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General Laboratory

Prepared by Hamad ALAssaf

alassaf_h@yahoo.com

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Introduction to laboratory department & blood bank

department • Definition : Laboratory medicine : is the branch of

medicine which provide physicians and other healthcare professionals with information to :

1- detect disease or predisposition to disease .2- confirm or reject a diagnosis .3- establish prognosis .4- guide patient management .5- monitor efficacy therapy .6- direct prevention of disease and health care

planning .

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Introduction to laboratory department & blood bank department

• Blood Bank ( transfusion medicine ) :

is a multidisciplinary specialty encompassing all aspects of blood donation , blood component preparation , Blood group, Coomb’s Tests, Compatibility Tests, and blood transfusion therapy .

Introduction to laboratory department & blood bank

department

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Introduction to laboratory department & blood bank department

1- Blood Bank : offering cross match, antibody detection, donor screening , providing blood & blood component.

2- Clinical Biochemistry : offering a wide range of chemistry parameters including : enzymology, toxicology and endocrinology.

3- Histopathology & Cytopathology : giving the service of cytology & biopsy report for all the tissue .

4- Hematology : offering routine CBC , coagulation profile and bone marrow aspirate .

Laboratory Sections

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5- Microbiology : offering the gram’s stain , Z.N stain and culture & sensitivity .

6- Microscopy : routine exam of stool & urine .

7- Serology & Virology : screening of hepatitis , HIV, widal test, RF, TPHA and CRP.

8- Receiving Section : receives the samples from all wards.

9- Molecular Diagnostics: uses

progressive technologies and

procedures to evaluate infectious

disease, inherited disorders, oncogene

copy number, and other gene

abnormalities. The use of PCR, DNA

hybridization, RFLP.

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Lab Equipments

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Autoclave

is an instrument used to sterilize equipment and

supplies by subjecting them to high pressure saturated steam at 121 °C for around 15–20 minutes depending on the size of the load and the contents

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Incubator

is a device used to grow and maintain microbiological cultures or cell cultures.

The incubator maintains optimal temperature, humidity and other conditions such as the (CO2) and O2 content of the atmosphere inside.

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Centrifuge

The centrifuge works using the sedimentation principle, where the centripetal

acceleration causes more dense

substances to separate out along the

bottom of the tube & lighter objects will tend to move to the top of

the tube .

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Biosafety Cabinet

is an enclosed, ventilated Laboratory  workspace for safely working with materials contaminated with pathogens requiring a defined biosafety level.

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Micropipette

is a laboratory tool used to transport a measured volume of liquid.

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Water bath Microscope

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MixerSpectrophoto

meter

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Chemistry Analyzer

Immunoassay Analyzer

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Water Distiller ELISA machine

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CBC analyzerCoagulation

Analyzer

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ESR Rack Vortex Mixer

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Blood Bank Refrigerator Cell washer

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Hot plate Microtome

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Tissue Processor

Automatic Tissue Slide Stainer

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Petri Dish Plastic Pipette

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Pipette TipHemocytomet

er

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Safety rules

DEFINITION:• Safety is the control of recognized

hazards to achieve an acceptable level of risk.

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General Safety Procedures

1- All department employees report defective equipment, unsafe conditions, acts or safety hazards to supervisor.

2- Keep electrical cords clear of passageways.3- All equipment and supplies must be properly

stored. Heavy items not stored on top shelves.4- Scissors, knives, pins, razor blades and other

sharp instruments safely stored and used. 5- All electric machines with heat producing

elements turned off when not in use.6- Minor spills, i.e., water, cleaned by the

employee who discovers the spill. Major spills cleaned by Environmental Services Department.

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Safety rules7 - Wear suitable

clothing 8 - Keep hands

away from sample needles and probes in the instrument chambers.

General Safety Procedures

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Safety rules9 - Equipments not left standing in traffic lanes. 10 - Do not obstruct fire equipment. Know location

of firefighting equipment and how to use it. Know evacuation routes and what to do in case of fire.

11 - All Clinical Laboratory materials, bottles, specimens, etc., shall be plainly labeled.

12 - Mouth pipetting is prohibited.13 - Disposable gloves must be worn as indicated.14 - Any working area that becomes contaminated,

cleaned immediately with a disinfecting solution. 15 - Any specimen of blood, urine, sputum, saliva,

other body fluid or tissue must be regarded as potentially infectious.

General Safety Procedures

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Rules of obtaining the Specimen

1- Always use Standard Precautions.2- Avoid contact of open skin lesions with

blood.3- Hands are to be washed if they become

contaminated with blood while taking specimens.

4- Do not bend needles after use. Do not reinsert used needles in their original containers. Place used needles in the puncture-resistant container provided for disposal needles.

5- Gloves and lab coats are to be worn while obtaining all specimens.

6- After removing gloves and lab coat wash hands thoroughly.

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