General Presentation of Hungary Gergely Schuchtár Consul Embassy of Hungary.
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Transcript of General Presentation of Hungary Gergely Schuchtár Consul Embassy of Hungary.
General Presentation of Hungary
Gergely SchuchtárConsul
Embassy of Hungary
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Structure
I. Geopolitical position of the country
II. History of HungaryIII. Culture of HungaryIV. Practical advices for the travel
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Geopolitical position
Area: 93.030 km2
Population: 9,9 m (2014 e.)Additional 4,5 m outside
Central and Eastern Europe7 neighbors
Climate: continentalBudapest: 1.8 m
No sea, no high mountains(highest peak: 1014 m asl)
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Economy• 2014. IV.Q. GDP growth 3,4% (EU average: 1,3%)• 2014. III.Q. Export growth 7,9% / Import by 11%
– 2014 SUM Ex: 84,5 billion EUR / Im: 78,0 billion EUR (6,5 billion EUR surplus)
• Volume of industrial production in 2014 7,6% higher than in 2013– Car industry– Alimentary– Beverage– Tobacco
• Growing investments in private sector 11,8% (2014. IIIQ)• Construction industry lower 2,2% (2014. dec.)• Unemployment rate 7,7% (2014 Y.)
– Average wages (850 EUR)• Public Debt (end of 2014): GDP 77,3%• Government (spending) financing needs (in 2014): GDP 2,2%• GDP/C. (PPP): 21.239 USD• GDP/C (nom.): 14.703 USD(IMF)• GDP:€ 96.968 billion (2012/EU)
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Natural resources
• Not much– bauxite, coal, natural gas, arable land– fertile soils
• 47.24% of total land • (GMO free land / protected since 2006 and by constitution XX.
Art.)
– Rivers: Danube and Tisza (international waterways)• Danube river from Germany to Black Sea EU’s longest 2860 km• Tisza river from the Ukraine to Black Sea: 965 km
– Lake Balaton– Thermal water
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Natural resourcesin need
• The primary energy demand in 2010 is based on:– Gas: 40.6%– Oil: 32.1%– Nuclear: 15.2%– Coal: 10.5%
– 53% of overall energy from abroad– 78% of natural gas imported• Out of this 80% from Russia through the Ukraine
– 82% of crude oil from Russia through the Ukraine– Nuclear energy: Paks 1982 CCCP (40% of overall electricity) 4R
(2034) + 2
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Geopolitical location
• Landlocked• Strategic location in terms of land routes
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Geopolitics II.
• Many IO’s (OECD, OSCE, UNsys, CoE, etc.)– NATO (1999)– EU (2004)
• Regional initiatives:– Visegrad Group (V4) since 1991
– V4+ (An honest desire to intensify mutual cooperation and friendship among the four Central European states)
– CEI since 1989 (18 MS)
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History of Hungary
– 896: Honfoglalás – 1000: Foundation of the state by the King Stephen
– 1241-42: Invasion of the Tatars/Mongols
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History of Hungary II
• 1458-1490: King Mathias Corvinus (Kralj Matjaž)
• 1541: Turkish invasion (Country split into three parts)
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History of Hungary III
• XVII, XVIII: Fights for independence (Habsburg, Turkish)
• 1848: Hungarian revolution
• 1867: Dual monarchy of Austria-Hungary• 1914-1918: WW I
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History of Hungary IV
• Treaty of Trianon (1920)
• WW II (Holocaust)
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History of Hungary V
• 1945-1989 Soviet invasion, communist dictatorship
• 1956: Revolution
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Government and Politics
• Hungary is a parliamentary representative democratic republic
• Democratic election since 1990.• National assembly (unicameral).• Head of State: János Áder• Head of Government: Viktor Orbán
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Challenges
• Sustainable economic development• Aging population– Economic migration to W-EU (doctors, scientists,
researchers, artists, etc.)– Brain Drain to USA still strong
• Our region is still not competitive enough – Too export sensitive economy – Market diversification– Too dependent on out of EU energy sources
• (No Energy Union, No single energy market YET)
– Geopolitical instability – diverging interests
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Priorities (Geo.)• Neighbors (i.e. Slovenia)
– Focus to achieve excellent relations (accept)– No more “0” Sum Game – Win-Win– SME (Core of our growing economies, 500 Km)– Support of HU minorities abroad
• Regional policy– Common interests and goals (CSEE) / V4, CEI– Coordination of policies to be represented in IOs.
• Euro-Atlantic orientation– National interests represented in EU and NATO
• Strong and united Europe (economic crisis management, prevalence of community-based method of decision making)
• Strengthening of transatlantic cooperation
• Global opening– Reopen towards the “forgotten” part of the world– Increased role in shaping the global agenda in order to meet better global
challenges.
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Priorities (Sectors)
• Security policy– International terrorism– International cyber terrorism– Transnational organized crime– Illegal migration related threats
• Energy Security– Natural gas / oil supplies for growing economies– Renewable energy resources and technologies
• Promotion of collective rights of national minorities– Language, culture, education, wellbeing at home
• Agriculture / food safety / sustainable development / respecting cultural diversity
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HU FP and Diplomacy
• Public service– Strengthen security in an international context– Enhance international visibility of the community (as
country and nation)– Secure external resources for well-being– Broaden opportunities for external education and
cultural contacts
Last but not least– Ensuring access to consular protection for citizens
• 100 missions with over 1800 foreign service officers
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Culture of Hungary
• Music: Ferenc Liszt, Béla Bartók, Zoltán Kodály• Sciences: Nobel laureates Albert Szent-Györgyi
(C-vitamin). • Sport: Summer olympics success, main sports:
Football, handball, water polo, fencing, handball.
• Spa culture
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Visit of Hungary
• Places: Budapest
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Visit of Hungary
• Places: Puszta, Lake Balaton, other cities
• Castles:http://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magyarorsz%C3%A1gi_v%C3%A1rak_list%C3%A1jahttp://visit-hungary.com/things-to-do/top-15-castles
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Visit of Hungary
• Coin of Hungary: Forint ( 1 €=300 HUF)• Must taste: Wine (Tokaj, Eger, Szekszárd,
Balaton), Gulyás leves (Goulash soup), Somlóihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hungarian_cuisine
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Thank you for your attention!
Q&A