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Key Resources : Chemical Lab | Metrology Lab | Microbiology Lab | Textile and Leather | Download Links | E-Forum | FAQ's Home About Labnetwork International Trade Laboratory Accreditation Testing Areas Success stories Reference Materials Proficiency Testing Sustainability Related Documents TrainingGeneral guidelines for a microbiological laboratory of optimal capacity

The suggested space for a microbiological testing laboratory of optimal capacity 130 sq. m. is discussed here. A separate room in the vicinity, allowing public access needs to be identified for sample receipt and storage. It may be adjacent to the microbiology testing laboratory or away depending on the general layout plan of the institution and areas of public access. The sample receipt room may serve as a common facility to other testing laboratories (chemical etc). The spaces suggested for testing activities are as follows.

Food testing laboratory40 sq. m.

Reference culture room10 sq. m.

Changing/entry room10 sq. m.

Media preparation room10 sq. m.

Washing/decontamination room10 sq. m.

Office /td>10 sq. m.

Head14 sq. m.

Interior passages16 sq. m.

TOTAL120 sq. m. (approx)

Sample receipt room10 sq. m.

GRAND TOTAL130 sq. m.

Arrangements of the different areas to carryout functions preventing contamination are identified in the layout plan (Fig. 5). The plan identifies locations for the main testing laboratory, media preparation room, glassware washing and decontamination room, culture maintenance room, head's room, staff room/ office and other facilities. The required specifications in designing of the laboratory complex are given below in relation to Fig 5-8.

Set up partitions as in Fig 5, using aluminium and glass panelling. Put aluminium or cement brick up to 1.2 meters from the floor and then glass up to the ceiling. At ceiling level all the panels should fit tightly and be sealed with appropriate material to prevent air leaks that may lead to contaminations.All doors to be of aluminium /glass, opening outward. The door marked A should have a width of 150 cm and the doors marked B a width of 130 cm to allow large equipment to be carried in. Other doors could be of standard size.Fix the central workbench in the main laboratory as indicated in the layout diagram. (Fig. 5). There should be cupboards and drawers under the benches.Construct workbenches along the wall in the glassware washing room, culture maintenance room, media preparation rooms and in the main laboratory. These should be 90 cm (height) x 90 cm (width) and suit the length to the walls as in Fig. 5. They may be of concrete or wood with push-in cupboards and drawers underneath.All bench and table tops in the testing laboratory, culture maintenance room, media preparation room and washing room need to be laid with granite, formica or a similar non-porous material.The testing laboratory, the media preparation room and the culture maintenance room need to be air-conditioned to maintain a continuous temperature of 25 oC and RH (55 + 5)%.In locations where an uninterrupted power supply is not available day and night, a backup generator with automatic switch gear needs to be used.The floor of the testing laboratory, the media preparation room and culture maintenance room should be done with epoxy resin. In all other areas, use smooth floor tiles, preferably white and of dimension 30cm x 30 cm.The locations for electricity outlets for 15 amps and 3-phase supply are indicated in Fig 6. Provide adequate lighting, using fluorescent or low energy bulbs to provide light intensity of 750 lux. The lights should be fixed at ceiling level and not hanging (to avoid collection and release of dust).Locations of sinks are given in Fig 5. Stainless steel sinks are preferred. In the washing room a sink with a draining board will be more useful. It is preferable to fix two-way or three-way laboratory type taps for the sinks.The water delivered to the laboratories should be at a minimum pressure of 2.0 bar (Where the pressure of the public supply is low and not continuous, install an overhead tank at 11metre height (equivalent of approximately the 4th floor of a building).The gas lines should carry two-way or four-way taps. The supply tank should be located outside the laboratory with suitable safety valves and protection from mishandling.All water exhaust down pipes from the sinks should be of 50 mm diameter leading down to 100 mm diameter horizontal pipes with no bends, and opening directly out of the laboratory so that they can be cleaned from outside.All surfaces in the testing laboratory, culture room and media preparation room where dust could accumulate (window panes and sharp corners in the floor) need to be made at an angle and curved.No pipelines and conduits should be laid on the surface of the floor or along the surface of walls in the laboratories as they permit dust and dirt to accumulate and are impossible to clean. They should be embedded.Storage cupboards for glassware and chemicals should be put up at appropriate places above 1.6 meters on the walls in the testing laboratory, washing room, sampling room and media preparation room (height 100 cm x depth 45 cm).Tint the glass windows in the outer walls to prevent direct sunlight entering the laboratoryThere should be no ceiling fans in the testing laboratories and the ceilings should be smooth.Extraction fans may be fixed in washing and media preparation room, but kept closed except during operation.Enamel paints are preferable on the walls since they can be washed.The proposed layout of equipment is given in Fig. 7.

FIG 5- LAYOUT PLAN FOR A MICROBIOLOGICAL LABORATORY OF CAPACITY 130 sq. m.

FIG 6 - SERVICE REQUIREMENTS FOR A MICROBIOLOGICAL LABORATORY OF CAPACITY 130 sq. m.

FIG 7- LAYOUT OF EQUIPMENT IN A MICROBIOLOGICAL LABORATORY OF CAPACITY 130 sq. m.

Additional Information Microbiology Related Links Design, Development and Layout General guidelines for a microbiological laboratory of optimal capacity Key Functions - Introductions Equipment and Consumables Staff, skills and training Proficiency Test Reference Materials (CRM) Test Methods Method Validation Uncertainty of Measurement Documentation in the microbiology laboratory seeking accreditation Copyright 2009 LABNETWORK, All rights reserved. Engineered by Vimta Specialities Windows Software Shop Software StoreMicrosoft Software VMware Software Shop Software http://www.prosoftwarestore.com/ Shop Autodesk SoftwareBorland Software shop Symantec shop Shop MAC SoftwareAdobe Softwarehttp://www.prosoftwarestore.com/

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Top of FormSearch Bottom of FormMain menuSkip to primary content Home About Contact Guides and Protocols Links ProductsSetting Up a Microbiology LabThe first challenge that any budding microbiologist may face is that of assembling and maintaining a useful lab. Early biologists made their names immortal just by tackling this problem; the Petri Dish, for example, is named for its inventor, Julius Petri.The key function of a microbiology lab is to provide a safe and efficient environment for the culture, study, storage and disposal of micro-organisms. Addressing these requirements means youve got yourself a lab.Subsections: Safety Some special safety considerations you mightnt already know! Glassware Petri Dishes, Test Tubes, Flasks What to get and how to keep General Equipment Sterilising, Incubating, Centrifuging and Observing Special Equipment for DNA PCR Equipment, Electrophoresis Chemicals, Buffers and Reagents Commonly desirable chemicals and their uses Organic Essentials Lab strains/species, plasmids, essential enzymesLeave a Reply Top of FormYour email address will not be published. Required fields are marked *Name * Email * Website Comment Bottom of FormProudly powered by WordPress Indie BiotechOpen Source Biotechnology for Everyone

Top of FormSearch Bottom of FormMain menuSkip to primary content Home About Contact Guides and Protocols Links ProductsSetting Up a Microbiology LabThe first challenge that any budding microbiologist may face is that of assembling and maintaining a useful lab. Early biologists made their names immortal just by tackling this problem; the Petri Dish, for example, is named for its inventor, Julius Petri.The key function of a microbiology lab is to provide a safe and efficient environment for the culture, study, storage and disposal of micro-organisms. Addressing these requirements means youve got yourself a lab.Subsections: Safety Some special safety considerations you mightnt already know! Glassware Petri Dishes, Test Tubes, Flasks What to get and how to keep General Equipment Sterilising, Incubating, Centrifuging and Observing Special Equipment for DNA PCR Equipment, Electrophoresis Chemicals, Buffers and Reagents Commonly desirable chemicals and their uses Organic Essentials Lab strains/species, plasmids, essential enzymesLeave a Reply Top of FormYour email address will not be published. Required fields are marked *Name * Email * Website Comment Bottom of FormProudly powered by WordPress

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Dansu 7 months ago kabengo 8 months ago Abdullah Ahmed at Sylhet MAG Osmani Medical College Hospital 1 year ago Gehad Saad , Demonstrator at Medical Microbiology and Immunology 1 year ago Establishing the Diagnostic Medical Microbiology De Presentation Transcript ESTABLISHING DIAGNOSTIC MICROBIOLOGY LABORATORY Dr.T.V.Rao MDDR.T.V.RAO MD 1 WHAT IS MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY Medical Microbiology may overlap with parasitology, generally considered the Study of Diseases caused by multi-cellular parasites, where a parasite is defined as an organism that derives its nutrients from another living organisms, often but not always to the detriments of its host. Microbes are continually probing our defenses and commensals that get into the "wrong" place can do untold damage. A very small Minority of microbes are primary pathogens. These are capable of infecting individuals and causing disease.DR.T.V.RAO MD 2 CHALLENGES IN MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY Medical Microbiology is a challenging profession deals with all aspects of infection, through initial diagnosis, to treatment. It includes hands on bench work in the laboratory, which is often neglected and close involvement with clinical staff in a variety of acute and community settings to effectively manage infections and ensure effective surveillance and infection prevention and control across the healthcare community.DR.T.V.RAO MD 3 View slide KNOW WHAT YOU ARE DOING Laboratory medicine in general and microbiology in particular is presently subject to rapid evolution. Do we know where we are going? What are the driving forces? Is it good, bad or just plain necessary? Who is gaining and who is losing?DR.T.V.RAO MD 4 View slide COMPONENTS OF DIAGNOSTIC MICROBIOLOGY It is the analysis of a sample, the synthesis of results (of several samples) and the clinical consultation. Together these form the basis for -diagnosis, -therapy, -infection control -advice on and surveillance of antimicrobial resistance and several other Public health issues on a national and European level.DR.T.V.RAO MD 5 ROLE OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGISTS Clinical microbiologists are engaged in the field of diagnostic microbiology to determine whether pathogenic microorganisms are present in clinical specimens collected from patients with suspected infections. If microorganisms are found, these are identified and susceptibility profiles, when indicated, are determine d.DR.T.V.RAO MD 6 COPING WITH PROGRESS IN DIAGNOSTIC MICROBIOLOGY During the past two decades, technical advances in the field of diagnostic microbiology have made constant and enormous progress in various areas, including bacteriology, mycology, mycobacteriology, parasitology, and virology. The diagnostic capabilities of modern clinical microbiology laboratories have improved rapidly and have expanded greatly due to a technological revolution in molecular aspects of microbiology and immunology. In particular, rapid techniques for nucleic acid amplification and characterization combined with automation and user- friendly software have significantly broadened the diagnostic arsenal for the clinical microbiologist.DR.T.V.RAO MD 7 CONVENTIONAL DIAGNOSTIC MICROBIOLOGY The conventional diagnostic model for clinical microbiology has been labor-intensive and frequently required days to weeks before test results were available. Moreover, due to the complexity and length of such testing, this service was usually directed at the hospitalized patient population.DR.T.V.RAO MD 8 DESIGN THE LABORATORY TO SUIT THE CIRCUMSTANCES AND WORK LOADDR.T.V.RAO MD 9 ESTABLISH THE BIOSAFETY IN MICROBIOLOGY LABORATORYOver the past twodecades, Biosafety inMicrobiological andBiomedical Laboratories(BMBL) has become thecode of practice forbiosafetythe disciplineaddressing the safehandling and containmentof infectiousmicroorganisms andhazardous biologicalmaterials.DR.T.V.RAO MD 10 BIOSAFETY LEVEL 1 Biosafety level 1 (BSL-1) is the basic level of protection and is appropriate for agents that are not known to cause disease in normal, healthy humansDR.T.V.RAO MD 11 BIOSAFETY LEVEL 2 Biosafety level 2 (BSL- 2) is appropriate for handling moderate-risk agents that cause human disease of varying severity by ingestion or through percutaneous or mucous membrane exposureDR.T.V.RAO MD 12 BIOSAFETY LEVEL 3 Biosafety level 3 (BSL-3) is appropriate for agents with a known potential for aerosol transmission, for agents that may cause serious and potentially lethal infections and that are indigenous or exotic in origin.DR.T.V.RAO MD 13 BIOSAFETY LEVEL 4 Exotic agents that pose a high individual risk of life-threatening disease by infectious aerosols and for which no treatment is available are restricted to high containment laboratories that meet biosafety level 4 (BSL-4) standardsDR.T.V.RAO MD 14 OPTIMAL UTILIZATION OF THE AVAILABLE RESOURCESDR.T.V.RAO MD 15 BE FAMILIAR WITH STERILIZATION PRACTICES Scientific sterilization practices will certainly cut short the rate of infection reduce the costs to the hospital and reduces morbidity and mortality. The recent document on Sterilization released by CDC Atlanta with title Guideline for Disinfection and Sterilization in Healthcare Facilities, 2008 will clarify all the doubts of practice, including the decreasing role of bio hazardous chemical and use of environmentally safe agents. Fumigation which we practice without knowing its biohazards needs a rethinking. Microbiologists should learn more; educate the Paramedical and Nursing staffs who are our greater partners in infection control.DR.T.V.RAO MD 16 OPTIMAL SPECIMEN COLLECTION INCREASES THE CAPABILITIES OF DIAGNOSTIC REPORTING Specimen collection and aseptic precautions in collection is a major concern to valid microbiology reporting, several life threatening septic complications including blood cultures in bacterial infections are contaminated due to lapses in specimen collection. A frequently contaminated blood culture reports losses the confidence of Physicians on Microbiology Departments.DR.T.V.RAO MD 17 ERRORS IN SPECIMEN COLLECTION INCREASES MORBIDITY AND ECONOMIC LOSES For patients, specimen collection errors during the pre-analytical phase can lead to medication errors, inappropriate or delayed therapy, missed therapy, possibly prolonged hospital stays, increased disability or worse.DR.T.V.RAO MD 18 UPDATE THE BACTERIOLOGY LABORATORIES CAN SAVE SEVERAL LIVES Bacteriology departments should be updated, as most of the life threatening infections are bacterial in developing world, effective early diagnosis reduce the cost of antibacterial agents, on many occasions are most costlier than hospital occupancy rates. However it is certainly need of the hour.DR.T.V.RAO MD 19 TURN TO FLUORESCENT MICROSCOPY FOR RAPID DIAGNOSIS OF SEVERAL LIFE THREATING INFECTIONS Advantages of fluorescence microscopy are due to its sensitivity, specificity, rapid testing, and easy use. It is easy to set up and do, provides rapid diagnostic tests, and can be very specific. Modern technology allows conversion of most compound microscopes easily and economically into effective fluorescence microscopes.DR.T.V.RAO MD 20 GOOD BENCH WORK IS THE STRENGTH OF DIAGNOSTIC MICROBIOLOGY Bench work Is the most important component of the Diagnostic Microbiology Typical tasks: include logs in sample or specimen noting date, time, and tests to be performed; based on quantitative growth patterns and effective reporting. A good control on the bench work by Senior Microbiologists keeps everybody under check .DR.T.V.RAO MD 21 UNFAMILIAR AND UNCOMMON ISOLATES DISCARD WITH WISDOM All uncommon isolates should be studied to species level with extended biochemical testing, and will be a boon to publish case reports in good academic journals. All uncommon isolates should not be reported without the wisdom of the senior Microbiologists. All upcoming Microbiologists should seek the help of reference centres for assistance and guidance as all we think may not be correct.DR.T.V.RAO MD 22 IMPROVE THE POTENTIALS OF MYCOBACTERIOLOGY AND MYCOLOGY The diagnostic work on Mycobacteriology and Mycology lags the advances to the growing needs of the physicians. Tuberculosis being a major health problem in the country, yet no dedicated laboratories to diagnose the disease beyond smear examination, and increasing drug resistant tuberculosis is a concern to the treating physician. The attention and dedicated work of the young Microbiologists will certainly supported by every one. However we certainly need new generation of Microbiologists to take up the Tuberculosis related work.DR.T.V.RAO MD 23 ANAEROBES ARE EQUALLY IMPORTANT IN DIAGNOSTIC MICROBIOLOGY The anaerobic culture work remains least attempted and younger generation of Microbiologists should explore this division of bacteriology as many anaerobes are developing drug resitance.DR.T.V.RAO MD 24 REPORTING THE MICROBIOLOGY RESULTSDR.T.V.RAO MD 25 DR.T.V.RAO MD 26 REPORTING THE LABORATORY RESULTS Reporting the results should be done with caution as the Physicians are not familiar with what really we mean and matters to be made clear and understandable. The greatest communication gap between clinicians and microbiologists remain with terminology.DR.T.V.RAO MD 27 QUALITY CONTROL HELPS IN PROGRESS OF LABORATORYDR.T.V.RAO MD 28 MOLECULAR METHODS IS DIAGNOSIS OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES he PCR is the most sensitive of the existing rapid methods to detect microbial pathogens in clinical specimens. In particular, when specific pathogens that are difficult to culture in vitro or require a long cultivation period are expected to be present in specimens, the diagnostic value of PCR is known to be significant. However, the application of PCR to clinical specimens has many potential pitfalls due to the susceptibility of PCR to inhibitors, contamination and experimental conditions. It is known that the sensitivity and specificity of a PCR assay is dependent on target genes, primer sequences, which are expensive. However molecular methods are most talked, highly expensive and creating dedicated laboratories continues to be difficult in our economy If modern methods of molecular diagnostics are not implemented we will we out of scene in Modern Medicine.DR.T.V.RAO MD 29 LABORATORIES IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES SHOULD SUPPORT THE EPIDEMIOLOGICAL STUDIES The emphasis is on performing quality-controlled laboratory testing for a finite period rather than long-term, routine diagnostic testing. These surveys can be conducted in selected hospitals or laboratories that provide a natural gathering point to sample patients meeting these entry criteria. A cohort- based study acting as a surveillance "probe" for a finite period may be more effective than individual patient-directed laboratory testing in providing useful clinical and public health information, in determining the true incidence and prevalence rates of emerging pathogens and antimicrobial-drug resistance, and in yielding clinical predictors for various infections in defined patient cohorts. In addition, cohort-based studies provide the opportunity to establish diagnostic capability in basic clinical microbiology in sentinel hospitals or laboratories and promote surveillance activities in regions where critical public health infrastructure has been neglected . ( CDC guidelines )DR.T.V.RAO MD 30 COMPUTER DOCUMENTATION WITH USE OF WHONET Continuous surveillance of local antimicrobial susceptibility patterns is a must for combating emerging antimicrobial resistance. WHONET is an effective computerized microbiology laboratory data management and analysis program that can provide guidance for empiric therapy of infections, alert clinicians of trends of antimicrobial resistance, guide the antibiotic policy decisions and preventive measures. The program facilitates sharing of data amongst different hospitals by putting each laboratory data into a common code and file format, which can be merged for national or global collaboration of antimicrobial resistance surveillance. All the documentation can be stored retrieved and analysed with the freely avialble soft ware from WHO, just needing computer The program supports routine entry of susceptibility test results performed by disk diffusion, MIC, and/or Etest or by Hi comb method The majority of laboratories in the Armed forces use comparative disc diffusion techniques based on Stokes or Kirby Bauer method to determine antibiotic sensitivity. Interpretation guidelines for most standardized testing methodologies are built into the system.DR.T.V.RAO MD 31 WHONET Working with WHONET make you familiarize with optimal drug choice, zone sizes, easier to understand in interpretation in precise reporting.DR.T.V.RAO MD 32 TELE DIAGNOSTIC SERVICES IN INFECTIOUS DISEASES When a laboratory would like assistance in identifying a parasitic organism, or confirmation of a presumed diagnosis, and they have access to a digital camera, they can use telediagnosis. Telediagnosis involves email transmission of data, such as digital images captured from samples and clinical and travel history, to CDC. Response to these inquiries can be provided in a matter of minutes to hours.DR.T.V.RAO MD 33 CDC HELPS IN TELEDIAGNOSIS OF PARASITIC INFECTIONS If you are a Microbiologist or a Pathologist and want to use telediagnosis assistance*, please visit the Diagnostic Assistance section on the DPDx Web site.DR.T.V.RAO MD 34 CARING FOR SELF IS EQUALLY IMPORTANT Our health and disease is a concern to us and family member apart from the society. All Bio hazardous micro- organisms and materials to be handled with caution. Be a champion to promote the Universal Precautions make the best contributions in prevention of infection in your own working arena.DR.T.V.RAO MD 35 PUBLISHING YOUR WORK Always publish your genuine work in Journals and periodicals; do not get disappointed if you cannot publish in a reputed journal. Now there are good quality on line Microbiology Journals (e-Journals) and periodicals which are indexed and available for your rescue. Every attempt to publish an article makes you realize where we have to improve and by going through good references we can certainly improve ourselves.DR.T.V.RAO MD 36 INTERNET AND E-LEARNING. All young and senior professionals should refer the good potential of information high way, the Internet and get the best out it. E-learning should be our next option to know what the world is thinking about. I consider it is the best emerging option for improving our knowledge in Microbiology.DR.T.V.RAO MD 37 ORGANIZATIONAL CHANGE CONSEQUENCES TO BE EVALUATED Quality of ordering and taking samples Acceptable dispersion of samples Transportation time and frequency of analysis Total laboratory throughput time (including timeliness of report)DR.T.V.RAO MD 38 ARRAY OF COMPETENCES Competence for performing analysis Competence for synthesis and evaluation of results Competence for clinical consultation Availability for consultation (staffing, working hours) Education and training Public health service -including infection control, HCAI (health care infections) and AMR (antimicrobial resistance). Recruitment of competent staff CostDR.T.V.RAO MD 39 COMPUTERIZED DECISIONS A EMERGING NEED .. Computerized decision support can preserve physician autonomy and has been shown to improve antibiotic use by a number of different measures: fewer susceptibility mismatches, allergic reactions and other adverse events, excess dosages, and overall amount and cost of antibiotic therapyDR.T.V.RAO MD 40 COMPUTERIZE YOUR LABORATORY TO SUIT THE DEMANDS OF THE HOSPITAL Legacy computer systems, quality improvement teams, and strategies for optimizing antibiotic use have the potential to stabilize resistance and reduce costs by encouraging heterogeneous prescribing patterns and use of local susceptibility patterns to inform empiric treatment.DR.T.V.RAO MD 41 TRENDS IN CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY "THE GOOD, THE TEDIOUS AND THE UGLY. Concentration of resources Amalgamation of services Outsourcing of services Accreditation of laboratories Explosion of staff competences Automation of analysisDR.T.V.RAO MD 42 OUTSOURCING Subcontracting a process to a third-party company.-the decision to outsource is often made in the interest of lowering cost or making better use of time and energy costs, redirecting or conserving energy directed at the competencies of a particular business, or to make more efficient use of land, labor, capital, technology and resources. Outsourcing became part of the business lexicon during the 1980s.DR.T.V.RAO MD 43 THE FUTURE AND GROWING NEEDS OF THE MICROBIOLOGY Antimicrobial resistance development and health care associated infectionswill demand more of microbiology! The compromised host of todays medicine requires effecive antibiotics for profylaxis and/or treatment. Empiric therapy will fail increasingly often and its use needs to be minimised! -pre-emptive culturing -rapid diagnostics (detection + AST) -advice on antimicrobial mono-and combination therapy will require outstanding competence.DR.T.V.RAO MD 44 SHORTEN TIME TO DIAGNOSIS Transportation of samples -distance, service, 24h-availability of blood culture cabinets. Availability -opening hours (24 h service, 7 d). Analytical methods process time, random access Timeliness of reporting (and making sure reports are looked at) Shorten time to susceptibility test results Rapid detection of susceptibility Rapid exclusion of resistanceDR.T.V.RAO MD 45 THE WAY FORWARD The true symbiosis between large, well equipped and richly staffed microbiological laboratories and smaller hospital based laboratories providing close- proximity microbiology and consultancy services and the basis for infection controlDR.T.V.RAO MD 46 BEWARE LABORATORY RESULTS CAN CREATE CONTROVERSIES AND LEGAL CHALLENGESDR.T.V.RAO MD 47 FOR ARTICLES OF INTEREST ON DIAGNOSTIC MICROBIOLOGY FOLLOW ME ONDR.T.V.RAO MD 48 The Programme created by Dr.T.V.Rao MD for e Learning resources for Microbiologists in Developing World. Email doctortvrao@gmail.comDR.T.V.RAO MD 49 English Franais Espaol Portugus (Brasil) Deutsch About Careers Developers & API Press Blog Terms Privacy Copyright Support ContactLinkedin Twitter Google Plus Facebook RSS Feeds LinkedIn Corporation 2014