GENERAL PATHOLOGY - hemodynamic disorders - cellular adaptations - cell injury and cell death -...
-
Upload
derek-bradford -
Category
Documents
-
view
235 -
download
6
Transcript of GENERAL PATHOLOGY - hemodynamic disorders - cellular adaptations - cell injury and cell death -...
![Page 1: GENERAL PATHOLOGY - hemodynamic disorders - cellular adaptations - cell injury and cell death - inflammation - healing, repair and regeneration - neoplasia.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081506/5697bfac1a28abf838c9b4cd/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
GENERAL PATHOLOGY- hemodynamic disorders- cellular adaptations- cell injury and cell death- inflammation- healing, repair and regeneration- neoplasia
![Page 2: GENERAL PATHOLOGY - hemodynamic disorders - cellular adaptations - cell injury and cell death - inflammation - healing, repair and regeneration - neoplasia.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081506/5697bfac1a28abf838c9b4cd/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
MORPHOLOGICAL REACTIONS TO
ACUTE AND PERSISTENTSTRESS
CELLULAR ADAPTATIONSCELL INJURYCELL DEATH
![Page 3: GENERAL PATHOLOGY - hemodynamic disorders - cellular adaptations - cell injury and cell death - inflammation - healing, repair and regeneration - neoplasia.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081506/5697bfac1a28abf838c9b4cd/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Elements capable of causing cell injury
Chemical
Physical
![Page 4: GENERAL PATHOLOGY - hemodynamic disorders - cellular adaptations - cell injury and cell death - inflammation - healing, repair and regeneration - neoplasia.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081506/5697bfac1a28abf838c9b4cd/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Elements capable of causing cell injury
Biological
![Page 5: GENERAL PATHOLOGY - hemodynamic disorders - cellular adaptations - cell injury and cell death - inflammation - healing, repair and regeneration - neoplasia.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081506/5697bfac1a28abf838c9b4cd/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Cellular reaction varies
depending on the type
duration
and severity of injury
eg
![Page 6: GENERAL PATHOLOGY - hemodynamic disorders - cellular adaptations - cell injury and cell death - inflammation - healing, repair and regeneration - neoplasia.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081506/5697bfac1a28abf838c9b4cd/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Adaptation
atrophy
hypertrophy
hyperplasia
metaplasia
dysplasia
![Page 7: GENERAL PATHOLOGY - hemodynamic disorders - cellular adaptations - cell injury and cell death - inflammation - healing, repair and regeneration - neoplasia.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081506/5697bfac1a28abf838c9b4cd/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Limits of adaptation
![Page 8: GENERAL PATHOLOGY - hemodynamic disorders - cellular adaptations - cell injury and cell death - inflammation - healing, repair and regeneration - neoplasia.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081506/5697bfac1a28abf838c9b4cd/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Subcellular alterations
Reversible cell injury
“point of no return”
Irreversible cell injury
cell injury
![Page 9: GENERAL PATHOLOGY - hemodynamic disorders - cellular adaptations - cell injury and cell death - inflammation - healing, repair and regeneration - neoplasia.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081506/5697bfac1a28abf838c9b4cd/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Subcellular responses to cell injury
Lysosomal catabolism
![Page 10: GENERAL PATHOLOGY - hemodynamic disorders - cellular adaptations - cell injury and cell death - inflammation - healing, repair and regeneration - neoplasia.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081506/5697bfac1a28abf838c9b4cd/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Subcellular responses to cell injury
Induction of smooth endoplasmic reticulum
Mitochondrial alterations
Cytosceleton abnormalities
![Page 11: GENERAL PATHOLOGY - hemodynamic disorders - cellular adaptations - cell injury and cell death - inflammation - healing, repair and regeneration - neoplasia.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081506/5697bfac1a28abf838c9b4cd/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Reversible cell injury
e.g.
cellular swelling
fatty change
![Page 12: GENERAL PATHOLOGY - hemodynamic disorders - cellular adaptations - cell injury and cell death - inflammation - healing, repair and regeneration - neoplasia.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081506/5697bfac1a28abf838c9b4cd/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Cellular swelling
MACRO
MICRO
![Page 13: GENERAL PATHOLOGY - hemodynamic disorders - cellular adaptations - cell injury and cell death - inflammation - healing, repair and regeneration - neoplasia.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081506/5697bfac1a28abf838c9b4cd/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Intracellular and extracellular accumulation (storage)
![Page 14: GENERAL PATHOLOGY - hemodynamic disorders - cellular adaptations - cell injury and cell death - inflammation - healing, repair and regeneration - neoplasia.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081506/5697bfac1a28abf838c9b4cd/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Normal cellular constituent accumulated in excess
e.g.
Abnormal substances
Pigments
![Page 15: GENERAL PATHOLOGY - hemodynamic disorders - cellular adaptations - cell injury and cell death - inflammation - healing, repair and regeneration - neoplasia.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081506/5697bfac1a28abf838c9b4cd/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
LIPIDS
Steatosis (fatty change)
Liposis (obesity)
![Page 16: GENERAL PATHOLOGY - hemodynamic disorders - cellular adaptations - cell injury and cell death - inflammation - healing, repair and regeneration - neoplasia.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081506/5697bfac1a28abf838c9b4cd/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Cholesterol and cholesterol esters
![Page 17: GENERAL PATHOLOGY - hemodynamic disorders - cellular adaptations - cell injury and cell death - inflammation - healing, repair and regeneration - neoplasia.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081506/5697bfac1a28abf838c9b4cd/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
PROTEINS
![Page 18: GENERAL PATHOLOGY - hemodynamic disorders - cellular adaptations - cell injury and cell death - inflammation - healing, repair and regeneration - neoplasia.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081506/5697bfac1a28abf838c9b4cd/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
GLYCOGEN
![Page 19: GENERAL PATHOLOGY - hemodynamic disorders - cellular adaptations - cell injury and cell death - inflammation - healing, repair and regeneration - neoplasia.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081506/5697bfac1a28abf838c9b4cd/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
PIGMENTS
-exogenous
-endogenous
![Page 20: GENERAL PATHOLOGY - hemodynamic disorders - cellular adaptations - cell injury and cell death - inflammation - healing, repair and regeneration - neoplasia.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081506/5697bfac1a28abf838c9b4cd/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
CALCIFICATION
physiologic
pathologic
![Page 21: GENERAL PATHOLOGY - hemodynamic disorders - cellular adaptations - cell injury and cell death - inflammation - healing, repair and regeneration - neoplasia.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081506/5697bfac1a28abf838c9b4cd/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Dystrophic calcification
![Page 22: GENERAL PATHOLOGY - hemodynamic disorders - cellular adaptations - cell injury and cell death - inflammation - healing, repair and regeneration - neoplasia.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081506/5697bfac1a28abf838c9b4cd/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Metastatic calcification
![Page 23: GENERAL PATHOLOGY - hemodynamic disorders - cellular adaptations - cell injury and cell death - inflammation - healing, repair and regeneration - neoplasia.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081506/5697bfac1a28abf838c9b4cd/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
HYALIN CHANGEHYALIN CHANGE
-iintracellularntracellular
![Page 24: GENERAL PATHOLOGY - hemodynamic disorders - cellular adaptations - cell injury and cell death - inflammation - healing, repair and regeneration - neoplasia.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081506/5697bfac1a28abf838c9b4cd/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
HYALIN CHANGEHYALIN CHANGE
-- extracellularextracellular
![Page 25: GENERAL PATHOLOGY - hemodynamic disorders - cellular adaptations - cell injury and cell death - inflammation - healing, repair and regeneration - neoplasia.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081506/5697bfac1a28abf838c9b4cd/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
STAINING METHODS
![Page 26: GENERAL PATHOLOGY - hemodynamic disorders - cellular adaptations - cell injury and cell death - inflammation - healing, repair and regeneration - neoplasia.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081506/5697bfac1a28abf838c9b4cd/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
metachromatic staining
One dye has the ability to produce different colors in various histological or cytological structures.
![Page 27: GENERAL PATHOLOGY - hemodynamic disorders - cellular adaptations - cell injury and cell death - inflammation - healing, repair and regeneration - neoplasia.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081506/5697bfac1a28abf838c9b4cd/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
ATROPHY
Shrinkage in the size of the cells by loss of cell substance
![Page 28: GENERAL PATHOLOGY - hemodynamic disorders - cellular adaptations - cell injury and cell death - inflammation - healing, repair and regeneration - neoplasia.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081506/5697bfac1a28abf838c9b4cd/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Cell death
necrosis
apoptosis
![Page 29: GENERAL PATHOLOGY - hemodynamic disorders - cellular adaptations - cell injury and cell death - inflammation - healing, repair and regeneration - neoplasia.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081506/5697bfac1a28abf838c9b4cd/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Necrosis-
„Death by injury”
cell death after exogenous stimuli
Apoptosis-
„Death by suicide”
cell death through activation of an internally controlled suicide program
![Page 30: GENERAL PATHOLOGY - hemodynamic disorders - cellular adaptations - cell injury and cell death - inflammation - healing, repair and regeneration - neoplasia.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081506/5697bfac1a28abf838c9b4cd/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Necrosis
morphologic changes following cell death in living tissue largely resulting from the action of enzymes on the lethally injured cell (live cells placed in fixative are dead but not necrotic)
![Page 31: GENERAL PATHOLOGY - hemodynamic disorders - cellular adaptations - cell injury and cell death - inflammation - healing, repair and regeneration - neoplasia.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081506/5697bfac1a28abf838c9b4cd/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Morphology:
![Page 32: GENERAL PATHOLOGY - hemodynamic disorders - cellular adaptations - cell injury and cell death - inflammation - healing, repair and regeneration - neoplasia.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081506/5697bfac1a28abf838c9b4cd/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Two concurrent processes:
enzymic digestion
denaturation of proteins
Denaturation predominanceCOAGULATIVE NECROSIS Enzyme digestion predominanceLIQUEFACTIVE NECROSIS
![Page 33: GENERAL PATHOLOGY - hemodynamic disorders - cellular adaptations - cell injury and cell death - inflammation - healing, repair and regeneration - neoplasia.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081506/5697bfac1a28abf838c9b4cd/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Ulcer (ulceration)Ulcer (ulceration)
ErosionErosion
![Page 34: GENERAL PATHOLOGY - hemodynamic disorders - cellular adaptations - cell injury and cell death - inflammation - healing, repair and regeneration - neoplasia.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081506/5697bfac1a28abf838c9b4cd/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Caseous necrosis
![Page 35: GENERAL PATHOLOGY - hemodynamic disorders - cellular adaptations - cell injury and cell death - inflammation - healing, repair and regeneration - neoplasia.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081506/5697bfac1a28abf838c9b4cd/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Fat necrosis (Balser necrosis)
![Page 36: GENERAL PATHOLOGY - hemodynamic disorders - cellular adaptations - cell injury and cell death - inflammation - healing, repair and regeneration - neoplasia.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081506/5697bfac1a28abf838c9b4cd/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
APOPTOSIS“falling off”
- during development- as a homeostatic mechanism- as a defense mechanism- as a result of disease of noxious agents action- in aging
![Page 37: GENERAL PATHOLOGY - hemodynamic disorders - cellular adaptations - cell injury and cell death - inflammation - healing, repair and regeneration - neoplasia.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081506/5697bfac1a28abf838c9b4cd/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
![Page 38: GENERAL PATHOLOGY - hemodynamic disorders - cellular adaptations - cell injury and cell death - inflammation - healing, repair and regeneration - neoplasia.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081506/5697bfac1a28abf838c9b4cd/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Programmed cell death is as needed for proper development as mitosis is
![Page 39: GENERAL PATHOLOGY - hemodynamic disorders - cellular adaptations - cell injury and cell death - inflammation - healing, repair and regeneration - neoplasia.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081506/5697bfac1a28abf838c9b4cd/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Programmed cell death is needed to destroy cells that represent a threat to the integrity of the organism
![Page 40: GENERAL PATHOLOGY - hemodynamic disorders - cellular adaptations - cell injury and cell death - inflammation - healing, repair and regeneration - neoplasia.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081506/5697bfac1a28abf838c9b4cd/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
MORPHOLOGY:
![Page 41: GENERAL PATHOLOGY - hemodynamic disorders - cellular adaptations - cell injury and cell death - inflammation - healing, repair and regeneration - neoplasia.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081506/5697bfac1a28abf838c9b4cd/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
Mechanisms
1. Signaling pathways
![Page 42: GENERAL PATHOLOGY - hemodynamic disorders - cellular adaptations - cell injury and cell death - inflammation - healing, repair and regeneration - neoplasia.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081506/5697bfac1a28abf838c9b4cd/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
2. Control and integration stage
![Page 43: GENERAL PATHOLOGY - hemodynamic disorders - cellular adaptations - cell injury and cell death - inflammation - healing, repair and regeneration - neoplasia.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081506/5697bfac1a28abf838c9b4cd/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
3. The execution phase
![Page 44: GENERAL PATHOLOGY - hemodynamic disorders - cellular adaptations - cell injury and cell death - inflammation - healing, repair and regeneration - neoplasia.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081506/5697bfac1a28abf838c9b4cd/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
Apoptosis and cancersome viruses associated with cancers act to prevent apoptosis of the cells they have transformed
![Page 45: GENERAL PATHOLOGY - hemodynamic disorders - cellular adaptations - cell injury and cell death - inflammation - healing, repair and regeneration - neoplasia.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081506/5697bfac1a28abf838c9b4cd/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
CELLULAR AGING
![Page 46: GENERAL PATHOLOGY - hemodynamic disorders - cellular adaptations - cell injury and cell death - inflammation - healing, repair and regeneration - neoplasia.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081506/5697bfac1a28abf838c9b4cd/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
Cellular responses to injuryReversible injuryIrreversible cell injury
Cellular adaptationsatrophyhypertrophyhyperplasiametaplasiadysplasia
Intra- and extracellular storage
Cell deathapoptosisnecrosis
Cell aging
SUMMARY