General anatomy, End Arteries
Transcript of General anatomy, End Arteries
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General AnatomyDr. Gamal Taha, Lecturer of Anatomy
End
Arteries
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Circulatory System An efficient mode of transport for oxygen, nutrients,
and waste productsto and from body tissues.
Heartis the mechanical pump that propels the bloodthrough the vessels.
Heart and blood vessels form a closed-loop system.
Blood vessels can pulsateand change shapeinaccordance with the bodys needs.
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Blood Vessels
Systemic circulation
Consists of the blood vessels thatextend to and from the body tissues.
Pulmonary circulation Consists of the vessels that take the
blood to the lungs for gas exchange.
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Three Main Classes of Blood
Vessels Arteriesconvey blood awayfrom the
heart to the body tissues, get smaller as
they go away from the heart.
Veinscarries blood to the heart andbecome progressivelylargeras they
merge and get closer it.
And, Capillaries, that are connecting both
of them.
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Three Main Classes of Blood
Vessels Anastomosis: Site where two or more
vessels merge to supply the same bodyregion.In other words, connectionbetween different arteries to maintain thearterial supply if the main artery isoccluded.
Arterial anastomoses: alternate route
Veins tend to form many more anastomosesthan do arteries.
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Three Main Classes of Blood
Vessels End Arteries
Arteries that do not form anastomoses
Only one route, if an end artery isoccluded the tissues supplied by it wouldsuffer infarction
E.g.: Renal artery, Splenic artery
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Types of End ArteriesAnatomical End Arteries
The arteries have no anastomosis at all
with neighboring arteries e.g. CentralRetinal Artery
Functional End Arteries
Have small anastomoses, but it is notsufficient to compensate for occlusionof the main artery
E.g.: Coronary Arteries
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Arteries
In the systemic circulation,carry oxygenated
blood to the body tissues.
Pulmonary arteries carry deoxygenatedbloodto the lungs.
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Capillaries
Allow gas and nutrient exchangebetween
the blood and the body tissues to occurrapidly.
Smallestblood vessels, connect arteriolesto venules.
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Capillaries
An adult human has been estimated to
have some60,000 miles (96,560 km) ofcapillaries with a total surface area of
some 800-1000 square meters, an area
greater than three tennis courts.
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The Three Basic Kinds of
Capillaries Continuous
capillaries
They are continuousin the sense that
the endothelial cells
provide anuninterrupted lining
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The Three Basic Kinds of
Capillaries Fenestrated
capillaries
Have pores in theendothelial cellsand allow small
molecules andlimited amounts ofprotein to diffuse
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The Three Basic Kinds of
Capillaries Sinusoids, or
discontinuous
capillariesspecial type of
fenestrated capillariesthat have larger
openings allow red andwhite blood cells
various serumproteinsto pass
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blood_plasmahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blood_plasma -
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Veins Drain capillariesand return the blood to the heart.
Walls are relatively thinand the vein lumen is larger.
Systemic veinscarry deoxygenated bloodto the rightatrium of the heart, while pulmonary veinscarry
oxygenated bloodto the left atrium of the heart.
Hold about 60% of the bodys blood at rest.
Veins function as blood reservoirs.
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Portal circulation
Portal venous systemoccurs when
a Capillary Bed pools into another capillarybed through veins,without first going
through the heart.
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Hepatic Portal System A venous network that drains the GI tract and
shunts the blood to the liverfor processing andabsorption of transported materials.
Blood exits the liver through hepatic veinsthatmerge with the inferior vena cava.
Is needed because the GI tract absorbs digestednutrients, and these nutrients must be processedand/or stored in the liver.
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