Protein Translation From Gene to Protein Honors Biology Ms. Kim.
General Biology Notes TRANSLATION A.K.A. PROTEIN SYNTHESIS.
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Transcript of General Biology Notes TRANSLATION A.K.A. PROTEIN SYNTHESIS.
![Page 1: General Biology Notes TRANSLATION A.K.A. PROTEIN SYNTHESIS.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022072017/56649f055503460f94c1a627/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
General Biology NotesTRANSLATION
A.K.A. PROTEIN SYNTHESIS
![Page 2: General Biology Notes TRANSLATION A.K.A. PROTEIN SYNTHESIS.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022072017/56649f055503460f94c1a627/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Translation Definition:
• the process of converting or
translating the information in mRNA into a sequence of amino acids that makes up proteins.
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NOTE:
• Before translation can begin, transcription of the DNA into mRNA must occur.
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![Page 5: General Biology Notes TRANSLATION A.K.A. PROTEIN SYNTHESIS.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022072017/56649f055503460f94c1a627/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
There are three types of RNA involved in protein synthesis:
mRNA, rRNA and tRNA
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3 steps:
1. Initiation: mRNA attaches to the ribosome (rRNA). (The rRNA slides along the mRNA like a bead on a string.)
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• rRNA “reads” the mRNA in groups of three nucleotides called a codon.
• Translation always begins with a special codon (AUG) called the initiator or start codon.
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NOTE:
• there are 20 different amino acids and 64 different codons. Each amino acid may have more than one codon but each codon specifies for only one amino acid.
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mRNA codon chart
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2. Elongation:
• Transfer RNA (tRNA) carries or “taxis”a specific amino acid determined by the anticodon to the ribosome.
• The anticodon of tRNA pairs with the complementary codon on mRNA.
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• As the tRNA’s line up the amino acids, peptide bonds form between amino acids linking them into a protein.
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• The tRNA’s are recycled back to pick up more amino acids.
![Page 14: General Biology Notes TRANSLATION A.K.A. PROTEIN SYNTHESIS.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022072017/56649f055503460f94c1a627/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
3. Termination:
• the protein is released from the ribosome when a “stop” codon is reached. There are three special “stop” codons: UAA, UAG and UGA