General pathology necrosis
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NECROSIS
By,
Mohamed Faizal Asan
DEPARTMENT OF GENERAL
PATHOLOGY
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What is Necrosis of a cell?
Necrosis is defined as a localised area
of death of a tissue followed by
degradation of tissue by Hydrolytic
enzymes liberated from Dead cells,It
is invariably accompanied by
inflammatory reaction
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What happens in necrosis?
1) Cell digestion by Lytic enzymes :
Cells become
homogeneous with eosinophilic
cytoplasm
sometimes it may also
ungergo vacuolation or dystrophic
calcification.
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2)Denaturation of proteins :
Nuclear changes happens
PYKNOSIS – The nucleus shrinks
resulting in condensation of neuclear
chromatin.
KARYOLYSIS – Dissolution of the
nucleus.
KARYORRHESIS – The nucleus
frangments into granular clumps.
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Types of Necrosis
Coagulative Necrosis
Liquefactive Necrosis
Caseous Necrosis
Fat Necrosis
Fibrinoid Necrosis
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1.Coagulative Necrosis
Most common type of necrosis
Occurs due to a focal irreversible
injury by Ischemia
Common organs
affected:Heart,Kidney,Spleen
Gross appearance:They appear
pale,swollen,yellowish and softer,On
progression they become shrunken
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Coagulative necrosis of a kidney
Histological appearance :
•Conversion of normal cells
IntoTombstones.(Main Hallmark)
•Necrosed cells are swollen and become
more eosinophilic
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2.Liquefactive Necrosis
Also called as Colliquative necrosis
Occurs due toIschemic injury and
bacterial and Fungal infection.
Common Examples:Infract
brain,Abscess cavity
Gross Appearance:Initially soft with a
liquefied centre later a cyst wall is
formed.
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Liquefaction necrosis of a Brain
•Histologic apperance:
•Cystic spaces with necrotic debris
•Macrophages filled with Phagocytsed
material.
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Caseous Necrosis
Combination of both Coagulative and
liquefactive necrosis
Found in centre of foci of Tuberculous
infection.
Gross Appearance:Resembles dry
cheese and are
soft,Granular,Yellowish colour.
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Caseous necrosis of a TB lymph node
Histologic Appearance:
Necrosed foci that are Structureless,eosinophilic with Granular debris.
Consists of Langerhans Giant cells.
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Fat Necrosis
Special form of cell death occuring at
two anatomically different locations
but morphologically similar lesions.
Example:Acte pancreatic Necrosis
and Traumatic Necrosis common in
Breasts.
Gross Appearance:Yellowish white
firm Deposits,Formation of ncalcium
soaps within the Necrosed foci firmer
and chalky white appearance.
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Fat Necrosis in Acute Pancreatitis
Histologic Appearance:
Necrosed cells with a cloudy
appearance.
Formation of calcium soaps within the
tissue.
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Fibrinoid Necrosis
Characterised by Depsition of fibrin
like material which has the staining
properties of Fibrin.
It maybe due to various Immunologic
tissue injury(Example:Immune
complex vasculitis,Peptic ulcer……)
Gross Appearance:Local hemorrhage
may be seen around the site of
Necrosis.
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Fibrinoid Necrosis in Autoimmune
vasculitis
Histologic Appearance:Bright
eosinophilic Hyaline like deposition
near the affected vessel wall.
Necrotic focus surrounded by Debris
of Neutrophils.
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THANK YOU