General Laboratory
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description
Prepared by Hamad ALAssaf [email protected]. General Laboratory . Introduction to laboratory department & blood bank department . Definition : Laboratory medicine : is the branch of medicine which provide physicians and other healthcare professionals with information to : - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Transcript of General Laboratory
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Introduction to laboratory department & blood bank
department • Definition : Laboratory medicine : is the branch of medicine
which provide physicians and other healthcare professionals with information to :
1- detect disease or predisposition to disease .2- confirm or reject a diagnosis .3- establish prognosis .4- guide patient management .5- monitor efficacy therapy .6- direct prevention of disease and health care
planning .
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Introduction to laboratory department & blood bank department
• Blood Bank ( transfusion medicine ) :
is a multidisciplinary specialty encompassing all aspects of blood donation , blood component preparation , Blood group, Coomb’s Tests, Compatibility Tests, and blood transfusion therapy .
Introduction to laboratory department & blood bank
department
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Introduction to laboratory department & blood bank department
1- Blood Bank : offering cross match, antibody detection, donor screening , providing blood & blood component.
2- Clinical Biochemistry : offering a wide range of chemistry parameters including : enzymology, toxicology and endocrinology.
3- Histopathology & Cytopathology : giving the service of cytology & biopsy report for all the tissue .
4- Hematology : offering routine CBC , coagulation profile and bone marrow aspirate .
Laboratory Sections
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5- Microbiology : offering the gram’s stain , Z.N stain and culture & sensitivity .
6- Microscopy : routine exam of stool & urine .
7- Serology & Virology : screening of hepatitis , HIV, widal test, RF, TPHA and CRP.
8- Receiving Section : receives the samples from all wards.
9- Molecular Diagnostics: uses progressive technologies and procedures to evaluate infectious disease, inherited disorders, oncogene copy number, and other gene abnormalities. The use of PCR, DNA hybridization, RFLP.
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Lab Equipments
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Autoclave is an instrument used
to sterilize equipment and
supplies by subjecting them to high pressure saturated steam at 121 °C for around 15–20 minutes depending on the size of the load and the contents
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Incubator is a device used to grow
and maintain microbiological cultures or cell cultures.
The incubator maintains optimal temperature, humidity and other conditions such as the (CO2) and O2 content of the atmosphere inside.
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CentrifugeThe centrifuge works using the sedimentation principle, where the centripetal
acceleration causes more dense
substances to separate out along the bottom
of the tube & lighter objects will tend to move to the top of the
tube .
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Biosafety Cabinet is an enclosed, ventilated Laboratory workspace for safely working with materials contaminated with pathogens requiring a defined biosafety level.
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Micropipetteis a laboratory tool used to transport a
measured volume of liquid.
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Water bath Microscope
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Mixer Spectrophotometer
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Chemistry Analyzer
Immunoassay Analyzer
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Water Distiller ELISA machine
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CBC analyzer Coagulation Analyzer
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ESR Rack Vortex Mixer
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Blood Bank Refrigerator Cell washer
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Hot plate Microtome
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Tissue Processor
Automatic Tissue Slide Stainer
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Petri Dish Plastic Pipette
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Pipette Tip Hemocytometer
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Safety rules DEFINITION:• Safety is the control of recognized
hazards to achieve an acceptable level of risk.
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General Safety Procedures1- All department employees report defective
equipment, unsafe conditions, acts or safety hazards to supervisor.
2- Keep electrical cords clear of passageways.3- All equipment and supplies must be properly
stored. Heavy items not stored on top shelves.4- Scissors, knives, pins, razor blades and other
sharp instruments safely stored and used .5- All electric machines with heat producing
elements turned off when not in use.6- Minor spills, i.e., water, cleaned by the
employee who discovers the spill. Major spills cleaned by Environmental Services
Department.
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Safety rules7- Wear suitable
clothing 8- Keep hands
away from sample needles and probes in the
instrument chambers.
General Safety Procedures
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Safety rules9- Equipments not left standing in traffic lanes .
10- Do not obstruct fire equipment. Know location of firefighting equipment and how to use it. Know
evacuation routes and what to do in case of fire.11 - All Clinical Laboratory materials, bottles,
specimens, etc., shall be plainly labeled .12 - Mouth pipetting is prohibited.13 - Disposable gloves must be worn as indicated.14- Any working area that becomes contaminated,
cleaned immediately with a disinfecting solution .15- Any specimen of blood, urine, sputum, saliva,
other body fluid or tissue must be regarded as potentially infectious .
General Safety Procedures
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Rules of obtaining the Specimen
1- Always use Standard Precautions.2- Avoid contact of open skin lesions with
blood.3- Hands are to be washed if they become
contaminated with blood while taking specimens.
4- Do not bend needles after use. Do not reinsert used needles in their original containers. Place used needles in the puncture-resistant container provided for
disposal needles.5- Gloves and lab coats are to be worn while
obtaining all specimens.6- After removing gloves and lab coat wash
hands thoroughly.
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