Gender Statistics in Water Supply and Sanitation Projects

8/3/2019 Gender Statistics in Water Supply and Sanitation Projects

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Gender Statistics in Water Supplyand Sanitation Projects

Can we standardize indicators formonitoring results?

Sunhwa Lee and Susann Roth


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Categories of indicators

Economicempowerment

Increase employmentand career

opportunities forwomen in the

WSS/urban devsector

Improved workingenvironment and

conditions for menand women

Participation indecision-making

Women empowered

as informedconsumers

Women to providefeedback on service

provision

Women included indecision makingposition in water

/urban dev sector

Improved well-being

Improved livingconditions

Decreased waterborne diseases


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What is truly treasured is

measured.

Carolyn Hannan, Director, United Nations Division for the Advancement ofWomen (DAW).


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Where does data come from?Data source What data is collected

Censuses Source of water supply*

Distance in km to water supply (HH level)

Surveys

Living standard survey

Demographic and health survey

(DHS)

Time use survey

Source of water supply, tariff paid for

water, quality of water supply, distance to

water supply, who collects water (by sex)

(HH or individual levels)

Source of water supply;

incidence of water-borne diseases (usually

disaggregated by sex/age)

Time spent to fetch water

Administrative records(e.g., education, health)

Water-borne diseases and othercommunicable diseases; consumers

provided with water supply/sanitation, HR

data

09 25 12 10WAIT TAIPEI (TPE)2H 45M09 25 12 10WAIT TAIPEI (TPE)2H 45M


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Why sex-disaggregated data?

Pregnantfemale

09:25-12:10WAIT TAIPEI (TPE)2H 45M12:10-15:35FLIGHT KE692 (KOREAN AIR) TAIPEI (TPE)- SEOUL (ICN)2H 25M09:25-12:10WAIT TAIPEI (TPE)2H 45M12:10-15:35FLIGHT KE692 (KOREAN AIR) TAIPEI (TPE)- SEOUL (ICN)2H 25M

Male

Baby


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Can we standardize gender outcome indicator

for WSS/Urban Dev sector

Outcome

indicators

Output indicators

GAP indicators

Sector dev.

level

Project level

GAP level

Census, Admin.

records

Surveys,Admin. records

Surveys


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Improving results through better indicators

Gender Equality

Economic

empowerment

Participation in

decision-making Improved well-being

Impact level

Outcome level

Output level

No. of women in

decision making

positions increased

from x to x by 2015All complaints from

women consumers

addressed

Time reduced for fetching

water from x hours to x hours

per months

Time reduced from x to x

hours per month to take care

of sick family members

Input level

GAP indicators

100% of women

employees trained for

operating the 24 hour

customer care hotline

50% of staff ofcustomer care service

are women

No of women retained

increased from x to x

No of women

participate in water

user groups

increased from 0 to x

No of womeninvolved in

monitoring service

quality increased

from 0 to x

No of women attend hygiene

awareness campaign

conducted

No of of women as hygienechampions trained

No of women having

new income generating

opportunities through

the project increasedfrom x to x by 2015


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What are SMART Indicators?

Specific relate to the results the project seeks to achieve

Measurable stated in quantifiable terms

Achievable realistic in what is to be achieved

Relevant useful for management information purposes

Time-bound stated with target dates.


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Design Summary

Performance Targets

and/or Indicators

Data Sources and/or

Reporting Mechanisms Assumptions and Risks

Impact

Improved water supply and

sanitation services in the

urban centers of Agdash,

Beylagan, Goychay and

Nakhchivan

By the end of Tranche 2

plus three years (2020):

(i) Pressurized water

supplied for 24 hours

daily

(ii) Nonrevenue water less

than 20%

(iii)Residual chlorine at tail

ends of water supply

system maintained at

0.20.4 parts per

million

(iv)Sewage pumps

operating daily and

discharging sewage to

the treatment plant(v) Effluent from the

sewage treatment

plant meets Azerbaijan

effluent discharge

standards

Sex-disaggregated baseline

survey conducted at

Investment Program

inception in tranche 1

(2012) and completion

(2016) and annually

thereafter.

Surveys conducted as a

part of PPMS and by the

executing agencies (Azersu

and SAWMC)

Assumptions

The Government provides

an enabling investment

climate

Government provides

adequate incentives to

ensure Sukanals and JSCs

provide efficient service

delivery

Risks

Insufficient viability gap

funding from the

government to the

executing agencies, toensure financially

sustainable service delivery

DMF of WSS project in Azerbaijan


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Design Summary

Performance Targets

and/or Indicators

Data Sources and/or

Reporting Mechanisms

Assumptions and Risks

Outcome

Improved access to water

supply and sanitationinfrastructure in Agdash,

Beylagan, Goychay and

Nakhchivan

By end of Tranche 2

(2017):

(i) Residents access

to sanitation

facilities increased

from 36% in 2011

to 90% by 2017

(ii)Residents access to

24-hour potable

water supply

increased from 57%

in 2011 to 90% by

2017

Executing Agency (Azersu

and SAWMC) Annual Reports

and audited statements

Project component

completion and

commissioning certificates

provided by investment

program construction

supervision consultant

Risks

Substantial variancebetween the bid prices

and engineers estimate.

Governments inability to

protect the environment

and natural resources

from unregulated

discharge of untreated

sewage into water bodies

(including 100%

female headedhouseholds)

(including 100%

female headed

households)


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Outputs

WSS Infrastructure

Development

Water supply system

efficiency improved through

rehabilitation and

replacement, and coverageexpanded

By 2017:

(i) 460 km of distribution

networks constructed

(ii) 7000cum of storage

reservoirs constructed

Semiannual progress reports prepared

by Azersu and SAWMC

Disbursement and reimbursement

records maintained by Azersu and

SAWMC

PPMS reports prepared by Azersu and

SAWMC

Azersu and SAWMC annual work plans

Assumption

Ongoing

internationally

financed projects

are efficiently

implemented.

Risk

The cost of

construction

materials

suddenly

increases.

Sewerage and sanitation

system efficiency improved

through rehabilitation and

reconstruction, and coverage

expanded

(i) 424 km of sewer lines

constructed

(ii) Sewage treatment plants

constructed to treat and

safely discharge 83 MLD of

sewage

As-built drawings developed by

contractors

Project component completion and

commissioning certificates provided by

investment program construction

supervision consultant

(iii) 100% female

Headed

households have

access to 24-hour

potable water

supply

(iii) Separate sanitation andhygiene facilities for boys

and girls in 15 public

school constructed

(2017)


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Institutional Effectiveness

Management information

system developed

Management capacity of

Sukanals and JSCs enhanced

By 2017:

(i) Human resource database maintained by

Azersu and SAWMC for human resource

management

Semiannual progress reports

prepared by Azersu and

SAWMC

Azersu and SAWMC annualwork plans

Program Management

Facility

Public awareness program

effectively implemented

through schools by targetingteachers and children

Semiannual progress reports

prepared by Azersu and

SAWMC

PPMS reports prepared byAzersu and SAWMC

Azersu and SAWMC annual

work plans

Assumptio

n

NGOs are

actively

involved in

educatingbeneficiari

es on

project

benefits.

(Sex-disaggregated)

(ii) Women in 30% of key

management staff positions in

Sukanals and JSCs(iii) Sukanals and JSCs staff trained

in financial management and

accounting (30% of them

women)

(v) Women comprise 30% of

customer care unit staff in

project towns and inform,

educate, and communicate onwater, hygiene, and sanitation

(i) Sex-disaggregated customerdatabase maintained by Azersu,SAWMC, Sukanals, and JSCs todevelop targeted marketingcampaigns for householdsheaded by women

(ii) Public awareness programtargeting teachers and childrenas hygiene and sanitationadvocates rolled out in projecttowns


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Earlier I was waiting for water and could not

go to work. Now I go to work and the water is

waiting for me.

(Beneficiary in DMC)


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Design Summary

Performance

Targets and/orIndicators

Data Sources

and/or ReportingMechanisms

Assumptions andRisks

ImpactMore people enjoy

improved supply of

drinking water in

Timor-Leste.

Urban population with

access to improved

drinking water

increased to 95%

(2010 baseline: 91%)

NDWSS records

Government living

standards population

survey

Assumption

Data from the

government living

standards population

survey is reliable.Risks

No major social unrest

disrupts the ongoing

development process.

Lack of sufficient

resources to NDWSSfor O&M of urban

water supply systems

DMF of WSS project in Timor-Leste

Urban households

with adult females

(above 15 years)

fetching water

reduced to 10% by

2015 (20102011baseline: 13%)


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Design SummaryPerformance Targets and/or

Indicators

Data Sourcesand/or Reporting

MechanismsAssumptions and Risks

OutcomeNDWSS provides

safe and reliablewater supply to

district capitals

Manatuto and

Pante Macasar.

Water supply systems of Manatuto

and Pante Macasar function 24-hours per day by 2016 (2010

baseline: 2 hours per day)

99% of water quality tests meeting

water safety plan standards by

2016 (2010 baseline: zero)

DDWSS

connection

records

MOH and NDWSS

records

Baseline survey

to be repeated in

2016

Asumption

National government'sstructure continues to

support the role of

DDWSS staff in the

districts.

After project

completion, the

government provides

sufficient financial and

human resources for

O&M of Manatuto and

Pante Macasar water

supply systems.

Households are willing

to connect to the

system.

Less than 20% of women

spend more than 2 hours

per day collecting and

treating water by 2016

(from 53% in Pante Macasar

and 61% in Manatuto)

O t t


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Outputs

1. NDWSS

rehabilitates and

expands

Manatuto and

Pante Macasar

water supply

systems.

By 2016:

2,652 new households connected to

the system

208.32 cubic meters of water per hour

pumped into the system

NDWSS and DDWSS

management records

NDWSS and DDWSS

management records

NDWSS and DDWSS

management records

Assumption

The district government

structure is stable with

limited changes or

transfer of staff to other

positions or to other

districts.

RiskDelays in the provision

of counterpart funding

2. Households in

Manatuto and

Pante Macasar

have increasedknowledge of

efficient use of

water resources

and safe hygiene

practices.

By 2016, 80% of households washing

hands at critical times (2011 baseline: 20%)

By 2016, 80% of households using 60 150liters of water per person per day (2011

baseline: 26%)

Cases of diarrhea in children under 5 in 2

weeks prior to survey in Manatuto and

Pante Macasar reduced from 12% in

Manatuto in 2011 to 7% in 2016, and from

17% in Pante Macasar in 2011 to 9% in

2016

Baseline survey to be

repeated in 2016

NDWSS and DDWSSmanagement records

NDWSS and DDWSS

management records

Baseline survey to be

repeated in 2016

Assumption

Households are willing

to engage in behavior

change promotionactivities.

30% of employed in labor intensive

works are women

More than 50% of trainers and

beneficiaries of hygiene awareness

campaign are women


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3. Sustainable O&M of

water systems

practiced by DDWSS in

district capitals.

By 2016:

all system connections are

metered and illegal connections

are reduced to 5%

70% of households pay water

bills within 30 day of receiving

them

system technical losses are less

than 40%

DDWSS records and project

monitoring reports

DDWSS billing records

DDWSS water system audits

DDWSS management records

Assumption

O&M and cost

recovery systems

are in place by

2016.

Trained personnel

are not transferred

to other locations.

4. Sustainably secured

water resources inLehumo Lake.

Lake area stays at more than

0.35 square kilometers yearround

15,000 trees are successfully

planted in Reman Gully by 2013

Google satellite photograph oflake

Google satellite photograph of

area

NDRBFC management records

Assumptions

Members ofvulnerable

households are

able to participate

in construction.

Civil works can be

completed within

1 dry season.

Rainfall patterns

do not change

substantially

during project

implementation.

At least 30% of people

employed in labor-intensive

work are women

at least 30% of trainees in

water supply and sanitation

are women


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5. Executing and

implementing agencies

provide efficient

project managementand monitoring

services.

90% of scheduled project

reports submitted on time and

to standard

Project is implemented on

budget and on time

DDWSS and NDRBFC

management records

MOI management records

DDWSS and NDRBFCmanagement records

Risks

Lack of strong

project

coordinationamong NDWSS,

DDWSS, and

beneficiaries

Lack of capacity in

government

agencies to

implement andcoordinate the

project

At least 30% of members of

each local coordinating

committee are women


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Examples of SMART gender indicators in

WSS sector

1 hour exercise on gender indicators in small groups


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THANK YOU!

Gender Statistics in Water Supply and Sanitation Projects

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