General AP ReviewGeneral AP Review

Which amendment protects against Which amendment protects against cruel and unusual punishment?cruel and unusual punishment?

88thth

Civil rights are protected by which Civil rights are protected by which constitutional clause in the 14constitutional clause in the 14thth Amendment?Amendment?

Equal protectionEqual protection

Which branch of govt is dealt with in Which branch of govt is dealt with in Article II of the US Constitution?Article II of the US Constitution?

Executive Executive

Which amendment provided Which amendment provided women’s suffrage?women’s suffrage?

1919thth

Type of federalism that began in the Type of federalism that began in the 1970s, increased in the 1980s, and 1970s, increased in the 1980s, and took off in the mid-1990s:took off in the mid-1990s:

New FederalismNew Federalism

Which level of government is Which level of government is responsible for issuing marriage and responsible for issuing marriage and business licenses?business licenses?

StateState

Which ideology most reflects New Which ideology most reflects New Deal policy and Cooperative Deal policy and Cooperative Federalism?Federalism?

LiberalismLiberalism

Which ideology is most consistent Which ideology is most consistent with New Federalism?with New Federalism?

ConservatismConservatism

Conservatism with a flash of Conservatism with a flash of libertarianism, emphasizing small libertarianism, emphasizing small govt., strong defense, market govt., strong defense, market economics, unimpeded world trade, economics, unimpeded world trade, and many emphasizing traditional and many emphasizing traditional values:values:

Neo-conservatives (Neo-Cons)Neo-conservatives (Neo-Cons)

Which does NOT influence political Which does NOT influence political beliefs?beliefs?

1.1. FamilyFamily2.2. Religious affiliationReligious affiliation3.3. Marital statusMarital status4.4. EthnicityEthnicity5.5. Economic statusEconomic status6.6. Age Age

#3#3

Which is NOT a factor in voter turnout?Which is NOT a factor in voter turnout?

1.1. AgeAge2.2. ReligionReligion3.3. RegionRegion4.4. ApathyApathy5.5. Ideology Ideology 6.6. Civic dutyCivic duty7.7. GenderGender

#5#5

Which demographic is most Which demographic is most important in determining voter important in determining voter turnout?turnout?

EducationEducation

Do men or women have higher voter Do men or women have higher voter turnout?turnout?

Women (56% to a man’s 53%)Women (56% to a man’s 53%)

The strength or depth of opinion on The strength or depth of opinion on litmus test issues is measured by:litmus test issues is measured by:

Its intensity Its intensity

The personal impact of an issue is The personal impact of an issue is measured by its:measured by its:

SalienceSalience

Computer-generated phone numbers Computer-generated phone numbers is one way to create this type of is one way to create this type of sample:sample:

Random sampleRandom sample

Which of the following would least Which of the following would least likely be measured by its intensity?likely be measured by its intensity?

1.1. AbortionAbortion2.2. Capital punishmentCapital punishment3.3. Immigration reformImmigration reform4.4. Supreme Court approval ratingSupreme Court approval rating

#4#4

What kind of an election is a critical What kind of an election is a critical election?election?

Realigning election, when voters shift Realigning election, when voters shift their party identificationtheir party identification

Which was NOT a critical or realigning Which was NOT a critical or realigning election?election?

1.1. 1734: Adams1734: Adams

2.2. 1860: Lincoln1860: Lincoln

3.3. 1912: Wilson/TR/Taft1912: Wilson/TR/Taft

4.4. 1932: FDR1932: FDR

5.5. 1980: Reagan1980: Reagan

#1#1

What Court case supported some What Court case supported some control over contributions to control over contributions to candidates, but not over personal candidates, but not over personal expenditures as a form of free expenditures as a form of free expressionexpression

Buckley v ValeoBuckley v Valeo

Federal employees (bureaucrats) Federal employees (bureaucrats) can’t publicly endorse candidates or can’t publicly endorse candidates or run for office as a result of passage run for office as a result of passage of the:of the:

Hatch ActHatch Act

FECA created an explosion of PACs. FECA created an explosion of PACs. What loophole was the Bipartisan What loophole was the Bipartisan Campaign Finance Reform Act meant Campaign Finance Reform Act meant to correct?to correct?

Soft money contributionsSoft money contributions

Which is NOT an activity of Which is NOT an activity of lobbyists?lobbyists?

1.1. Testify before committee hearingsTestify before committee hearings2.2. Influence the public to call membeers of Influence the public to call membeers of

CongressCongress3.3. Raise campaign fundsRaise campaign funds4.4. Participate in floor debateParticipate in floor debate

#4#4

What type of media is considered What type of media is considered more opinionated and topical?more opinionated and topical?

New MediaNew Media

How does the media help set the How does the media help set the national agenda?national agenda?

Choosing what stories to coverChoosing what stories to cover

The advent of television has led to The advent of television has led to the creation of a new type of the creation of a new type of campaign advisor, and is another campaign advisor, and is another reason campaigns have become so reason campaigns have become so expensive:expensive:

Image consultantImage consultant

Where are decisions made about Where are decisions made about debate limits? (Be specific!)debate limits? (Be specific!)

House Rules CommitteeHouse Rules Committee

Where are revenue bills initiated?Where are revenue bills initiated?

HouseHouse

Who chooses the VP if the Electoral Who chooses the VP if the Electoral College fails to?College fails to?

SenateSenate

If bill is stuck in a House committee, If bill is stuck in a House committee, how can it be pulled out?how can it be pulled out?

Discharge petitionDischarge petition

Which party meets in Conference to Which party meets in Conference to plan and strategize legislation?plan and strategize legislation?

RepublicansRepublicans

What determines committee chairs?What determines committee chairs?

SenioritySeniority

What is an advantage to the seniority What is an advantage to the seniority system?system?

ContinuityContinuityExpertiseExpertiseLongevity for long-term agenda goalsLongevity for long-term agenda goals

What kind of committee is a What kind of committee is a Conference Committee?Conference Committee?

JointJointSelectSelect

What type of committees are Senate What type of committees are Senate investigatory committees?investigatory committees?

SelectSelect

Senate and House committees that Senate and House committees that deal with spending bills:deal with spending bills:

AppropriationsAppropriations

A committee chair delays A committee chair delays consideration of a bill, it is said to consideration of a bill, it is said to have been …have been …

PigeonholePigeonhole

How can a Senator of the minority How can a Senator of the minority party single-handedly keep a bill or a party single-handedly keep a bill or a nominee from being voted up or nominee from being voted up or down?down?

Place a hold the bill or nomineePlace a hold the bill or nomineeFilibuster the bill or appointmentFilibuster the bill or appointment

What is it called when the Pres What is it called when the Pres refuses to act on a bill and within the refuses to act on a bill and within the last 10 days of a session of last 10 days of a session of Congress?Congress?

Pocket vetoPocket veto

House committee dealing with tax House committee dealing with tax policy:policy:

Ways and MeansWays and Means

The Budget and Impoundment The Budget and Impoundment Control Act created this committee Control Act created this committee for each house:for each house:

Budget CommitteeBudget Committee

What legislation was aimed at What legislation was aimed at reducing “soft money” contributions?reducing “soft money” contributions?

McCain-FeingoldMcCain-FeingoldBipartisan Campaign Finance Reform Bipartisan Campaign Finance Reform

ActActBCFRBCFR

Pork barrel legislation has the benefit Pork barrel legislation has the benefit of increasing …of increasing …

Incumbent reelection ratesIncumbent reelection ratesProviding states and districts with Providing states and districts with

federally funded projectsfederally funded projects

What happens to the sentence of the What happens to the sentence of the person a president pardons? person a president pardons?

Terminated Terminated

Why did the public condemn Ford Why did the public condemn Ford soon after he assumed the soon after he assumed the Presidency after Nixon’s resignation?Presidency after Nixon’s resignation?

Ford pardoned Nixon Ford pardoned Nixon

What quasi-legislative tool can the What quasi-legislative tool can the President use that has the force of President use that has the force of law (that only apply to executive law (that only apply to executive agencies)?agencies)?

Executive orderExecutive order

How many electoral votes are How many electoral votes are needed to be elected president?needed to be elected president?

50% +150% +1270270

TOTAL number of years a President TOTAL number of years a President can serve:can serve:

1010

What replaced the spoils system in What replaced the spoils system in bureaucratic jobs and appointments?bureaucratic jobs and appointments?

Merit systemMerit system

How many Cabinet departments are How many Cabinet departments are in the executive branch?in the executive branch?

1515

What is the relationship of mutual What is the relationship of mutual benefit that forms between benefit that forms between committee members, agencies, and committee members, agencies, and special interest groups that can special interest groups that can strongly influence legislation?strongly influence legislation?

Iron TriangleIron Triangle

What does our dual court system What does our dual court system refer to?refer to?

System of federal and state courtsSystem of federal and state courts

In which amendment is prohibitions In which amendment is prohibitions on unreasonable search and seizure on unreasonable search and seizure found?found?

44thth

What do the following rights have in What do the following rights have in common?common?

Speedy trialSpeedy trialImpartial juryImpartial juryRight to counselRight to counselPublic trialPublic trial

66thth Amendment Amendment

What principle of expression (press) What principle of expression (press) did did Near v MinnesotaNear v Minnesota establish? establish?

No prior restraint of the pressNo prior restraint of the press

Clear and Present Danger test Clear and Present Danger test established by this case:established by this case:

Schenk v USSchenk v US

What Court test would be violated What Court test would be violated when a state passed a law when a state passed a law supporting Southern Baptists?supporting Southern Baptists?

Lemon TestLemon Test

Which was NOT a result of Which was NOT a result of Lemon v Lemon v KurtzmanKurtzman??

1.1. State must demonstrate compelling interest State must demonstrate compelling interest in religious issuesin religious issues

2.2. Can’t favor one religion over anotherCan’t favor one religion over another

3.3. Relationship between church and state can’t Relationship between church and state can’t be excessivebe excessive

#1#1

Court test or standard that requires a Court test or standard that requires a “compelling state interest” and must “compelling state interest” and must be narrowly used when considering be narrowly used when considering laws that classify on the basis of racelaws that classify on the basis of race

Strict ScrutinyStrict Scrutiny

What case overturned Fuhrman in What case overturned Fuhrman in claiming capital punishment is a claiming capital punishment is a constitutionally justifiable expression constitutionally justifiable expression for the most heinous of crimes so for the most heinous of crimes so long as enough safeguards are in long as enough safeguards are in place?place?

Gregg v GeorgiaGregg v Georgia

What Court was the most liberal and What Court was the most liberal and activist?activist?

WarrenWarren

In what area did most of the Warren In what area did most of the Warren Court activism change constitutional Court activism change constitutional interpretation?interpretation?

Criminal rightsCriminal rightsThe accusedThe accused

Courts that most respect precedent Courts that most respect precedent and the legislature’s right to make and the legislature’s right to make law is considered …law is considered …

RestrainedRestrained Judicial restraintJudicial restraint

What type of speech is most What type of speech is most protected?protected?

PoliticalPolitical

When an interested party to a case When an interested party to a case wants the Court to consider a wants the Court to consider a particular line of reasoning, the particular line of reasoning, the interested party can submit a …interested party can submit a …

Amicus curiae briefAmicus curiae brief

The exercise of what type of The exercise of what type of jurisdiction does the Supreme Court jurisdiction does the Supreme Court rely on for most of the cases it grants rely on for most of the cases it grants certiorari?certiorari?

Appellate jurisdictionAppellate jurisdiction

Where is the first primary held?Where is the first primary held?

New HampshireNew Hampshire

Where is the first caucus held?Where is the first caucus held?

IowaIowa

Compared to general elections, what Compared to general elections, what is the education and income level of is the education and income level of primary election voters?primary election voters?

HigherHigher

What happens the first Tuesday What happens the first Tuesday following the first Monday of following the first Monday of November?November?

Election dayElection day

In what type of states do candidates In what type of states do candidates concentrate their campaign energies concentrate their campaign energies and funds?and funds?

Large, competitive, swing statesLarge, competitive, swing states

What does “faithless electors” refer What does “faithless electors” refer to?to?

Electors are not required to vote for Electors are not required to vote for who they are “supposed to”who they are “supposed to”

What do the following have in What do the following have in common?common?

White (until REAL recently)White (until REAL recently)Educated (usually Ivy League)Educated (usually Ivy League)Protestant (except once)Protestant (except once)From an important stateFrom an important state

Unwritten requirements to be Pres.Unwritten requirements to be Pres.

If the President becomes disabled for If the President becomes disabled for a time, the VP becomes the:a time, the VP becomes the:

ActingActing Pres. Pres.

What about legislation does Congress What about legislation does Congress delegate authority over legislation to delegate authority over legislation to executive agencies?executive agencies?

Broadly wordedBroadly worded

When do Presidential approval When do Presidential approval ratings tend to be consistently ratings tend to be consistently highest?highest?

Economic prosperityEconomic prosperity

When do approval ratings tend to When do approval ratings tend to take the highest short-run jump?take the highest short-run jump?

National crisis (especially when National crisis (especially when attacked)attacked)

When do approval ratings tend to dip When do approval ratings tend to dip the most?the most?

ScandalScandal

What role does the Pres play when What role does the Pres play when he receives ambassadors and he receives ambassadors and negotiates executive agreements?negotiates executive agreements?

Chief diplomatChief diplomat

Who appoints the Chairman of the Who appoints the Chairman of the Federal Reserve?Federal Reserve?

PresidentPresident

To reduce inflation, what can To reduce inflation, what can Congress do?Congress do?

Increase taxesIncrease taxesDecrease govt. spendingDecrease govt. spending

What type of policy does the Fed What type of policy does the Fed exercise to influence interest rates to exercise to influence interest rates to expand ro contract the money expand ro contract the money supply?supply?

Monetary policyMonetary policy

How would the Fed use open market How would the Fed use open market operations to grow the economy, operations to grow the economy, increase GDP, and lower increase GDP, and lower unemployment?unemployment?

Buy government bondsBuy government bonds

What appointments do NOT require What appointments do NOT require Senate confirmation?Senate confirmation?

White House Office/StaffWhite House Office/Staff