Gender Integration into Disaster Prevention and Management October 19, 2007 Rie Kawahara JICA Expert...
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Transcript of Gender Integration into Disaster Prevention and Management October 19, 2007 Rie Kawahara JICA Expert...
Gender Integration into Disaster Prevention and
Management
October 19, 2007
Rie KawaharaJICA Expert Team
The Project on Capacity Development in Disaster Management
Question 1: Is Disaster Prevention & Management men’s jobs and responsibilities? Why is gender perspective necessary? Question 2: Who are the affecting groups
when Disaster happening?
Question 4:Measures to meet the needs of vulnerable people to Disaster in Prevention & Management
Question 3: Optimizing missions of DDPM through Gender Integration
Question1:
Is Disaster Prevention and Management men’s jobs and responsibilities? Why is gender perspective necessary?
Gender Perspectives (=gender glasses/lens)
→Attention on gender differences in what men &women do in social (cultural)
relations such as roles and identities
This approach does not look at women and men alone, but at “the relationship” between them, how societies are structured along gender lines and the impact of these relations in the whole society
Glasses of “Gendered Relationships” reflecting into Planning, Implementation & Monitoring and Evaluation
Look at and analyze - the gendered relationships in
economic, political and social terrain
- unequal power relationships, and
access to resources & information?
Gender (perspective) mainstreaming in Project Cycle Management
Project Cycle Management(PCM)
Planning
Implementation
Monitoring and Evaluation
Is Disaster Prevention & Management men’s jobs and responsibilities?
This is not true, becausewomen are major players for disaster prevention and management in particular at community levels:
- Women as players of economic activities, household managers and child care takers
Neglecting women’s needs and constraints in social roles
→limit optimization of the effects in measures of disaster management & prevention
Question 2:Who are the affecting groups when Disaster happening?
-Women’s victims are more than those of Men Example: High Tide at Bangladesh (1991): Women’s death was 4- 5 times more than that of men
In case of Ache, Indonesia (2005)Comparison of death between female & male: “70-80%female : 20-30% Male”
In case of high tide of Bangladesh (1991)Comparison of death between female & male: female from 20s to 40s: 4-5 times of male
In case of heavy rain in Nagasaki, Japan (1983)Comparison of death between female & male in the collapsed houses: female death 150% of male death
In case of Bangladesh: Decision Making: women tend to - Not familiar with immediate
judgment - Without husbands, it is not allowed
to escape by themselves Traditional Gender Roles: - Protect children and properties first
Why women become more victimized?
Relations between women’s vulnerability and disasters: Women tend to get negative effects by disaster than those of men - Access to resources and controls - Social organizations and norms - Development measures and policies - Weakened individuals and local communities
Access to resources and information:- Less knowledge on evacuation
facilities and routes - limited access to Information (delivery) and its understanding - Nutrition status, health status Social/traditional norms (rules) - Wearing sallies (long dress), long hairs, cannot swim well
Social status and human rights: - Less security and limited social entitlement at evacuation
facilities - Land and property rights tend to
be registered under men’s names - Traditional and cultural law/ practices against civil Laws
Question 3: Optimizing missions of DDPM through Gender Integration
<Missions of DDPM> Implementing disaster prevention Directing disaster prevention activities Procurement of materials & equipment
needed Rehabilitation of damages Mainstreaming and coordination of
collaboration on disaster management
Is gender perspective, in particular to the target population as DDPM’s mandates and expected services and
“Vulnerable people” or socially disadvantaged looked at into the plans, measures and activities?
Question 4:Measures to meet the needs of vulnerable people to Disaster in Prevention & Management
Collection and anaysis of Gender disaggregated information
Based on the gender disaggregated data, make policies and plans
Gender issues to be integrated with other developmement agenda
Promote more women’s participation in formulating prevention plans and carrying out activities→indicators for M&E
After hit of disasters 1
Women’s specific needs to be priotized: Pregnant women, Breast feeding, Period Women’s diseases (gynecology) Toilet Privacy Elders’ care
Women’ human rights are not protected (=violated)
Increase of rapes, domestic violence, human trafficking to women
Prevention Cycles and Gender 1) Prevention Understanding of differences of risk to Hazard - Gender differentiation of risks - Gender differentiation of knowledge and
capabilities to prevention of hazard Organization of Prevention Structure - few women: difficult for women to
participate Warning and Evacuation System - include women more in the process of
information delivery=securing women’s access to information for evacuation
Prevention Cycles and Gender 2) Emergency rescue
Emergency rescue - Consider and prepare for women’s
particular needs Life saving - Women’s death tends to be higher
(pre-measure) Support to victims - Increase of women’s domestic
burdens and to get violence at homes
Prevention Cycles and Gender 3) Recovery and Reconstruction
Special support to victims’ re-construction of life:
- Women’s livelihood, re-employment tend to be slower than those of men
- Delay of support to women headed family
- Girls’ increase of dropout from schools
Good Luck!