Gender Matters in Architecture: The Challenges of 21st Century Design of Toilet, Shower, and Bathing...
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Transcript of Gender Matters in Architecture: The Challenges of 21st Century Design of Toilet, Shower, and Bathing...
AIA PITTSBURGH
Provider Number: A217
Gender Matters in Architecture
Course Code: Gender_BP17
Jeff Light, AIA; Larry Payne, AIA, LEED AP BD+C - WTW Architects;
Andy Grese - Allegheny County Department of Health;
Henry Hegerle - Code Reviewer
April 5, 2017 2:15-3:15 PM
Credit(s) earned on completion of
this course will be reported to AIA
CES for AIA members. Certificates
of Completion for both AIA
members and non-AIA members
are available upon request.
This course is registered with AIA
CES for continuing professional
education. As such, it does not
include content that may be
deemed or construed to be an
approval or endorsement by the
AIA of any material of construction
or any method or manner of
handling, using, distributing, or
dealing in any material or
product.
___________________________________________
Questions related to specific materials, methods,
and services will be addressed at the conclusion
of this presentation.
This presentation is protected by US and International Copyright laws.
Reproduction, distribution, display and use of the presentation without written
permission of the speaker is prohibited.
© WTW Architects 2017
Copyright Materials
How do we create awareness, advocate for, and create comfort for all
individual needs that relate to gender inclusiveness in 21st century facility
design?
Join this roundtable discussion with architects and code officials on
strategies employed and possibilities for meeting the requirements for toilet,
shower, and bathing facilities with the goal of creating stress-free zones for
all. The case studies presented will include shower rooms, toilet and
bathing facilities for University and K-12 facilities. The difference between
gender equal, neutral, and inclusive facilities will also be explained.
Additionally, the presenters will address the role of the design professional
as they advocate for equity in design to their community and clients, and
through changes in policy.
Course Description
At the end of the this course, participants will be able to:
Recognize which codes and regulations affect toilet and shower
facilities in the State of Pennsylvania
Understand the primary strategies for providing comfort to all in
toilet, shower, and bathing facilities
Meet the requirements of the plumbing code for two-gender
fixture counts while designing for gender inclusiveness
Recognize the opportunities to affect change with regard to
gender in the building codes and other advocacy efforts
Learning Objectives
Pennsylvania UCC - Uniform Construction Code
2009 ICC with the exception of:
Chapter 11 and Appendix E which are of the 2015 IBC
2009 IPC
Allegheny County Health Department
2009 IPC with Article XV revisions:
http://www.achd.net/plumbing/pubs/pdf/plumbingcode15.pdf
Relevant Codes & Standards
Pennsylvania Requirements for Urinals
419.2 Substitutions for water closets.
In each bathroom or toilet room, urinals shall not be substituted for more
than 67% of the required water closets in assembly and educational
occupancies. Urinals shall not be substituted for more than 50% of the
required water closets in all other occupancies.
Allegheny County Requirements for Urinals
Section 419 Urinals
IPC 419.2 Delete & Replace with:
AC-419.2 Number of Urinals. The number of urinals for males shall be at
least 50% of the total number of water closets required for males. The
number of water closets may be decreased by the number of urinals which
are used, but the number of remaining water closets shall not be less than
50% of the original tabulation total.
Meeting Plumbing Code Requirements
Gender Identity – Is each person’s internal and individual experience of
gender. It is their sense of being a woman, a man, both, neither or
anywhere along the gender spectrum. A person’s gender identity may be
the same as or different from their birth-assigned sex. Gender identity is
fundamentally different from a person’s sexual orientation.
Gender Expression – Is how a person publicly presents their gender. This
can include behavior and outward appearance such as dress, hair, make-
up, body language and voice. A person’s chosen name and pronoun are
also common ways of expressing gender.
Gender-Equal/Neutral – Not referring to either sex but only to people in
general.
All-Gender/Gender-Inclusive – Accessible to and usable by as many
people as reasonably possible... without the need for special adaptation
or specialized design.
Definitions
Residence Hall Shower/ Toilet Room Plan
Shower/ Toilet Pod
Centralized Private Bathrooms
Gender Neutral vs. Inclusive
FEASIBILITY REVIEW
accommodations within existing facilities requiring minimal plan modifications
2013
March – Oregon high school retrofits toilet rooms for transgender students.
July – Department of Justice and the Arcadia Unified School District in
California reached a resolution agreement.
2014
April – Ontario Human Rights Commission released policy amendments to the
Human Rights Code of 1962 on preventing discrimination because of gender
identity and gender expression.
2016
May – Obama Administration issues guidence to allow transgender students
to use bathrooms matching their gender identity.
September – Pine Richland School District rejects mandate to permit students
to use facilities they identify with.
2017
February – Trump Administration notes it will not defend the Obama Admin.
mandate and puts responsibility to establish laws back on individual states.
March – Supreme Court reversed its earlier decision to hear the case following
the Trump administration’s repeal of Title IX guidance for transgender
students citing there were not sufficient grounds for the case to be argued.
Recent History
Influencers
How can we modify existing toilet, shower and locker room facilities
to be more inclusive and offer the same level of privacy for all?
The Question
Presently, there is no guidance, rules or regulations regarding toilet
rooms for other than male, female and family assist toilet rooms.
Therefore any decision to use these facilities for other use would be
the decision and responsibility of the building owners and should
not be considered as recommended by the Allegheny County
Health Department Plumbing Division.
The Plumbing Board and the Board of Health need to review and
approve future code revisions regarding this issue.
Codes have to be fair to individuals on both sides of the issue.
This issue will likely be considered for the 2018 Codes, then there
will be additional time before the State adopts future codes.
Allegheny County Health Department
Fixtures: Recessed more than 24” into an alcove need to
have an alcove width of 36” minimum (ANSI A117.1-2009: 305.7).
Compartment: would need to provide a clear width of 36”.
Door: an ambulatory water closet compartment may be a similar
condition.
An out swinging door is permitted on an ambulatory stall and shall provide 32”
of clear width when opened at 90 degrees (ANSI A117.1-2009: 604.10).
The section does not state a water closet is the fixture required in
this type of compartment, although IBC 2015: 1109.2.2 may infer
that direction.
Grab Bars: may be required for an ambulatory compartment
even though it may serve a urinal.
Code Consultant
Seeing a movement towards more single-use toilet rooms.
2009 IBC still has gender designations.
Accessible urinal partition enclosure use must provide
maneuvering area i.e. 60” turning radius.
Future Codes should provide more paths for compliance.
Recommend discussing further w/ICC.
Pennsylvania Dept. of Labor & Industry
Accessible wall hung urinal must be fully accessible per
ANSI A117.1-2009:
Depth – minimum of 13½” from outer face of rim to wall
Rim – maximum of 17” above the floor
Clear Floor Space – 30”w. x 48”d. clear floor space for forward approach
Flush Controls – hand-operated or automatic
Ambulatory stalls do not provide adequate maneuvering area.
If all urinals are in compartments then the accessible urinal should
be within a compartment that provides a 60” turning radius.
Staff code opinions issued by ICC technical staff do not represent the
official position of the International Code Council. The final authority
of code opinions is the responsibility of the local code official.
Staff opinion is not intended to influence the local code official.
International Code Council
Base Line Square Footage
Meets UCC Accessibility & ADA Guidelines
Toilet Room
Square Footage Unchanged
Question UCC Accessibility & ADA Guidelines
Moves Towards Gender-Neutral
Elevated Privacy
Accessory Relocation
Modified Toilet Room
Square Footage Unchanged
Question UCC Accessibility & ADA Guidelines
Gender-Neutral
Elevated Privacy
Maintenance Concerns
Modified Toilet Room
Square Footage Unchanged
Meets UCC Accessibility & ADA Guidelines
All-Gender
Full Privacy
Maintenance Concerns
Increased HVAC
Increased Plumbing
All-Gender Design
Square Footage Unchanged
Meets UCC Accessibility & ADA Guidelines
Elevated Privacy
Separate Usage Areas
All-Gender Design
Square Footage Unchanged
Meets UCC Accessibility & ADA Guidelines
Elevated Privacy
Separate Usage Areas
All-Gender Design
Base Line Square Footage
Meets UCC Accessibility & ADA Guidelines
Not Gender-Neutral
Standard Privacy
Locker/Toilet/Shower Room
Square Footage Unchanged
Question UCC Accessibility & ADA Guidelines
Moves Towards Gender-Neutral
Decreased Locker Count: 29%
Fixtures Locations Shift
Changing Remote from Locker
Elevated Privacy
Modified Locker/Toilet/Shower Room
Expanded Square Footage: 9% Larger
Meets UCC Accessibility & ADA Guidelines
Gender-Neutral
Decreased Locker Count: 29%
Fixtures Locations Unchanged
Changing Remote from Locker
Elevated Privacy
Gender-Neutral Design
Base Line Square Footage
Meets UCC Accessibility & ADA Guidelines
Gender-Neutral
Changing at Lockers
Standard Privacy
Locker Room Suite
Expanded Square Footage: 3% Larger
UCC Accessibility & ADA Guidelines
Maintains Locker Count
Gender-Neutral
Private Changing Remote
from Lockers
Enhanced Privacy
Gender-Neutral Locker Room Suite
Expanded Square Footage: 13% Larger
UCC Accessibility & ADA Guidelines
Maintains Locker Count
Gender-Neutral
All Private Changing
Remote from Lockers
3:1 Ratio
Full Privacy
for Everyone
Gender-Neutral Locker Room Suite
Design – Align w/Policy
Options – Discuss w/Owners to Educate
Owner’s Risk/Reward – Indemnification
Code Officials – Engage Early
Compliance – Review Alternative Compliance Paths
Single-use Toilet Rooms Available to All
Gender-Neutral vs All-Gender
Gender-Neutral vs Dedicated Toilet & Changing Facilities
Alternative Compliance Paths Not Defined Yet
Toilet Room Modifications: SF Neutral
Locker Room Modifications: SF Increase or Locker Decrease
Shower Room Modifications: SF Increase
Considerations & Findings
Architects – Educate Ourselves
Clients – Emphasize the Advantages of Everyone Being
Comfortable in their Environment
Code Entities – Communicate How it is Important for People
To Feel Comfortable in their Environment Over Separate
Fixture Counts
Code Officials – Entities Defer to Local Code Officials,
Review Options Early to get Buy-in
Legislators – Review How it is Time to End Separate but
Equal Considerations in Toilet Facilities in Favor of Creative
Solutions for Comfort
Opportunities to Affect Change
This concludes The American Institute of Architects
Continuing Education Systems Course
Gender Matters in Architecture:
The Challenges of 21st Century Design of
Toilet, Shower, and Bathing Facilities
Larry Payne, AIA, LEED AP BD+C – WTW Architects
Jeff Light, AIA
Andy Grese – Allegheny County Department of Health
Henry Hegerle – Code Reviewer
AIA PITTSBURGH
The Williams Institute – UCLA School of Law
The Society Pages – Department of Sociology,
University of Minnesota
www.thesocietypages.org
National Center for Lesbian Rights
www.nclrights.org
Gender Spectrum Think Tank
www.genderspectrumthinktank.org
American Civil Liberties Union
www.aclu.org/safeschools
National Education Association
www.nea.org
GLAAD
www.glaad.org
References