Gender-Violence and Access to Justice for Dalit Women 2011

7/31/2019 Gender-Violence and Access to Justice for Dalit Women 2011

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Gmehf Zc~izt

@cedcz!Wmifcekc

hedHkkc{{ ti Ls{tmkc

giz tbc Dhfmt Piahe

Dckcajcz :>88



@cedcz!Wmifcekc hed Hkkc{{ ti Ls{tmkcgiz tbc Dhfmt Piahe

Gmehf Zc~izt

^sjfm{bcz<

Ehw{hzlhe Tzs{t Wmffh`c< Ehem dcwhtm& [hehed!Jhwfh Zihd&

Th% [hehed& Dm{t% Hbacdhjhd& @slhzht%

Dckcajcz :>88



KIETCET[

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Metzidsktmie ~`% :

Actbidifi`} ~`% ;Zch{ie{ giz [cfcktmie ig Dm{tzmkt{Dhth KiffcktmieDhth Hehf}{m{Tczameifi`}

^hzt 8 ‛ Tbc Wmifcekc ~`% 3

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^hzt : ‛ Tbc Ls{tmkc ~`% 2Gmfme`{

Thjfc ;< Eie!Dhfmt ie Dhfmt Kzmac Kh{c Dcfh}{Thjfc 4< Dhfmt ie Dhfmt Kzmac Kh{c Dcfh}{JhmfKiewmktmie{Thjfc 3< ^zc{cet [thts{ ig Zc`m{tczcd @cedcz!Wmifcekc Kzmac Kh{c{

^hzt ; ‛ Wmifcekc hed Ls{tmkc j} Dm{tzmkt ~`% 8:Thjfc 7< Hwczh`c Esajcz ig Hkt{ ig Wmifcekc H`hme{t Dhfmt Piace ~cz îfmkc Dmwm{mie j} Dm{tzmktThjfc 0< Hwczh`c Esajcz ig Eie!Dhfmt ie Dhfmt Kzmac Gmfme` Dcfh}{ ~cz îfmkc Dmwm{mie j} Dm{tzmkt

Thjfc 2< Hwczh`c Esajcz ig Dhfmt ie Dhfmt Kzmac Gmfme` Dcfh}{ ~cz îfmkc Dmwm{mie j} Dm{tzmkt

Kiekfs{mie ~`% 8;

H~~cedmr ~`% 83Thjfc =< Htzikmt} Kh{c{ h`hme{t Dhfmt{ Zc`m{tczcd me :: Dm{tzmkt{ ig @slhzht& ;>tb Lheshz} 8=2= ti ;8{t

Dckcajcz :>>7Thjfc 8>< @cedcz!Wmifcekc Kzmac{ ie Dhfmt Piace j} ]chz& Dckcajcz :>>4 tbzis`b Eiwcajcz :>>=[kbcdsfcd Kh{tc{ "[K- hed [kbcdsfcd Tzmjc{ "[T- ^zcwcetmie ig Htzikmtmc{ Hkt& 8=2= hed Medmhe ^cehf

Kidc "M^K-& crkcz~tcdEmec Kh{c [tsdmc{ gzia tbc Dm{tzmkt{ ig Jbhweh`hz& Ostkb hed Zhloit



Hkkc{{ ti ls{tmkc tbzis`b tbc kzmamehf ls{tmkc {}{tca m{ h ~zmahz} kiekcze giz tbi{c pbi bhwc jcce bm{tizmkhff}ahz`mehfm|cd hed dm{kzmamehtcd h`hme{t% Medmh'{ kh{tc {}{tca m{ iec ig tbc ifdc{t giza{ ig bczcdmthz}dm{kzmamehtmie% ]ct h gsztbcz {tzhtsa ig dm{kzmamehtmie thoc{ ~fhkc pmtb tbc metcz{cktmiehfmt} ig `cedcz hed kh{tc% Ti

hehf}|c ̀ cedcz me tbc kietcrt ig kh{tc m{ ti gmed h wsfeczhjfc& ht zm{o `zis~ ig Medmhe {ikmct} ‛ Dhfmt piace% Me tbc{tzs``fc giz kh{tc cxshfmt} hed hkkc{{ ti ls{tmkc tbc {mèmgmkhekc ig `cedcz igtce zcahme{ bmddce% Tbm{ {tsd}cr~i{c{ tbm{ kiekcze%

Tbm{ {tsd}& @cedcz!Wmifcekc hed Hkkc{{ ti Ls{tmkc giz tbc Dhfmt Piahe< Gmehf Zc~izt& hed mt{ kia~hemie&Gmehf Zc~izt [s~~fcacet< [thtm{tmkhf Thjfc{ j} Dm{tzmkt hed îfmkc [thtmie& pczc sedczthoce j} Ehw{hzlheTzs{t& me kiffhjizhtmie pmtb Ameizmt} Zm`bt{ @zis~ Metczehtmiehf& Fiedie% Tbc zc{chzkb hddzc{{c{ Dhfmt piace'{wsfeczhjmfmt} h{ wmktma{ ig `cedcz!wmifcekc hed zcwmcp{ tbc cggcktmwcec{{ ig tbc ackbhem{a{ hed fhp{ ig tbckzmamehf ls{tmkc {}{tca ti ~zitckt hed ~sem{b% Pbmfc ̀ mwme` h ̀ fma~{c ig tbc Dhfmt piace'{ {tzs``fc& tbc {tsd} bi~c{ti cr~i{c tbc {ikmhf zchfmtmc{ hed tbc fc`hf {tzsktszc{ tbht eccd ti jc zcgizacd {i tbht tbc fmwc{ ig tbc{c piace ah}

jckiac h jmt jcttcz%

Tbczc m{ askb pizo ti jc diec pmtbme chkb Dhfmt ghamf} hed kiaasemt} ti ~ziaitc tbc zm`bt{ hed dmèmt} ig mt{piace hed ti ced tbc wmifcekc ti pbmkb tbc{c piace hzc {sjlcktcd% Tbczc m{ pizo ti jc diec ti occ~ Dhfmt piace{hgc me tbc pizo~fhkc& ie tbc zihd{ hed me tbc fhz`cz {ikmct}% Hed tbczc m{ pizo ti jc diec ti hkbmcwc ls{tmkc tbzis`btbc fhp% Jst pbi pmff thoc ie tbm{ zc{~ie{mjmfmt} ie jcbhfg ig tbc{c piace hed `mzf{9 M{ mt tbc {ifc zc{~ie{mjmfmt} ig kmwmk {ikmct} iz`hem|htmie{ ti jc tbcmz hdwikhtc{ iz dic{ tbc [thtc ig @slhzht bhwc h zifc9 Khe tbc ~ifmkc jckiacaizc h``zc{{mwc ~zitcktiz{ ig tbc fhp9 Pbmkb ìwczeacet fchdcz{ pmff {tc~ gizphzd ti hddzc{{ tbc m{{sc{ ig `cedcz hed kh{tc wmifcekc ht tbc bm`bc{t fcwcf{ ig tbc [thtc hed tbc kzmamehf ls{tmkc {}{tca9 Mg cwcz}iec pczc tithoc cwce {iac zc{~ie{mjmfmt}& tbce tbc m{{sc ig `cedcz wmifcekc pisfd thoc ie tbc {czmis{ec{{ hed sz`cek}

haie` tbi{c pbi bhwc tbc ~ipcz ti {hwc fmwc{% Hed& sftmahtcf}& zcgiza hed cegizkcacet ig fhp{ ti ~zitckt piacehed Dhfmt{ khe jzme` eccdcd zcgiza ti tbc kzmamehf ls{tmkc {}{tca h{ h pbifc%

M pisfd fmoc ti tbheo hff tbc Ehw{hzlhe tcha acajcz{ mewifwcd me dhth kiffcktmie hed kh{c {tsd} giffip s~< Az% Hzwmed Ahopheh& A{% Emzs Kbizh{m}h& Az% Ahflm [me`hf& Az% Wmzlm Kbhwdh& A{% Ahelsfh [ifheom& Az% Dhb}hjbhmDhgdh& A{% Ahelsfh Ahopheh& Az% Jhfdcwjbhm Ahopheh& Az% Ohf~c{b H{idm}h& A{% Dhz{bheh hed A{% Lh{amthAhopheh% M ha ai{t h~~zckmhtmwc ti Az% Ohetmjbhm ̂ hzahz hed A{% [s{bah Whem}h giz tbcmz dctczamehtmie hed bhzdpizo me tbc kia~mfme` hed hehf}|me` ig tbc dhth% Gmehff}& M tbheo A{% Ohzce [ijcf& wifsetccz gzia Haczmkhe Lcpm{bPizfd [czwmkc& Semtcd [thtc{& giz h{{m{thekc me pzmtme` hed gmehfm|me` tbm{ ma~izthet diksacet%

Dhfmt piace as{t gccf kiegmdcet ti hkkc{{ ~ifmtmkhf ls{tmkc ackbhem{a{% Tbcmz wimkc{ eccd ti jc bchzd% H {bip ig {ifmdhzmt} ti ced tidh}'{ mels{tmkc pmff jc tbc ecrt {tc~ tiphzd{ tbc gsff fmjczhtmie ig tbc{c Medmhe kmtm|ce{ gzia tbcwmifcekc tbc} bhwc khzzmcd {mfcetf} giz ghz tii fie`%

Me {ifmdhzmt}&Ahelsfh ̂ zhdcc~Crckstmwc Dmzcktiz& Ehw{hzlhe Tzs{t@slhzht& MedmhDckcajcz :>88

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Me 8=2= tbc Medmhe ~hzfmhacet ~h{{cd Tbc [kbcdsfcd Kh{tc{ hed [kbcdsfcd Tzmjc{ ̂ zcwcetmie ig Htzikmtmc{ Hkt me h

jifd httca~t ti ̀ shzhetcc jh{mk bsahe zm`bt{ ti tbc ai{t wsfeczhjfc me Medmhe {ikmct}% Tbc Hkt h~~zi~zmhtcf} dcgmecd

tbc ckieiamk& ~ifmtmkhf hed ~zi~czt}!zcfhtcd iggce{c{ kiaamttcd h`hme{t tbc [kbcdsfcd Kh{tc{ hed [kbcdsfcd

Tzmjc{ h{ ‖Htzikmtmc{‑ hed {ct ist h {}{tca pbczcj} {~ckmhf kiszt{ pisfd jc hstbizm|cd ti jzme` ti tzmhf hff ahttcz{sedcz tbc Hkt% Jst h{ tbc tpcetmctb heemwcz{hz} ig tbc Hkt ~h{{cd me :>>=& ahe} fchdcz{ me tbc dm{hdwheth`cd kh{tc{

gcft fc{{ tbhe cetbs{mh{tmk hjist tbc hkbmcwcacet{ tbht tbc Hkt hed ~cztmecet Medmhe ̂ cehf Kidc{ bhd ~ziam{cd ti

dcfmwcz% Ig ~hztmksfhz kiekcze ph{ cwmdcekc tbht Dhfmt piace& tbht ̀ zis~ ig ~ci~fc {mtshtcd ht tbc wcz} jittia ig tbc

kh{tc bmczhzkb}& kietmescd ti jc wmktma{ ig kzmac{ ig wmifcekc hed zckcmwcd fmttfc ~zitcktmie sedcz tbc fhp% Tbc

kzmamehf ls{tmkc {}{tca ~ziwmdcd ecmtbcz dctczzcet eiz kie{cxscekc giz tbc kzmamehf{ hed tbs{ tbc kzmac{ pcet

sehjhtcd%

Mt m{ giz tbm{ zch{ie tbht Ehw{hzlhe Tzs{t& pmtb tbc {s~~izt ig Ameizmt} Zm`bt{ @zis~ Metczehtmiehf& bh{ sedczthoce h{}{tcahtmk {tsd} ig ̀ cedcz!wmifcekc ie Dhfmt piace& giz tbc }chz{ :>>4!:>>=% Tbm{ zc{chzkb hma{ ti {bip tbht Dhfmt

piace zcahme wsfeczhjfc ti wmifcekc tbht ~czwhdc{ tbcmz wmffh`c{& tbcmz biac{ hed tbcmz ai{t metmahtc

zcfhtmie{bm~{% Tbm{ wmifcekc m{ ~cz~ctzhtcd eit ief} j} Eie!Dhfmt ace& jst hf{i j} acajcz{ ig tbc piace'{ ipe

kiaasemtmc{ hed bis{cbifd{% Tbc {tsd} hddzc{{c{ h {~ckmhf {sj{ct ig wmifcekc tczacd ‖hkkmdcethf dchtb{ ig Dhfmt

piace%‑ Tbc{c dchtb{ hzc kfh{{mgmcd h{ hkkmdcethf h{ ei iec m{ hkks{cd ig dmzckt zc{~ie{mjmfmt} giz khs{me` tbc

dchtb% ]ct& bm{tizmk ~zckcdcet hed heckdithf cwmdcekc fmeo ahe} ig tbc{c {s{~mkmis{ iz seehtszhf dchtb{ ti ie`ime`

bhzh{{acet pbmkb& me tmac& fchd{ tbc wmktma ti thoc bcz ipe fmgc% Tbm{ zc{chzkb hf{i hma{ ti fiio ht tbc fc`hf {}{tca

hed mt{ cggcktmwcec{{ ti jzme` ls{tmkc ti tbc wmktma{% Ht chkb {th`c ig tbc fc`hf ~zikc{{ mt kbhzt{ kia~fmhekc pmtb fc`hf

~zikcdszc{ hed& gmehff}& kie{mdcz{ pbctbcz tbc gmwc }chz kiewmktmie zhtc ig >%0# ahoc{ h aikocz} ig tbc kzmamehf

ls{tmkc {}{tca h{ h ache{ giz ̀ cedcz!wmifcekc ls{tmkc%

Tbc Medmhe [thtc zcki`em|c{ 87> amffmie ~ci~fc pbi {sggcz dm{kzmamehtmie ie tbc jh{m{ ig kh{tc% Heitbcz 4> amffmie

{sggcz tbc {hac dc{~mtc kiewcz{mie gzia Bmedsm{a ti itbcz eie!kh{tc jh{cd ghmtb{% Tbm{ hekmcet giza ig

dm{kzmamehtmie ph{ {hektmiecd j} Bmedsm{a& Medmh'{ diamehet zcfm`mie& hed hdi~tcd j} ahe} As{fma{ hed

Kbzm{tmhe{ pmtbme Medmh% Bipcwcz& mt ph{ hjifm{bcd hed mt{ ~zhktmkc ~zibmjmtcd j} tbc Kie{tmtstmie ig Medmh me 8=3>%

Tbc tcza{ [kbcdsfcd Kh{tc{ hed [kbcdsfcd Tzmjc{ zcgcz ti hff tbi{c ahz`mehfm|cd j} tbc{c bczcdmthz} dm{tmektmie{%

Dhfmt m{ he mdcetmt} kimecd giz tbc kiaasemt} pbi pczc tzchtcd h{ setiskbhjfc{% Dhfmt ache{ kiaasemt} pbmkb m{i~~zc{{cd iz dc~zc{{cd dsc ti kh{tc {}{tca%

Metzidsktmie

:



Zch{ie{ giz [cfcktmie ig Dm{tzmkt{Me :>88 tbc [thtc ig @slhzht kietmesc{ ti zmdc tbc phwc ig Medmh'{ ecp ckieiamk ~zi{~czmt}& bifdme` tbc dm{tmektmie h{Medmh'{ zmkbc{t {thtc pmtb h @D^ ~cz kh~mth mekiac tpmkc tbht ig tbc kisetz} h{ h pbifc% Bipcwcz& pbmfc kczthme{cktiz{ ig tbc ~i~sfhtmie hzc tbzmwme`& itbcz kmtm|ce{& ~hztmksfhzf} Dhfmt piace& bhwc {tmff ti {ckszc jh{mk bsahezm`bt{ ~zitcktmie sedcz tbc fhp%

Giz tbc ~sz~i{c ig metce{mwc zcwmcp ig tbc Dhfmt piace ig @slhzht tbm{ {tsd} ph{ fmamtcd ti tbc tbzcc dm{tzmkt{ ig Jbhweh`hz& Ostkb hed Zhloit& gzia haie` tbc tpcet} {mr {thtc dm{tzmkt{% Tbc{c dm{tzmkt{ pczc kbi{ce giz {cwczhfzch{ie{< Zhloit hed Ostkb pczc haie` tbc ti~ cm`bt dm{tzmkt{ ti jc dckfhzcd htzikmt} {ce{mtmwc j} tbc @iwczeacet ig @slhzht me :>>2? tbc tbzcc dm{tzmkt{ zheocd gmz{t& {ckied hed {mrtb me tbc esajcz ig zc`m{tczcd aszdcz hed zh~c kh{c{ie Dhfmt piace giz tbc }chz{ 8=2= tbzis`b :>>7? hed {sggmkmcet ghkt{ hed dhth pczc ~ziwmdcd j} chkb dm{tzmkt'{~ifmkc {thtmie{ giz acheme`gsf {thtm{tmkhf hehf}{m{% Me hddmtmie& Ehw{hzlhe Tzs{t bh{ he c{thjfm{bcd zh~~izt hedieìme` kiethkt pmtb tbc Jbhweh`hz Dhfmt kiaasemt}% Me tbc ~h{t mt bh{ eit pizocd metce{mwcf} me Ostkb hed Zhloit?tbs{ Ehw{hzlhe'{ fhko ig hdwikhk} giz Dhfmt piace'{ ~zitcktmie gzia kzmac hed hkkc{{ ti ls{tmkc me tbc{c dm{tzmkt{ph{ he hddmtmiehf whzmhjfc giz metcz~zcthtmie ig tbc dhth%

Dhth KiffcktmieTbzis`b tbc Zm`bt ti Megizahtmie Hkt& Ehw{hzlhe {cet he H~~fmkhtmie ti tbc iggmkc ig tbc Dm{tzmkt [s~czmetcedcet ig îfmkc ig Zhloit& Jbhweh`hz hed Ostkb Dm{tzmkt{ ti ijthme dhth ie zc`m{tczcd kh{c{ ig htzikmtmc{ h`hme{t Dhfmt piace

{tj} Eie Dhfmt{& wmifcekc ie Dhfmt piace j} Dhfmt{ hed hkkmdcethf dchtb{ ig Dhfmt piace gzia 8 Dckcajcz :>>4 ti

tb;> Eiwcajcz :>>=% H thjsfhz gizaht ph{ ~ziwmdcd j} Ehw{hzlhe ti tbc Dm{tzmkt [s~czmetcedhet ig îfmkc me tbzccdm{tzmkt{% Tbc megizahtmie ie Htzikmtmc{ h`hme{t Dhfmt piace pczc kh{c{ ig wmifcekc ie Dhfmt piace zc`m{tczcdsedcz tbc ̂ zcwcetmie ig Htzikmtmc{ hkt& 8=2= hed sedcz tbc Medmhe ̂ cehf Kidc& 827>% Tbc megizahtmie ie wmifcekch`hme{t Dhfmt piace j} Dhfmt{ pczc kh{c{ ig wmifcekc zc`m{tczcd sedcz zcfcwhet {cktmie{ ig Medmhe ^cehf Kidc&827>% Kh{c{ ig diac{tmk wmifcekc ie Dhfmt piace sedcz tbc ^zitcktmie ig Piace gzia Diac{tmk Wmifcekc Hkt&:>>3 pczc eit ijthmecd h{ tbc{c kh{c{ hzc zc~iztcd ti tbc Dm{tzmkt ^zitcktmie Iggmkcz{ hed tbczc hzc ei fc`hfma~fmkhtmie{ me tbm{ hkt%

Mt m{ ma~izthet ti eitc tbc fip ~czkceth`c ig ~ifmkc {thtmie{ tbht zc{~iedcd ti tbm{ zcxsc{t me {~mtc ig ~sem{bacet{hed gmec{ tbht ah} jc fcwmcd giz eie!kia~fmhekc pmtb tbc ZTM Hkt% Dhth ph{ zckcmwcd gzia 48# ig ~ifmkc {thtmie{ giz Eie!Dhfmt ie Dhfmt kzmac& 44# ig ~ifmkc {thtmie{ giz Dhfmt ie Dhfmt kzmac& hed 4=# ig ~ifmkc {thtmie{ {sjamttcd Hkkmdcethf)Seehtszhf Dchtb{ dhth%

Iekc tbc memtmhf dhth ph{ zcwmcpcd& tbzcc kh{c{ gzia chkb dm{tzmkt pczc mdcetmgmcd giz gsztbcz mewc{tm`htmie% Giz chkbkh{c h Ehw{hzlhe gmcfd zc{chzkbcz kiedsktcd h ~cz{iehf metczwmcp pmtb chkb wmktma hed bcz ghamf}& wm{mtcd pmtb tbcfikhf ~ifmkc ti zcwmcp& zckcmwc he s~dhtc ie tbc kh{c hed hkxsmzc h ki~} ig tbc Kbhz`c [bcct iz [saahz}& act pmtbtbc h{{mècd ~sjfmk ~zi{ckstiz& kiedsktcd hddmtmiehf ghkt gmedme` mg eccdcd& hed ph{ me httcedhekc ht he} kiszt~zikccdme`{% Tbc{c Kh{c [tsdmc{ bhwc jcce {sjamttcd giz s{c me tbm{ zc~izt hed gmcfd zc{chzkbcz{ kietmesc ti

hktmwcf} aiemtiz tbc {thts{ ig chkb ig tbc kh{c{%

Actbidifi`}

;



Dhth Hehf}{m{Tbc dhth ph{ hehf}|cd giz tbc ~sz~i{c{ ig "8- ti sedcz{thed tbc kszzcet giza{& dc~tb hed metce{mt} ig zc~iztcdwmifcekc ie Dhfmt piace& hed ":- ti h{{c{{ tbc cggcktmwcec{{ ig tbc kzmamehf ls{tmkc {}{tca ti ~ziwmdc zckisz{c giz tbc{c kzmac{%

Tczameifi`} H zcwmcp ig ~cztmecet Medmhe fhp{ cehktcd ti ~zitckt tbc zm`bt{ ig piace m{ bcf~gsf giz hehf}{m{ ig tbc dhth% Tbc[kbcdsfcd Kh{tc{ "[K- hed [kbcdsfcd Tzmjc{ "[T- ̂ zcwcetmie ig Htzikmtmc{ Hkt& 8=2=& {thtc{& ‖Pbicwcz& eit jcme`h acajcz ig h [K iz h [T& metcetmiehff} me{sft{ iz metmamdhtc{ pmtb metcet ti bsamfmhtc h acajcz ig h [K iz h [T me he}~fhkc pmtbme ~sjfmk wmcp& h{{hsft{ iz s{c{ gizkc ie he} piahe jcfie`me` ti [K iz [T pmtb metcet ti dm{bieisz iz istzh`c bcz aidc{t}& "iz- jcme` me h ~i{mtmie ti diamehtc tbc pmff ig h piahe jcfie`me` ti h [K iz h [T& s{c{ tbht~i{mtmie ti cr~fimt bcz {crshff} ti pbmkb {bc pisfd eit bhwc itbczpm{c h`zccd& {bhff jc ~sem{bhjfc pmtbma~zm{ieacet giz h tcza pbmkb {bhff eit jc fc{{ tbhe {mr aietb{ jst pbmkb ah} crtced ti gmwc }chz{ hed pmtb h gmec%‑Tbc Hkt mekzch{c{ ti ma~zm{ieacet giz fmgc he} Medmhe ̂ cehf Kidc iggce{c h`hme{t h acajcz ig h [K iz [T tbht m{

~sem{bhjfc pmtb ma~zm{ieacet giz h tcza ig 8> }chz{ iz aizc& mg tbc iggcedcz m{ eit h acajcz ig h [K iz [T% Hddmtmiehff} tbc Hkt ~ziwmdc{ giz tbc h~~imetacet ig [~ckmhf Kiszt{ hed [~ckmhf @iwczeacet ^zi{ckstiz{ giz cr~cdmtme` tbc ~zikccdme`{ sedcz tbm{ Hkt% Tbc Medmhe ̂ cehf Kidc "M^K- gsztbcz {~ckmgmc{ fhp{ giz tbc ~zitcktmie ig hff piace% Ma~izthet {cktmie{ zcfhtme` ti `cedcz!wmifcekc hzc tbc giffipme`< Dipz} Dchtb ";>4J-& Hjctacet ig [smkmdc ";>7-& H{{hsft iz Kzmamehf Gizkc ti h Piahe pmtb Metcet ti Istzh`c bcz Aidc{t} ";34-& Zh~c ";03-&^sem{bacet giz Zh~c ";07-& hed H Bs{jhed iz Zcfhtmwc ig Bs{jhed ig h Piahe [sjlcktme` Bcz ti Kzscft} "4=2H-%Me hddmtmie& he} iggce{c tbht m{ ~sem{bhjfc pmtb ma~zm{ieacet giz h tcza ig 8> }chz{ iz aizc& pbce ~cz~ctzhtcd j} hEie!Dhfmt ie h Dhfmt piahe& as{t hf{i jc gmfcd h{ he Htzikmt} Hkt kzmac%

Giz tbc ~sz~i{c ig tbm{ {tsd}& h{ ~cz tbc Htzikmtmc{ Hkt& he htzikmt} m{ dcgmecd h{ h Eie![K iz Eie![T h{{hsft ie h [Kiz [T piahe pmtb metcet ti ~sjfmkf} bsamfmhtc& dm{bieisz iz istzh`c bcz aidc{t} iz ti cr~fimt bcz {crshff} h`hme{tbcz pmff%

Tbm{ {tsd}'{ kiekcze{ hzc hff ̀ cedcz!jh{cd kzmac{ tbht wmktmam|c Dhfmt piace% Mt m{ hkoeipfcd`cd tbht cwcz} kzmaczc~zc{cet{ se{~chohjfc {sggczme` ig h `zmcwis{ ah`emtsdc% ]ct& giz tbc ~sz~i{c ig tbm{ zc~izt& ti jc{t h~~zckmhtctbc ah`emtsdc ig tbm{ wmifcekc& {thtm{tmk{ hzc ̀ zis~cd hed mdcetmgmcd j} tbc giffipme` tczameifi`}<

°@zmcwis{ kzmac{ hzc aszdcz& zh~c& omdeh~~me`& hjdsktmie& hkt{ ig istzh`me` aidc{t} iz itbcz kzmac{ pbmkb

~zidskc {czmis{ ~b}{mkhf melsz} ti h Dhfmt piahe j} h Eie!Dhfmt%°Eie!`zmcwis{ kzmac{ hzc kzmac{ ig ~b}{mkhf wmifcekc pmtbist ~b}{mkhf melsz} iz kzmac{ ig acethf bhzh{{acet ti

h Dhfmt piahe j} h eie!Dhfmt%

°Kzscft} j} Me!fhp{ hed Dipz} Hkt kzmac{ hzc kzmac{ h`hme{t h Dhfmt piahe j} bcz bs{jhed hed)iz bm{ ghamf}%Kzscft} j} Me!fhp{ kzmac{ hzc pmffgsf kiedskt pbmkb dzmwc{ h piahe ti kiaamt {smkmdc iz khs{c melsz} ti bcz fmgc&acethf iz ~b}{mkhf bchftb% Tbc} hf{i mekfsdc bhzh{{acet ig tbc piahe ti kiczkc sefhpgsf dcahed{ giz ~zi~czt}% Pbce tbc dchtb ig h piahe m{ khs{cd j} jsze{ iz jidmf} melsz} pmtbme {cwce }chz{ ig bcz ahzzmh`c hedmt m{ {bipe tbht jcgizc bcz dchtb {bc ph{ {sjlcktcd ti kzscft} iz bhzh{{acet me kieecktmie pmtb he} dcahed giz dipz}& tbm{ m{ mdcetmgmcd h{ h Dipz} Hkt kzmac%

4



°Dhfmt ie Dhfmt `zmcwis{ kzmac{ hzc aszdcz& zh~c& omdeh~~me`& hjdsktmie& hkt{ ig istzh`me` aidc{t} hed itbcz kzmac{ ig ~b}{mkhf wmifcekc iz acethf bhzh{{acet& pmtb iz pmtbist ~b}{mkhf melsz}& ti h Dhfmt piahe j} h Dhfmtpbi m{ eit h ghamf} acajcz%

° Hkkmdcethf iz seehtszhf dchtb{ hzc tbi{c dchtb{ ig Dhfmt piace pbmkb hzc zc`m{tczcd h{ hkkmdcethf dchtb{ me

tbc îfmkc {thtmie{% Tbc{c seehtszhf dchtb{ mekfsdc khtkbme` ie gmzc& kie{same` ~im{ie& bhe`me` iec{cfg&{mkoec{{& dzipeme`& hkkmdcet hed itbcz%

Me Jbhweh`hz h As{fma diktiz me{tzskt{ h Bmeds Kbhzahz "[K- piahe ti zcaiwc bcz kfitbc{ hed tbce httca~t{ ti{crshff} h{{hsft bcz pbmfc hfiec me tbc crhamehtmie ziia%

Me Jbhweh`hz h :8 }chz ifd Bmeds Wheohz "[K- piahe dmc{ gzia h {cfg!megfmktcd `se {bit pised hgtcz h fce`tb} ~czmid ig bhzh{{acet j} bcz bs{jhed hed me!fhp{% Bcz {ce{c ig bi~cfc{{ec{{ hed dc{~iedcek} zchkbc{ h fip pbce bcz bs{jhed dic{ eit ~czamt bcz ti tzhwcf ti bcz ~hzcet{' biac giz tbc Zhobm gc{tmwhf%

H 3> }chz ifd Bmeds Wheohz "[K- piahe kiffcktme` gmzcpiid ist{mdc bcz Zhloit wmffh`c m{ htthkocd j} tbzcc ^htcf ace pmcfdme` he hr& piidce {tmko hed {tccf ~m~c% Kh{tc zcfhtmie{ me bcz wmffh`c hzc ~hztmksfhzf} wifhtmfc hed dszme` tbc htthko tbc ace }cff tbc bhtcgsf kh{tc!jh{cd tbzcht& ‖[hfh Dbcdhi ec ahzm Ehobi& Lmwth {hf`hwm Ehobi&‑ JszeTbca Dipe(‑

Me Ostkb& hgtcz h zmko{bhp jzcho{ he sedcz`zised phtcz ~m~cfmec tbht ~h{{c{ me gziet ig h [K piahe'{ biac& {bch{o{ tbc Aikbm zmko{bhp dzmwcz ti zc~hmz tbc jzcho% Me{tchd& h gm`bt ce{sc{ hed tbc piahe m{ {thjjcd ti dchtb me

gziet ig bcz kbmfdzce%

Pbmfc tzhwcfme` hfiec ie h {kiit} me Jbhweh`hz h Bmeds Kbhahz "[K- piahe m{ {ti~~cd j} tbzcc ace& ~sffcd ti tbc{mdc ig tbc zihd& bhzh{{cd hed ~b}{mkhff} htthkocd% H {crshf h{{hsft j} tbc wmffh`c [hz~hekb m{ hwcztcd pbce hzmko{bhp ~h{{c{ j}%

Tbc{c crkcz~tcd kh{c{ dc{kzmjc tbc wsfeczhjmfmt} ig Dhfmt piace ti ieìme` hkt{ ig wmifcekc tbht ~czwhdc tbcmz kiaasemtmc{& tbcmz biac{ hed tbcmz ai{t metmahtc zcfhtmie{bm~{% Wmifcekc bh~~ce{ ie ~sjfmk zihdph}{& me bi{~mthf{hed me tbc {hektshz} ig iec'{ ipe bis{c% Tbc hkks{cd mekfsdc tzs{tcd ~b}{mkmhe{& wmffh`c bchd{& {tzhe`cz{ hed

ghamf}% Wmifcekc m{ zhedia hed hf{i tbc ksfamehtmie ig }chz{ ig hjs{c% Ti sedcz{thed tbc giza{& dc~tb hed metce{mt}ig tbm{ wmifcekc& tbm{ {tsd} mewc{tm`htc{ tbzcc {c~hzhtc khtcìzmc{ ig zc~iztcd wmifcekc iwcz h ~czmid ig gmwc }chz{& 8Dckcajcz& :>>4 tbzis`b ;> Eiwcajcz& :>>=% Wmifcekc ie Dhfmt piace j} Eie!Dhfmt{Tbc tbzcc dm{tzmkt{ me tbc {tsd} zckizdcd h tithf ig 823 kzmac{ h`hme{t Dhfmt piace j} Eie!Dhfmt{% Ig tbc{c& tbc^zcwcetmie ig Htzikmtmc{ Hkt ph{ wmifhtcd 873 tmac{& giz me {iac me{thekc{ aizc tbhe iec hkt ig htzikmt} ph{kiaamttcd pmtbme h {me`fc kzmac% Tbc 823 kzmac{ mekfsdcd iec aszdcz& :> zh~c{ iz ̀ he` zh~c{& 8= hkt{ ig istzh`meàidc{t}& :: omdeh~~me`{& :> hjdsktmie{ hed 82 kh{c{ ig {czmis{ ~b}{mkhf melsz}% Kfh{{mgmcd giz tbc ~sz~i{c ig tbm{{tsd} h{ =; ̀ zmcwis{ kzmac{ hed =: eie!`zmcwis{ kzmac{& tbm{ jzchodipe bm`bfm`bt{ tbc ̀ zma ghkt tbht 3>%:0# ig tbc

kh{c{ zc{sftcd me dchtb iz ̀ zhwc ~b}{mkhf melsz} ti tbc piahe%

^hzt 8 ‛ Tbc Wmifcekc

3



Wmifcekc ie Dhfmt Piace j} Dhfmt{

Pmtbme tbc Dhfmt kiaasemt} h Dhfmt piahe m{ igtce tbc wmktma ig kzmac tbht zcgfckt{ tbc {tzsktszc hed bmczhzkb} ig ~ipcz pmtbme tbc tzhdmtmiehf Medmhe ghamf}% Me tbc tzhdmtmiehf {tzsktszc h ahzzmcd piahe fmwc{ pmtb hed m{ {sj{czwmcet tibcz bs{jhed hed bm{ crtcedcd ghamf}% Me tbc ~h{t& hkt{ ig kzscft} hed)iz bhzh{{acet j} tbc bs{jhed'{ ghamf} pczc{cce h{ cetmtfcd& ~zmwhtc ghamf} ahttcz{& eit kzmamehf hktmwmt}% Tidh}& tbc Medmhe ̂ cehf Kidc ~ziwmdc{ fc`hf ~zitcktmiegiz tbc fc`hf zm`bt{ ig h ahzzmcd piahe hed ~ziwmdc{ ~sem{bacet sedcz tbc Kzscft} j} Me!fhp{ hed Dipz} Hkt%Bipcwcz& hkt{ ig wmifcekc ie Dhfmt piace kietmesc%

Tbc tbzcc dm{tzmkt{ me tbm{ {tsd} zckizdcd h tithf ig 0>4 kzmac{ h`hme{t Dhfmt piace j} Dhfmt{% Ig tbc{c& 487 pczcKzscft} j} Me!fhp{ hed ;8 pczc Dipz} Hkt kzmac{% Tbczc pczc tpi bsedzcd hed cm`bt}!cm`bt kzmac{ ie Dhfmt piacej} Dhfmt{ pbi hzc eit ghamf} acajcz{ "`zmcwis{ hed eie!`zmcwis{% Tbc :22 kzmac{ mekfsdcd 4 aszdcz{& 4 httca~tcdaszdcz{& 8: zh~c{& ;= hkt{ ig istzh`me` aidc{t} hed 87 kh{c{ ig hjctacet ti {smkmdc%

Hkkmdcethf)Seehtszhf Dchtb{ ig Dhfmt PiaceMe izdcz ti xshetmg} tbc kszzcet giza{ ig wmifcekc h`hme{t Dhfmt piace& tbm{ {tsd} mekfsdc{ tbc {sj{ct ig wmifcekctczacd Hkkmdcethf)Seehtszhf Dchtb ig Dhfmt piace% [thtm{tmk{ ie hkkmdcethf dchtb{ hzc zckizdcd j} ~ifmkc {thtmie{?bipcwcz ~ifmkc bhwc ahdc ei zckizd ig {sj{cxscet mewc{tm`htmie{ meti ~i{{mjfc kzmamehf hktmwmtmc{ fmeocd ti tbc{cdchtb{% Pbmfc he hkt ig wmifcekc hed h kzmamehf kh{c hzc eit tbc {hac& mt m{ kfchz gzia tbc ehtszc ig tbc{c {s{~mkmis{dchtb{ tbht tbc{c piace {sggczcd gzia wmifcet ced{ ti tbcmz fmwc{% Bip am`bt iec jc`me ti sedcz{thed tbc fmeojctpcce ieìme` bhzh{{acet j} iec'{ bs{jhed hed)iz me!fhp{ hed h piahe'{ cwcetshf setmacf} hed seehtszhfced9 Tbc tbzcc dm{tzmkt{ zckizdcd h tithf ig ;0> hkkmdcethf)seehtszhf dchtb{ ig Dhfmt piace% Tbc khs{c ig tbc{c

dchtb{ pczc zckizdcd h{ tbc giffipme`< :>4 khs`bt gmzc& 7> kie{sacd ~im{ie&8> bhe`cd tbca{cfwc{& ;2 pczc dscti h {mkoec{{& 80 dzipecd& = pczc dsc ti he semdcetmgmcd hkkmdcet hed ;4 pczc kfh{{mgmcd h{ itbcz%

[iac Ij{czwhtmie{

Sedcz!zc~iztme` ig Wmifcekc

Pbce fiiome` ht tbc dhth ie esajcz{ ig zc~iztcd wmifcet kzmac{ h`hme{t Dhfmt piace& mt m{ ma~izthet ti zcacajcz tbht ahe} kzmac{ hzc ecwcz zc~iztcd ti tbc ~ifmkc hed tbczcgizc ecwcz h~~chz ie he} {thtm{tmk{%

Me :>>7& tbc Ehtmiehf Kha~hmè ie Dhfmt Bsahe Zm`bt{ "EKDBZ- ~sjfm{bcd h dcthmfcd {tsd} ig wmifcekc h`hme{tDhfmt piace me gisz {thtc{ me Medmh% Me mt& tbc} gised tbht ig tbc Dhfmt piace {szwc}cd pbi bhd cr~czmcekcd wmifcekc&4>%:# pczc sehjfc ti {cco he} t}~c ig fc`hf zcdzc{{ hed heitbcz :7%3# pczc jfikocd me tbcmz httca~t ti {ccozcdzc{{ jcgizc tbc} zchkbcd tbc ~ifmkc% Tbc {tsd} hf{i gised tbht 8%7# ig piace ijthmecd megizahf ls{tmkc ht tbckiaasemt} fcwcf pmtbist mewifwme` tbc fc`hf {}{tca hed tbht 80%4# ig piace pczc jfikocd gzia ijthmeme` fc`hfzcdzc{{ cmtbcz j} tbc ~ifmkc iz j} itbcz {thtc hktiz{% Tbm{ achet tbht me 23%0# ig me{thekc{ ig wmifcekc cr~czmcekcdj} piace me tbc gisz {thtc{& tbc} dmd eit iz pczc sehjfc ti ̀ hme cetz} ti tbc fc`hf {}{tca ht hff% Tbm{ {s``c{t{ tbht tbciggmkmhf gm`szc{ ig esajcz{ ig mekmdcet{ ig wmifcekc h`hme{t Dhfmt piace zc~iztcd ti tbc ~ifmkc me @slhzht hzc{mèmgmkhetf} fipcz tbhe tbc hktshf esajcz ig mekmdcet{ pbmkb thoc ~fhkc me zchfmt}%

7



Mekia~fctc dhth zckcmwcd

Tbm{ zc~izt m{ h {tsd} ig jitb wmifcekc tiphzd{ hed kzmamehf ls{tmkc giz tbc Dhfmt piace ig @slhzht% ]ct tbm{ {tsd} bh{

dctczamecd tbht kzmamehf ls{tmkc dhth m{ me{sggmkmcet h{ h dcgmemtmwc ach{szc ig tbc ~czwh{mwc wmifcekc dmzcktcd ht tbc

~i~sfhtmie%

Kie{mdcz tbc ~czkceth`c ig ~ifmkc {thtmie{ tbht {sjamttcd dhth giz zcwmcp& dc{~mtc tbc fc`hf ahedhtc giz

kia~fmhekc& h{ zckizdcd me Thjfc :% Kzmac{ ig Eie!Dhfmt wmifcekc ie Dhfmt piace me Zhloit pczc {sjamttcd j} ief}

:3# ig ~ifmkc {thtmie{ "= ig ;7 {thtmie{-& pmtb tbc ̀ zchtc{t ~czkceth`c ig dhth {sjamttcd giz Dhfmt ie Dhfmt wmifcekc me

Ostkb& zc~iztcd j} 72%82# ig ~ifmkc {thtmie{% Me ghkt tbc dhth stmfm|cd ph{ {sjamttcd j} he hwczh`c ig ief} 43# ig

tbc 8>8 ~ifmkc {thtmie{ mekfsdcd me tbc tbzcc Dm{tzmkt{% Tbs{& tbc tithf esajcz ig ̀ cedcz!wmifcekc gmfme`{ me tbm{ {tsd}

kheeit jc s{cd ti {s``c{t tbc tithf esajcz ig hkt{ ig wmifcekc zc~iztcd ti ~ifmkc me tbc tbzcc Dm{tzmkt{% Me ghkt& mt

{s``c{t{ tbc i~~i{mtc? tbht h ~mktszc ig aizc ~czwh{mwc wmifcekc pisfd cacz`c pmtb 8>># ig ~ifmkc {thtmie

zc{~ie{c%

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H~~fmkhtmie gmfme`% He H~~fmkhtmie& gizphzdcd ti tbc {sj!dm{tzmkt ah`m{tzhtc sedcz kzmamehf ~zikcdszc kidc {cktmie

8>0& khff{ s~ie jitb ~hztmc{ ti hamkhjf} {cttfc ief} tbht ~hzt ig tbc kia~fhmet pbmkb zcfhtc{ ti jzchkb ig ~chkc

jctpcce tbc ~hztmc{ pmtbme {mr aietb{% H Dhfmt wmktma ig `cedcz!wmifcekc m{ igtce mffmtczhtc ig fc`hf ~zikcdszc hed

seghamfmhz pmtb tbc ~zikc{{ giz zc`m{tczme` h kia~fhmet% H wmktma m{ igtce ~zc{{szcd meti gmfme` bcz kia~fhmet h{ he H~~fmkhtmie& hed)iz dckcmwcd meti jcfmcwme` tbht tbc H~~fmkhtmie m{ tbc {hac h{ he G%M%Z%

0



Sedcz tbc Kzmamehf ̂ zikcdszc Kidc& tbc fc`hf ~zikc{{ tbht as{t jc giffipcd pbce he hffc`cd Htzikmtmc{ Hkt kzmacbh{ ikkszzcd m{ kfchz% Tbc bhedfme` ig he mewc{tm`htmie as{t jc`me hed zcahme tbc ~zmahz} zc{~ie{mjmfmt} ig tbcdm{tzmkt'{ Dc~st} [s~czmetcedcet ig ̂ ifmkc% Tbc Hkt ma~i{c{ ~ziwm{mie{ giz tbc h~~imetacet ig [~ckmhf Kiszt{ hed

[~ckmhf @iwczeacet ^zi{ckstiz{ ti cr~cdmtc ~zikccdme`{ sedcz tbc Hkt% Tbc ~zc{kzmjcd izdcz hed tmacthjfc mg mdcetmgmcd& ig tbc fc`hf ~zikcdszc m{ h{ giffip{<

8% Gmz{t Megizahtmie Zc~izt "G%M%Z%- ‛ maacdmhtc gmfme` ig giza s~ie fchzeme` ig hffc`cd kzmac:% Hzzc{t ig hkks{cd;% @zhetme` ig jhmf ti hkks{cd4% Gmfme` ig Kbhz`c [bcct iz [saahz} ‛ pmtbme ;> dh}{ ig G%M%Z% gmfme` me Htzikmtmc{ Hkt kh{c{ hed dsc => dh}{

gzia G%M%Z% gmfme` me hff itbcz kh{c{3% Kiszt ~zikccdme` ti dctczamec kiewmktmie& hkxsmtthf iz kia~ziam{c

Mt {bisfd jc eitcd tbht tbc {hac ~zikcdszc m{ hf{i giffipcd me cwcz} kzmamehf kh{c? bipcwcz tbc h~~imetacet ig h

Dc~st} [s~czmetcedcet ig ̂ ifmkc m{ eit zcxsmzcd giz eie!Htzikmt} Hkt kzmac{%

Gmfme`{Tbc ma~izthekc ig gmfme` he G%M%Z% h{ {iie h{ h kzmac bh{ jcce {s{~cktcd iz dm{kiwczcd& giffipcd j} tbc maacdmhtchzzc{t ig tbc hkks{cd kheeit jc iwcz{thtcd% Tbc ehtszc ig `cedcz!wmifcekc m{ {skb tbht mt ah} eit jc ~i{{mjfc ti~czahecetf} ~zc{czwc ~b}{mkhf cwmdcekc% Jidmf} melszmc{ ah} bchf% Cwmdcekc ig zh~c hed {crshf hjs{c ah} jc{kzsjjcd hph}% Pmtec{{c{ ti acethf iz ~b}{mkhf bhzh{{acet fchdme` ti {smkmdc hed itbcz seehtszhf dchtb{ ah} jc{mfcekcd iwcz tmac% Tbc khs{c ig dchtb ah} zcahme sedctczamecd cwce h{ jidmc{ hzc ~zc~hzcd giz kzcahtmie%^zia~t hzzc{t ig tbc hkks{cd mt hf{i wcz} ma~izthet jckhs{c mt zcaiwc{ tbc ~i{{mjmfmt} ig tbcmz kiaamttme` gsztbcz hkt{ig wmifcekc h`hme{t tbc wmktma iz crcztme` ~zc{{szc ie tbc wmktma ti pmtbdzhp tbc kh{c%

Giz tbc{c zch{ie{ tbm{ {tsd} thoc{ h bhzd fiio ht cwmdcekc ig ~ifmkc {thtmie dcfh}{ ht whzmis{ {th`c{ ig tbc fc`hf~zikc{{% Dm{tzmkt zc~izt{ mdcetmg} tbc ~czmid ig tmac mt tiio giz he G%M%Z% ti jc gmfcd iekc h kzmac ph{ {s{~cktcd iz dm{kiwczcd j} ~ifmkc% ^ifmkc {thtmie{ mdcetmgmcd pbctbcz chkb kh{c'{ G%M%Z% ph{ gmfcd ie tbc {hac dh}& iz pbctbcz tbcgmfme` ph{ dcfh}cd j} 8!; dh}{& 4!7 dh}{& 0!83 dh}{& 87!;> dh}{& iz aizc tbhe ;> dh}{% Iekc he G%M%Z% ph{ gmfcd& tbchkks{cd eccdcd ti jc hzzc{tcd h{ {iie h{ ~i{{mjfc% Mt m{ tbc ehtszc ig wmifcekc h`hme{t Dhfmt piace tbht tbc~cz~ctzhtiz m{ gzcxscetf} oeipe ti tbc wmktma {i {bc khe mdcetmg} bma ti ~ifmkc me tbc GMZ% ̂ ifmkc {thtmie{ mdcetmgmcd tbckh{c{ pbczc tbc hzzc{t ph{ ahdc maacdmhtcf}& iz dcfh}cd& s{me` tbc {hac tmacfmec istfmecd giz tbc G%M%Z% Hedgmehff}& ~ifmkc {thtmie{ mdcetmgmcd tbc tmacthjfc giz gmfme` tbc Kbhz`c [bcct iz [saahz}% Giz Htzikmtmc{ Hkt kh{c{ h

Kbhz`c [bcct iz [saahz} ph{ mdcetmgmcd h{ dcfh}cd mg gmfcd ;> dh}{ iz aizc gzia tbc dhtc ig tbc G%M%Z% gmfme`% Hffitbcz kh{c{ pczc dcfh}cd mg gmfcd => dh}{ iz aizc gzia tbc G%M%Z% gmfme`%

Cwmdcekc ig dcfh}{ ht cwcz} {tc~ ig ̀ cedcz!wmifcekc kzmac{ m{ medccd dm{tszjme`% Tbc tithf esajcz ig kzmac{ j} Eie!Dhfmt{ ie Dhfmt piace ph{ 823% Dcfh}{ me gmfme` he G%M%Z% ikkszzcd me 34# ig kh{c{& dcfh} me hzzc{t ig tbc hkks{cdikkszzcd me 00# ig kh{c{ hed dcfh} me gmfme` tbc Kbhz`c [bcct iz [saahz} ikkszzcd me :7# ig kh{c{%

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[bcct iz [saahz} ikkszzcd me 80# ig kh{c{%

^hzt : ‛ Tbc Ls{tmkc

2



Ig metczc{t m{ tbht giz jitb Eie!Dhfmt ie Dhfmt wmifcekc hed Dhfmt ie Dhfmt wmifcekc tbc ~czkceth`c ig dcfh}{ me gmfme` tbcKbhz`c [bcct iz [saahz} ph{ {m`emgmkhetf} fipcz tbhe tbc ~czkceth`c ig dcfh}{ giz G%M%Z% hed hzzc{t% Tbm{ {s``c{t{tbht iekc tbc G%M%Z% ph{ gmfcd& me h ahlizmt} ig kh{c{ tbc ~ifmkc kia~fctcd tbcmz mewc{tm`htmie pmtbme tbc ~zi{kzmjcdtmac thjfc% Hf{i ig eitc m{ tbc esajcz ig dcfh}{ tbht crtcedcd jc}ied ;> dh}{% H{ cwmdcekcd me Thjfc{ : hed ;& mechkb {tc~ ig tbc ~zikc{{ ief} h {ahff ~czkceth`c ig GM%Z%{& hzzc{t{ hed Kbhz`c [bcct{ iz [saahzmc{ pczc dcfh}cd

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83

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M^K ;07% ̂ sem{bacet giz Zh~c& crkcz~tcd<Pbicwcz‧kiaamt{ zh~c {bhff jc ~sem{bcd pmtb ma~zm{ieacet ig cmtbcz dc{kzm~tmie giz h tcza pbmkb {bhff eit jc fc{{ tbhe{cwce }chz{ jst pbmkb ah} jc giz fmgc iz giz h tcza pbmkb ah} crtced ti tce }chz{ hed {bhff hf{i jc fmhjfc ti gmec sefc{{ tbcpiace zh~cd m{ bm{ ipe pmgc hed m{ eit sedcz tpcfwc }chz{ ig h`c& me pbmkb kh{c{& bc {bhff jc ~sem{bcd pmtb ma~zm{ieacet ig cmtbcz dc{kzm~tmie giz h tcza pbmkb ah} crtced ti tpi }chz{ iz pmtb gmec iz pmtb jitb%

M^K 4=2H% Bs{jhed iz zcfhtmwc ig bs{jhed ig h piahe {sjlcktme` bcz ti kzscft}& crkcz~tcd<Pbicwcz& jcme` tbc bs{jhed iz tbc zcfhtmwc ig tbc bs{jhed ig h piahe& {sjlckt{ {skb piahe ti kzscft} {bhff jc ~sem{bcd pmtbma~zm{ieacet giz h tcza pbmkb ah} crtced ti tbzcc }chz{ hed {bhff hf{i jc fmhjfc ti gmec% Giz tbc ~sz~i{c ig tbm{ {cktmie& kzscft}ache{ "h- he} pmffgsf kiedskt pbmkb m{ ig {skb h ehtszc h{ m{ fmocf} ti dzmwc tbc piahe ti kiaamt {smkmdc iz ti khs{c ̀ zhwc melsz}iz dhe`cz ti fmgc& fmaj iz bchftb "pbctbcz acethf iz ~b}{mkhf - ig tbc piahe? iz "j- bhzh{{acet ig tbc piahe pbczc {skbbhzh{{acet m{ pmtb h wmcp ti kiczkme` bcz iz he} ~cz{ie zcfhtcd ti bcz ti acct he} sefhpgsf dcahed giz he} ~zi~czt} iz whfshjfc{ckszmt} iz m{ ie hkkiset ig ghmfszc j} bcz iz he} ~cz{ie zcfhtcd ti bcz ti acct {skb dcahed% ̂ sem{bacet ! ma~zm{ieacet giz ;}chz{ hed gmec%

Kh{c 8< Jbhweh`hz Dm{tzmktWmktma 8 m{ h piahe gzia tbc Bmeds Kbhzahz [kbcdsfcd Kh{tc hed fmwc{ me tbc wmffh`c ig Kbiahf& Thfsoh @hzm}hdbhz% [bc ph{{crshff} hjs{cd me Gcjzshz}& :>>2% Tbc hkks{cd m{ h ;> }chz ifd diktiz hed m{ h As{fma%

Tbc wmktma {sggczcd gzia he megcktmie ie bcz jsttiko{ dsc ti h ~zcwmis{ melcktmie hed ph{ me eccd ig acdmkhf tzchtacet j} tbchkks{cd& h diktiz% Tbc diktiz {kbcdsfcd bcz giz he cwceme` h~~imetacet hed medmkhtcd tbht h{{m{thekc gzia h esz{c ph{seeckc{{hz}% Tbc wmktma ph{ jzis`bt ti tbc h~~imetacet j} bcz ghtbcz hed jzitbcz% Bcz ghtbcz httca~tcd ti hkkia~he} bcz metitbc crhamehtmie ziia jst ph{ h{ocd ti fchwc j} tbc diktiz% Tbc diktiz me{tzsktcd tbc wmktma ti zcaiwc hff bcz kfitbc{% Bc tbcese|m~~cd tbc |m~~cz ie bm{ ipe ~het{ hed httca~tcd ti {crshff} h{{hsft bcz% Tbc wmktma {bistcd hed tbc diktiz fcgt tbc ziia%

[ikmcthf ~zc{{szc hed tbc gchz ig ~sjfmk zc{~ie{c khs{cd tbc ghamf} ti phmt gmwc dh}{ jcgizc kiethktme` ~ifmkc% Tbc kbhz`c{ ig Htzikmtmc{ Hkt ; "8- "88- hed M^K {cktmie{ ;34 hed ;07 "@B- pczc gmfcd% Hkkizdme` ti tbc zc{chzkb gmcfd zc~izt tbc wmktma'{ ghamf}ph{ ~zc{{szcd j} tbc hkks{cd ti {cco h kia~ziam{c% Tbc} hzc kszzcetf} gm`btme` giz h fc`hf kia~ziam{c "pbczc tbc ~sjfmk~zi{ckstiz {thtc{ me kiszt ie bcz jcbhfg tbht {bc dic{ eit phet ti gm`bt tbc kh{c hed pisfd fmoc ti ahoc h {cttfcacet pmtb tbchkks{cd-%

Kh{c :< Jbhweh`hz Dm{tzmktWmktma :& h 8= }chz ifd {me`fc piahe gzia tbc Bmeds Kbhahz [kbcdsfcd Kh{tc& fmwc{ me Fhobehoh& Thfsoh @hdbhdh% Me H~zmf&:>>2 {bc ph{ ~b}{mkhff} htthkocd hed he httca~t ig {crshf wmifcekc ph{ ahdc h`hme{t bcz% Tbc htthkocz{ pczc tbzcc ace% Tbc~zmahz} ~cz{ie hkks{cd m{ h [hz~hekb& h wmffh`c bchd& gzia tbc ̂ htcf Gizphzd Kh{tc& hed m{ ;: }chz{ ifd%

Tbc wmktma ph{ ie h {kiit} tzhwcfme` biac hfiec hgtcz h {kbiif crha me h {ckfsdcd hzch% Tbzcc ace {ti~~cd bcz gzia dzmwme`hed dmd eit ~czamt bcz ti kietmesc% Tbc} khs`bt bcz j} tbc bhed& ~sffcd bcz ti tbc {mdc ig tbc zihd hed jc`he ti {pchz ht& bhzh{{hed ~b}{mkhff} htthko bcz hed httca~tcd ti {crshff} h{{hsft bcz% Pbmfc tbm{ ph{ bh~~ceme` h zmko{bhp ~h{{cd% Tbc wmktma{bistcd giz bcf~ hed tbc hkks{cd zhe hph}%

Tbc wmktma zctszecd biac& tifd bcz ~hzcet{ hjist tbc htthko hed tbc G%M%Z% ph{ zc`m{tczcd tbc {hac dh}% Tbc ghamf} phmtcd giz gsztbcz hktmie j} tbc ~ifmkc jst eitbme` bh~~cecd% Hgtcz tbzcc aietb{ tbc ghamf} kiethktcd Ehw{hzlhe ti {cco fc`hf {s~~izt giz tbc kh{c% Ehw{hzlhe fhp}cz{ h{{m{tcd bcz ti zc`m{tcz he G%M%Z% pmtb tbc Ehtmiehf Bsahe Zm`bt{ Kiaam{{mie ie :3 Lsf}& :>>2%Tbc Kiaam{{mie ~st ~zc{{szc ie tbc fikhf ~ifmkc pbi tbce ~zi~czf} zc`m{tczcd bcz kia~fhmet ie 8 Hs`s{t% Kbhz`c{ ig Htzikmtmc{ Hkt ; "8- "8>- hed ; "8- "88- hed M^K {cktmie{ 884& ;34& 3>4 hed 3>7 ":- pczc gmfcd% He httca~t ht h kia~ziam{c ph{ eit ~i{{mjfc{i tbc kh{c m{ kietmesme` me tbc kiszt%

Emec Kh{c [tsdmc{ gzia tbc Dm{tzmkt{ ig Jbhweh`hz& Ostkb hed Zhloit

82



Tbc sedczh`cd ̀ mzf ph{ fmwme` pmtb bcz ~hzcet{ hed dime` ah{iez} fhjiz pizo hfie`{mdc tbc hkks{cd% Ie tbc dh} me [c~tcajcz pbce tbc `mzf dmd eit zctsze biac& tbc ~hzcet{ gchzcd tbht {bc ph{ pmtb tbc ahe% Tbc} zc~iztcd bcz dm{h~~chzhekc hed tbc~ifmkc jc`he tbcmz mewc{tm`htmie% Tbc ~ifmkc gised tbc dhs`btcz pmtb tbc ahe hed zctszecd bcz ti bcz ~hzcet{% He G%M%Z% ph{ gmfcdie 87 Eiwcajcz hed tbc ahe ph{ kbhz`cd pmtb omdeh~~me` hed zh~c& M^K {cktmie{ ;7;& ;77 hed ;07% Tbc ̀ mzf ph{ maacdmhtcf}ahzzmcd igg ti heitbcz ~cz{ie hed tbc ghamf} m{ ei fie`cz metczc{tcd ti ~sz{sc tbc kbhz`c{ h`hme{t tbc hkks{cd me kiszt giz gchz

tbht httcetmie jzis`bt ti tbc kh{c pmff bhwc h ec`htmwc cggckt ie tbc ̀ mzf'{ gstszc%

Kh{c 0< Zhloit Dm{tzmktWmktma 0 m{ h 3> }chz ifd piahe gzia tbc Bmeds Wheohz kh{tc& fmwme` me tbc wmffh`c ig Ehzheoh& Thfsoh Aizjm% Me Lsec :>>= {bcph{ htthkocd hed tbzchtcecd j} tbzcc ̂ htcf ace zhe`me` me h`c gzia ;>{ ti 3>{%

Ie tbc aizeme` ig tbc kzmac tbc wmktma fcgt bcz biac ti kiffckt dz} gmzcpiid% Pbmfc hfiec& ist{mdc tbc wmffh`c& tbzcc ̂ htcf acekhac s~ie bcz hed jc`he ti bhzh{{ hed jcht bcz% Tbc} }cffcd tbc kh{tc!jh{cd tbzcht& ‖[hfh Dbcdhi ec ahzm Ehobi& Lmwth{hf`hwm Ehobi&‑ Jsze Tbca Dipe(‑ Tbc} s{cd he hrc ti khs{c melsz} ti bcz bhed{ hed jcht bcz ie bcz jid} pmtb h piidce {tmkohed {tccf ~m~c% Gmehff} tbc} tbzchtcecd ti omff bcz mg {bc zc~iztcd tbc kzmac% Mt {bisfd jc eitcd tbht zcfhtmie{ jctpcce diamehetkh{tc{ hed [kbcdsfcd kh{tc{ me tbm{ wmffh`c hzc ~hztmksfhzf} wifhtmfc%

Fikhf ~ci~fc khac ti bcz hmd hed& hgtcz bcz bs{jhed hzzmwcd& {bc ph{ thoce ti tbc ̀ iwczeacet bi{~mthf giz tzchtacet% Melszmc{ tibcz tbsaj& hza hed jhko{mdc pczc {czmis{% ̂ ifmkc hzzmwcd ti tbc bi{~mthf hed he G%M%Z% ph{ gmfcd j} 88 ha% Tbc hkks{cd pczchzzc{tcd hed maacdmhtcf} pczc zcfch{cd ie jhmf% Kbhz`c{ ig Htzikmtmc{ Hkt ; "8- "8>- hed M^K {cktmie{ ;:4& 3>4 hed 3>7 pczcgmfcd% Tbc Dm{tzmkt [s~czmetcedcet ig ^ifmkc m{ zc{~ie{mjfc giz tbc kh{c% Tbczc ph{& ses{shff} ei httca~t j} tbc hkks{cd ti~cz{shdc tbc wmktma ti hkkc~t h kia~ziam{c hed tbc kh{c kietmesc{ me tbc kiszt%

Kh{c 2< Zhloit Dm{tzmktWmktma 2 ph{ h ;2 }chz ifd Dhfmt piahe hed aitbcz ig tbzcc gzia tbc wmffh`c ig Jhedzh& Thfsoh @iedhf% Ie 82 [c~tcajcz& :>>={bc ph{ gised dchd hgtcz bhe`me` bcz{cfg dsc ti kietmesme` dm{kizd pmtb bcz bs{jhed% Bcz bs{jhed& bm{ tbzcc {mjfme`{ hed tpi

ig tbcmz {~is{c{ bhwc hff jcce kbhz`cd pmtb bhzh{{acet hed hjctacet ti {smkmdc%

Tbc wmktma hed bcz bs{jhed pczc hf{i kis{me{& ~hzt ig he crtcedcd Dhfmt ghamf}% Tbc} fmwcd ti`ctbcz pmtb tbc bs{jhed'{ tbzcc{mjfme`{ hed tbcmz ghamfmc{ dszme` tbcmz gmgtcce }chz{ ig ahzzmh`c% ̂ zijfca{ jc`he pbce tbc bs{jhed phetcd ti am`zhtc giz pizojst bm{ pmgc dmd eit phet ti fchwc% Tbc cetmzc ghamf} wczjhff} bhzh{{cd bcz& ~st ~zc{{szc ie bcz ti ̀ mwc tbca 3>&>>> zs~cc{ gziabcz ~hzcet{ hed cekiszh`cd bcz ti omff bcz{cfg%

Tpi dh}{ hgtcz bcz dchtb bcz ~hzcet{ pczc megizacd hed tbc} maacdmhtcf} gmfcd he G%M%Z% h`hme{t tbc cetmzc ghamf}% Kbhz`c{mekfsdc Htzikmtmc{ Hkt ; "8- "0- hed M^K {cktmie{ ;>7& ;:; hed 4=2!H% Tbc kh{c m{ ~cedme` me tbc [c{{mie{ kiszt pmtbist{cttfcacet h{ tbc bs{jhed hed bm{ kbmfdzce bhwc `iec meti bmdme`? bipcwcz tbc ghamf} megizacd tbc gmcfd pizocz tbht tbc}

~fheecd ti zc{ifwc tbc kh{c ie tbcmz ipe hed h{ocd bma eit ti jckiac mewifwcd me tbc ahttcz%

Kh{c =< Zhloit Dm{tzmktWmktma = m{ h ;3 }chz ifd Bmeds Dhfmt ahzzmcd piahe gzia tbc wmffh`c ig ̂ m~zhdm& Thfsoh Lh{dhe% Ie h em`bt me Gcjzshz} :>>=& ht :ha& {bc ph{ hpioce gzia {fcc~ hed zh~cd j} h 43 }chz ifd Oifm ̂ htcf ghzacz%

Tbc wmktma ph{ hfiec pmtb bcz tbzcc kbmfdzce jckhs{c bcz bs{jhed bhd fcgt tbcmz biac ti tced bm{ gmcfd{% Tbc hkks{cd cetczcdtbc biac pmtb h oemgc& kiwczcd tbc wmktma'{ aistb {i {bc pisfd eit jc hjfc ti {kzcha giz bcf~ hed {skkccdcd ti zh~c bcz pbmfcbcz kbmfdzce {fc~t echzj}% Tbc ecrt aizeme` ht = ha {bc gmfcd he G%M%Z% ht tbc ~ifmkc {thtmie hed tbc hkks{cd ph{ hzzc{tcd tbcecrt dh}% Tbc kbhz`c m{ M^K {cktmie ;07% He httca~t ti zchkb h kia~ziam{c ist ig kiszt ph{ se{skkc{{gsf hed tbc kh{c m{

~cedme` me tbc kiszt%

:>



m Bcekcgiztb zcgczzcd ti h{ Tbc Htzikmtmc{ Hktmm [kbcdsfcd Kh{tc hed [kbcdsfcd Tzmjc ~i~sfhtmie jh{cd ie @iwczeacet ig Medmh Kce{s{& :>>8

mmm btt~<))tmac{igmedmh%medmhtmac{%kia)js{mec{{)medmh!js{mec{{)Jmbhz!`zcp!j}!88>;!ecrt!ief}!ti!

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btt~<))js{mec{{%zcdmgg%kia){fmdc!{bip):>8>)h~z):;){fmdc!{bip!8!tbc!ti~!8>!kmtmc{!me!medmh!j}!

`d~%bta mw ‖Pbmfc jih{tme` hjist mt{ dcwcfi~acet hed ~zi`zc{{mwcec{{& tbc @iwczeacet ig @slhzht hf{i eccd{ ti jc xsc{tmiecd

ie tbc `zised{ ig ma~fcacethtmie ig fhp{ hed {cktmie{ giz tbc ~zitcktmie ig Dhfmt Piace'{ zm`bt{%‑ [iszkc< H [thts{

Zc~izt ie Wmifcekc H`hme{t Piace me @slhzht& [thtc Bsahe Zm`bt{ Kiaam{{mie& H~zmf :>>=w [iszkc< Dmzcktiz& [ikmhf Pcfghzc Iggmkc& fcttcz ei% Hlo)k!8):>>2):==;& dhtcd :=)>3):>>2% Htzikmt} {ce{mtmwc dm{tzmkt{

ache{ tbht tbczc hzc aizc kbhekc{ ig wmifcekc h`hme{t Dhfmt{ tbczcwm [iszkc< Dm{tzmkt [s~czmetcedcet ig ̂ ifmkc& @slhzht& {cc H~~cedmr& Thjfc 2< Htzikmt} kh{c{ h`hme{t Dhfmt{ Zc`m{tczcd me ::

Dm{tzmkt{ ig @slhzht& ;>tb Lheshz} 8=2= ti ;8{t Dckcajcz :>>7wmm [cc gsff tcrt ig kmtcd {cktmie{ me H~~cedmr< [kbcdsfcd Kh{tc{ "[K- hed [kbcdsfcd Tzmjc{ "[T- ̂ zcwcetmie ig Htzikmtmc{

Hkt& 8=2= hed Medmhe ̂ cehf Kidc "M^K-& crkcz~tcd%wmmm [cc hjjzcwmhtcd tcrt ig kmtcd {cktmie{ me H~~cedmr< [kbcdsfcd Kh{tc{ "[K- hed [kbcdsfcd Tzmjc{ "[T- ̂ zcwcetmie ig

Htzikmtmc{ Hkt& 8=2= hed Medmhe ̂ cehf Kidc "M^K-& crkcz~tcd%mr [cc gsff tcrt ig kmtcd kh{c{ me H~~cedmr< Emec Kh{c [tsdmc{ gzia tbc Dm{tzmkt{ ig Jbhweh`hz& Ostkb hed Zhloitr [cc H~~cedmr Thjfc =< Iggmkmhf Khs{c ig Hkkmdcethf)Seehtszhf Dchtb{ ig Dhfmt Piace j} Dm{tzmkt

Hfi}{ms{ Mzsdh}ha [%L%& Lh}{bzcc ^% Ahe`sjbhm hed Licf @% Fcc& Dhfmt Piace [~cho Ist< Wmifcekc H`hme{t Dhfmt

Piace me Medmh& Ehtmiehf Kha~hm`e ie Dhfmt Bsahe Zm`bt{& Ehtmiehf Gcdczhtmie ig Dhfmt Piace& Me{tmtstc ig

Dcwcfi~acet Cdskhtmie& Hktmie hed [tsdmc{& :>>7& ~% 4== ! 3>8rmm [cc H~~cedmr Thjfc 8>< @cedcz!Wmifcekc Kzmac{ ie Dhfmt Piace j} ]chz& Dckcajcz :>>4 tbzis`b Eiwcajcz :>>=

:8



!< ^sjfm{bcz <!

Wmffh`c!Ehemdcwtm& [hehed!Jhwfh zihd&Th% [hehed& Dm{t% Hbacdhjhd

@slhzht& MedmhKiethkt < >:080!;:4;:;

Gender-Violence and Access to Justice for Dalit Women 2011

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Transcript of Gender-Violence and Access to Justice for Dalit Women 2011