotic type 68, 80, 82 symptoms 66 synchronous versus metachronous 84 as systemic disease 88 telangiectatic variety 75, 80 types 80

577

Paget's disease fibrosarcoma, secondary 343 giant-cell tumor as complication of 237-239 malignant transformation 75; see also Paget's sarcoma

Paget's sarcoma 401-409 incidence 401 pathologic features 405, 412 prognosis 405, 409 radiologic features 405 site 401-403 symptoms 403 table of 402 treatment 405, 409 types of, table of 402

Pain 47 Paraffin-block method 5, 15 Parosteal lipomas 339, 341 Parosteal osteoma, see Juxtacortical osteoma PAS stain 16 Pathogenesis, see also Etiology

adamantinoma 389- 390 aneurysmal bone cysts 436, 441 chondroblastoma 147 - 148 chondromyxoid fibroma 158 cystic angiomatosis 3 17 Ewing's sarcoma 262- 263 giant-cell tumor 227 - 229 juxta-articular bone cysts 444, 446, 448 metaphyseal fibrous defects 455, 462 osteochondroma 132 solitary bone cyst 424

Pathologic features 304 adamantinoma 385, 389 aneurysmal bone cysts 431, 433, 436 chondroblastoma 137, 140- 146 chondroma 112- 113

multiple 121 chondromyxoid fibroma 153- 158 chondrosarcoma 167 - 176 chordoma 379, 382 clear-cell sarcoma 559 desmoplastic fibroma 335, 339 diffuse articular lipomatosis 546 eosinophilic granuloma 470, 475-480 epidermoid cysts 507 Ewing's sarcoma 246, 252, 260-262 fibrosarcoma 345, 354, 360 fibrous dysplasia 486, 488 fibrous histiocytoma, malignant 370 giant-cell tumor 217,220,224 hemangioma 304, 309, 546 hemangioendothelioma 321-323,325 juxta-articular bone cysts. 448-451 juxtacortical chondroma. 117 lipoma 339, 341 massive osteolysis 317 mesenchymal chondrosarcoma 192-194 metaphyseal fibrous defect 453, 455 myeloma 289- 296 myositis ossificans 496-498 neurilemmoma 390

578

Pathologic features {cont.} nodular synovitis, localized 521, 526 osteochondroma 127-132 osteoid osteoma 41, 47 osteosarcoma 66, 69-84 Paget's sarcoma 403, 405 pigmented villonodular synovitis 527 reticulosarcoma 270-277 solitary bone cyst 420-421 synovial chondromatosis 541

Periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) 16 Periosteal chondroma 110 Periosteal chondrosarcoma 179 Periosteal circumscribed osteoblastoma 29 Periosteal desmoid 453 Periosteal hemangioma 304 Periosteal osteoblastoma, see Peripheral osteoblastoma Periosteal osteosarcoma 186- 187 Periosteal reaction 68 Peripheral chondrosarcoma 179, 186 Peripheral (periosteal) osteoblastoma 52 Peripheral osteosarcoma 84-95, 197

age 89-90 juxtacortica1 chondrosarcoma versus 86, 99 metastasis 90-95 pathogenesis 86-88 periosteal versus 86 prognosis 88-90 secondary 89-90 terminology 95 treatment 88-89

Perithelioma 246 Phantom bone 317 Phosphatase activity, alkaline 66, 83 Pigmented villonodular synovitis 448, 519, 526- 531 Plasma-cell granuloma 297 Plasma cells 291, 293 Plasmacytic growths, classification 281 Plasmacytic myelomatosis 281 Plasmacytoma 297 - 298 Pleomorphism, cellular 74 Polyhistioma 80, 194 Polyostotic fibrous dysplasia 481, 486 Postradiation malignant transformation 229, 232,

409-416 aneurysmal bone cysts 441 diagnosis, criteria for 409 fibrous dysplasia 490 prognosis 413 treatment 413 types of 409

Preexisting bone lesions 401-413; see also Postradiation sarcoma

aneurysmal bone cysts 436, 441 Paget's,disease, see Paget's sarcoma

Primitive multipotential primary sarcoma 80, 316, 364 Prognosis

adamantinoma 390- 391 alkaline phosphatase activity 66 aneurysmal bone cysts 44 1 angiosarcoma 329 chondroblastoma 148

chondroma 113, 115 multiple 121

chondromyxoid fibroma 159-160 chondrosarcoma 176-177 chordoma 384 clear-cell sarcoma 559 eosinophilic granuloma 480 Ewing's sarcoma 263-264, 267 fibrosarcoma 360 fibrous histiocytoma, malignant 370, 373 giant-cell tumor 220 grading 229, 360 hemangioendothelioma 325 hemangiopericytoma 327 juxta-articular bone cysts 451 juxtacortical chondrosarcoma 179, 186 juxtacortical osteosarcoma 95, 10 1 - 103 liposarcoma 360 mesenchymal chondrosarcoma 194 metaphyseal fibrous defect 462 multifocal osteosarcoma 84 myeloma 296- 298 myositis ossificans 498 osteoblastoma, malignant 61 - 62 osteochondroma 132

multiple 133 osteosarcoma 80 Paget's sarcoma 405, 409 peripheral osteosarcoma 88-90 postradiation sarcoma 413 reticulosarcoma 277 solitary bone cysts 424-426 synovial chondromatosis 541, 545 synovial sarcoma 553, 559 tumor size 90 xanthomatous areas 229

Progression, term 195

Index

Pseudo-malignant osseous tumor of soft tissue 490-491 Pseudotumorallesion, see Tumorlike lesions Pulmonary metastases

chondroblastoma 148 peripheral osteosarcoma 88, 90, 93

Puncture biopsy, see Aspiration biopsy

Race 1,401 Radiation

biopsy and prior 4 etiology of tumors 85; see also Postradiation malignant

transformation external 409 internal 409 ionizing 2, 409

Radiation therapy see also Postradiation malignant transformation

aneurysmal bone cysts 44 1 chondroblastoma 148 chondrosarcoma 177 eosinophilic granuloma 480 Ewing's sarcoma 264, 267 fibrosarcoma 360 hemangioma 303-304

Index

juxtacortical osteosarcoma 10 1 osteochondroma 132 peripheral osteosarcoma 89 reticulosarcoma 277

Radioactive sulfur 177 Radiologic features

adamantinoma 385 aneurysmal bone cyst 428-431 angiography 3 body-seerion 3 brown tumor of hyperparathyroidism 500 chondroblastoma 137 chondroma 111- 112

multiple 120- 12 1 chondromyxoid fibroma 151 - 153 chondrosarcoma, primary 163-167 chordoma 379 clear-cell chondrosarcoma 195 computerized axial tomography 3 cystic angiomatosis 3 11 desmoplastic fibroma 335 in diagnosis 2- 3 eosinophilic granuloma 468-470 epidermoid cysts 507, 5 10 Ewing's sarcoma 245-246 fibrosarcoma 345 fibrous histiocytoma, malignant 366- 370 giant-cell tumor 216-217 hemangioendothelioma 320-321, 325 juxta-articular bone cysts 442-444 juxtacortical chondroma 117 juxtacortical osteosarcoma 96- 99 lipoma 339 liposarcoma 360 mesenchymal chondrosarcoma 191- 192 mesenchymoma, malignant 362 metaphyseal fibrous defect 452-453 myeloma 282-289 myositis ossificans 491-495 neurilemmoma 391- 392 osteoid osteoma 36, 41 osteochondroma 125-127 osteosarcoma 66 - 69 Paget's sarcoma 405 pigmented villonodular synovitis 527 procedures 3 reticulosarcoma 269-270 scintigraphy 3 solitary bone cyst 419-420 synovial chondroma 548 synovial chondromatosis 532 synovial sarcoma 552 - 553

Radionuclide imaging (scintigraphy/bone scanning) 3 Radionuclides, bone-seeking

danger 409 etiology of tumors 86

Reactive bone formation, tumor bone formation versus 82 von Recklinghausen's disease 394, 488, 500 Recurrence

chondroblastoma 148 chondromyxoid fibroma 159 chondtosarcoma 177

clear-cell sarcoma 559 desmoplastic fibroma 339 giant-cell tumor 232, 237 juxta-articular bone cysts 45 1 localized nodular synovitis 526 osteoblastoma 56 osteochondroma 132 osteosarcoma 94 treatment 94

Renal formation 298 Resection specimens 15 - 16

579

Reticuloendothelial system neoplasms, classification of 268 Reticuloendotheliosis 466 Reticulosarcoma 243-244,252,267-277

bone marrow 243 clinical findings 268 - 269 definition 267 diagnosis 272, 273, 275, 473 pathologic findings 270- 277 prognosis 277 radiographic features 269- 270 treatment 277

Reticulum-cell lymphosarcoma 243 Reticulum-cell sarcoma of bone, see Reticulosarcoma RNA virus, C-type 86-87 Roentgen therapy, see Radiation therapy Round-cell osteosarcoma 263

Sarcoma multiple foci 402-403 in Paget's disease, see Paget's sarcoma radiation-induced, see Postradiation malignant

transformation undifferentiated 366

Schwannoma 391-392 Scintigraphy (bone scanning) 3 Sclerosis, bone 285, 289

osteoid osteoma 41 Sclerotic myeloma 285, 289 Sclerotic osteosarcoma 68, 80, 82 Sex

adamantinoma 385 aneurysmal bone cyst 427 chondroblastoma 136 chondroma 110 chondromyxoidfibroma 150 chondrosarcoma, primary 161 chordoma 376 desmoplastic fibroma 335 eosinophilic granuloma 467 epidermoid cysts 507 epithelioid sarcoma 559 Ewing's sarcoma 244-245 fibrosarcoma 343 fibrous histiocytoma, malignant 366 giant-cell tumor 206- 207 hemangioma 303 juxta-articular bone cysts 442 juxtacortical chondroma 16 juxtacortical osteosarcoma 95 - 96 massive osteolysis 317

580

Sex [cont.]

metaphyseal fibrous defect 451 myeloma 281 neurilemmoma 391 osteoblastoma, genuine 47 osteochondroma 124

multiple 132 osteoid osteoma 36 osteosarcoma 65 Paget's sarcoma 401 peripheral osteosarcoma 89-90 pigmented villonodular synovitis 527 reticulosarcoma 268 - 269 solitary bone cyst 419 synovial' sarcomas 551

Site, see Localization Size of nidus 36 Skip metastases 88, 93-95 Small-cell osteosarcoma 80 Smear technique 5, 8 Soft-tissue tumors 261 Solitary bone cyst 419-426

clinical findings 419 definition 419 incidence 419 pathogenesis 424 pathologic findings 420-421 prognosis 424-426 radiographic features 419-420 treatment 424-426

Specimens, methods of handling 15-16 Spiculated periosteal reaction 68 Spindled histologic pattern 389 Spine, osteoid osteoma 36 Spongious osteoblastoma 35 Spur 68 Stature 65 Strontium 85 3 Subchondral bone cysts 442 Subchondral cysts of osteoarthritis 446, 448 Subungueal exostosis 124 Sulfur, radioactive 177 Surgical biopsy 3 - 5 Sympathicoblastoma 263 Symptoms

adamantinoma 385 aneurysmal bone cyst 427 - 428 chondroblastoma 137 chondromyxoid fibroma 151 chondrosarcoma, primary 163 chordoma 379 eosinophilic granuloma 468 epidermoid cysts 507 Ewing's sarcoma' 245 fibrosarcoma 345 fibrous histiocytoma, malignant 366 giant-cell tumor 216 glomus tumor 317, 319 hemangioma 303, 504 hemangioendothelioma 320- 321 juxta-articular bone cysts 442 juxtacortical osteosarcoma 96

lipoma 546 localized nodular synovitis 521- 526 metaphyseal fibrous defect 452 myeloma 281 - 282 myositis ossificans 491 neurilemmoma 391 osteoblastoma, genuine 47 -48 osteochondroma 124- 125 osteoid osteoma 36, 47 osteosarcoma 66 Paget's sarcoma 403 pigmented villonodular synovitis 527 reticulosarcoma 269 solitary bone cyst 419 synovial chondroma 548 synovial sarcoma 551

Index

Synovial chondromatosis (osteochondromatosis) 519, 532, 545

Synovial chondrosarcoma 545 Synovial cyst 441-442, 446 Synovial membrane 519- 561

benign tumor of 546-550 fibroma 548 hemangioma 546 lipoma 546 synovial chondroma 548

clear-cell sarcoma 559 diffuse articular lipomatosis 545 - 546 epitheliod sarcoma 559, 561 localized nodular synovitis 521- 526 malignant 551-561 pigmented villonodular synovitis 526- 531 synovial chondromatosis 532- 545 synovial sarcoma 551- 559 types of 520

Synovial sarcoma 519,527,551-559 Synovium, lining cell 520- 521 Systemic disease 88, 500

Telangiectatic osteosarcoma 75, 80 Terminology, see Classification; Definition Tomography (body section radiography) 3 Trabeculae 41,82 Transepiphysea1 spread 74 Trauma 88, 385, 389

myositis ossificans 490, 495-498 synovial chondromatosis 532

Treatment adamantinoma 390- 391 aneurysmal bone cysts 44 1 chondroblastoma 135, 148 chondroma 113, 115

multiple 121 chondromyxoid fibroma 159- 160 chondrosarcoma 176-177 chordoma 384 clear-cell chondrosarcoma 195 desmoplastic fibroma 339 diffuse articular lipomatosis 546 eosinophilic granuloma 480 Ewing's sarcoma 263-264, 267

Index

epidermoid cysts 507, 5 10 fibroma 548 fibrosarcoma 360 fibrous histiocytoma, malignant 370, 373 giant-cell tumor 232, 237 hemangioma 309 hemangioendothelioma 325 hemangiopericytoma 327 juxta-articular bone cysts 451 juxtacortical chondroma 117 juxtacortical osteosarcoma 10 1- 103 liposarcoma 360 localized nodular synovitis 526 mesenchymal chondrosarcoma 194 mesenchymoma, malignant 362 metaphyseal fibrous defect 462 myeloma 298 myositis ossificians 498 neurilemmoma 392 osteoblastoma, malignant 62 osteochondroma 132

multiple 133 Paget's sarcoma 405, 409 peripheral osteosarcoma 88-89 pigmented villonodular synovitis 527 postradiation sarcoma 413 recurrence 94 reticulosarcoma 277 solitary bone cysts 424-426 synovial chondroma 548 synovial chondromatosis 54 1, 545 synovial sarcoma 553, 558

Trocar biopsy, see Aspiration biopsy Tubular histologic pattern 389 Tumor bone formation, reactive bone formation versus 82 Tumor size, ptognosis 90 Tumorlike lesions 419- 510; see also Aneurysmal bone cyst;

Eosinophilic granuloma; Fibrous dysplasia;

581

Juxta-articular bone cyst; Metaphyseal fibrous defect; Myositis ossificans; Solitary bone cyst; Synovial membrane

brown tumor of hyperparathyroidism 500- 506 epidermoid cysts 507, 510 table of 21

Undifferentiated sarcoma 366 Unicameral bone cyst, see Solitary bone cyst

Vascular lesions 303-329 angiosarcoma 329 benign 303- 319; see also Hemangioma glomus tumor 3 17 - 3 19 hemangioendothelioma, see Hemangioendothelioma hemangiopericytoma 327 lymphangioma 317 malignant 319-327,329 WHO classification 319

Vinblastine sulfate 480 Virchow's hypothesis 132 Viruses 86-87

Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia 293 World Health Organization (WHO)

classification system 18 - 19, 2 1 table 19 undifferentiated sarcoma 366 vascular tumors 319

definitions, see Definition

Xanthomatous areas, prognostic value 229 Xanthomatous variant of giant-cell tumor 451