GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF SENSORY TRANSDUCTION
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04/22/23
GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF SENSORY TRANSDUCTION
Donald C. MikuleckyDepartment of PhysiologyandFaculty Mentoring Program
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ORGANIZATION OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM
BRAINSPINAL CORD
CENTRALNERVOUSSYSTEM (CNS)
PERIPHERALNERVOUS SYSTEM
AFFERENT
NERVES
EFFERENT
NERVES
EXTERO-RECEPTORS
INTERO-RECEPTORS
SOMATIC AUTONOMIC
EFFECTORORGANS
SKELETALMUSCLES
SMOOTH AND CARDIAC MUSCLES AND GLANDS
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GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF SENSORY SYSTEMSSENSORY TRANSDUCTION: SPECIFIC
MODALITIES WITH ADEQUATE STIMULUSA SENSORY UNIT: SENSORY NEURON
AND ALL THAT IT INNERVATESEXTERORECEPTIVE AND
PROPRIORECEPTIVEPATHWAYSINTEGRATION
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NEOCORTEX
THALAMUS
LIMBICCORTEX
BRAINSTEM
SPINALCORD
NOSE
EYE
TONGUE
EAR
SKIN
SMELL
VISION
TASTE
AUDITION
SOMATIC
SENSORY INFORMATION TRAVELSTO THE BRAIN VIA SPECIALIZED PATHWAYS
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SENSORY MODALITIES AND RECEPTOR CELLS
MODE RECEPTOR ORGANVISION RODS,CONES EYEHEARING HAIR CELLS EARMOTION HAIR CELLS VESTIBULAR
APPARATUS
SMELL OLIFACTORYNEURONS
OLIFACTORYMUCOUS MEMB.
TASTE TASTE RECEPTORCELLS TASTE BUDS
TOUCH-PRESSURE
NERVE ENDINGS SKIN
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SENSORY MODALITIES AND RECEPTOR CELLS
MODE RECEPTOR ORGANWARMTH NERVE ENDINGS SKINCOLD NERVE ENDINGS SKINPAIN NAKEDNERVE
ENDINGSSKIN
JOINTMOVEMENT &POSITION
NERVE ENDINGS VARIOUS
MUSCLELENGTH
NERVE ENDINGS MUSCLESPINDLE
MUSCLETENSION
NERVE ENDINGS GOLGI TENDONORGAN
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TYPES OF ENERGY TRANSDUCED
RECEPTOR TYPE ENERGY HANDLEDMECHANORECEPTORSTOUCH,PRESSURE,PAIN
MECHANICAL: PRESSURE ORPHYSICAL DISPLACEMENT
THERMORECEPTORS HEAT OR COLDCHEMORECEPTORS:TASTE AND SMELL
CHEMICAL
PHOTORECEPTORS VISIBLE LIGHTNOCIOCEPTORS:PAIN
TISSUE DAMAGE
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ADEQUATE STIMULUSA SPECIFIC STIMULUS UNIQUE TO A
SENSORY RECEPTOR
FOR EXAMPLE, PHOTORECEPTORS IN THE EYE RESPOND ONLY TO ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION
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GRADED VS ALL OR NONE A RECEPTOR’S RESPONSE TO A
STIMULUS IS GRADED
IF THRESHOLD IS EXCEEDED, THE ACTION POTENTIAL RESULTING IS ALL OR NONE
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EXAMPLE: THE PACINIAN CORPUSCLEPRESSURE RECEPTORPRESSURE DISTORTS THE CAPSULE,
STRETCHING THE CELL MEMBRANESODIUM CHANNELS OPEN,
DEPOLARIZING THE MEMBRANEIF BEYOND THRESHOLD, ACTION
POTENTIAL RESULTS
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SENSORY TRANSDUCTION
ADEQUATE STIMULUS
MEMBRANECONDUCTANCE
CHANGE
GENERATORPOTENTIAL
ACTIONPOTENTIAL
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HOW IS THE INTENSITY OF THE STIMULUS ENCODED?
FREQUENCY CODING
POPULATION CODING
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FREQUENCY CODINGLIGHT PRESSURE
LOW FREQUENCY
MORE PRESSURE
HIGHERFREQUENCY
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POPULATION CODING
LIGHT PRESSURE
MORE PRESSURE
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NEOCORTEX
THALAMUS
LIMBICCORTEX
BRAINSTEM
SPINALCORD
NOSE
EYE
TONGUE
EAR
SKIN
SMELL
VISION
TASTE
AUDITION
SOMATIC
THE LABELED LINE CODE OF STIMULUS QUALITY
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LOCALIZATION, DISTRIBUTION, AND ACUITY
CODING OF LOCATION DEPENDS ON RECEPTOR LOCATION
AREA COVERED BY RECEPTORS IN A SENSORY UNIT IS A RECEPTIVE FIELD
ACUITY DEPENDS ON THE DENSITY OF RECEPTORS
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