GENDER EQUALITY AND

GENDER BUDGETING IN

HUNGARY

Judit ZellerUniversity of Pécs, Faculty of LawDepartment of Constitutional Law

Gender Budgeting in Practice

PRAGUE, 8th November 2007

I. GENDER EQUALITY IN THE HUNGARIAN REPUBLIC

1. The Constitution and the interpretation by the Constitutional Court

– ratified international agreements

– secondary legislation of the EC

– Art. 70/A (1) and Art. 66 of the Constitution

2. Regulation by act

– separate sectoral acts till the near past (e.g. Labour Code, Civil Code, Penal Code, Act on Public Education, Minority Act)

– Act CXXV of 2003 on Equal Treatment and the Promotion of Equal Opportunities (ETPEO) Equal Treatment Authority (ETA)

I. GENDER EQUALITY IN THE HUNGARIAN REPUBLIC

3. Equal Opportunities Program of the Republic

4. Institutional framework promoting equal opportunities

– after several changes since 1989, the Ministry of Social Affairs and Employment takes care of gender mainstreaming

I. GENDER EQUALITY IN THE

HUNGARIAN REPUBLIC

I. GENDER EQUALITY IN THE HUNGARIAN REPUBLIC

5. The situation of women on the labour market according to the development programmes of Hungary

Age Total Men Women

Employed Unemployed Employed Unemployed

15-64

3,8Mill.

63,1% 7% 51% 7,5%

Inactivity rate 38,6%

Men 32%

Women 44,8%

Pension 33%

Student 33%

Child care benefit 12%

Unemployment allowance

5%

No visible income 19%

• Child care benefit - typical for women

• „Glass ceiling”- effect

II. CHARACTERISTICS OF THE HUNGARIAN STATE BUDGET

• No detailed financial regulation in the Constitution

• No gender-sensitiveness mentioned

• Authorisation of the legislation:–Art. 66 (explicit)–Art. 70/A (implicit)

• Own initiatives of the local self-governments

III. THE LOCAL SELF-GOVERNMENTS (FINANCING AND DUTIES)

• Government revenues and own incomes

• Duties: Obligatory and voluntarily undertaken

Education (kindergarten and primary school)

Social welfare services (basic social services)

Basic health care

Anything that does not violate the law or the fulfilment of the obligatory tasks.

IV. BUDGET-ANALYSIS OF 9 HUNGARIAN SETTLEMENTS

IV. BUDGET-ANALYSIS OF 9 HUNGARIAN SETTLEMENTS

TOWN INHABITANTS MEN WOMEN

Pécs 162.498 75.329 87.169

Komló 27.081 12.900 14.181

Meződ 166 88 78

Szekszárd 36.229 16.705 19.524

Dombóvár 20.852 9.796 11.056

Zomba 2.396 1.158 1.238

Székesfehérvár 106.346 51.037 55.309

Mosonmagyaróvár 30.432 14.746 15.686

Kóny 2.620 1.248 1.372

IV. BUDGET-ANALYSIS OF 9

HUNGARIAN SETTLEMENTS TOWN INHABITANTS TOTAL BUDGET

(2005)

Pécs 162.498 147.490.784 EUR

Komló 27.081 3.274.908 EUR

Meződ 166 81.852 EUR

Szekszárd 36.229 51.937.044 EUR

Dombóvár 20.852 22.275.992 EUR

Zomba 2.396 1.826.228 EUR

Székesfehérvár 106.346 -

Mosonmagyaróvár 30.432 -

Kóny 2.620 -

1. Self-government

2. Social services

3. Education and programmes for children

4. Culture

5. Sports

6. Civil society

IV. BUDGET-ANALYSIS OF 9

HUNGARIAN SETTLEMENTS

V. PÉCS AND MEZŐD PÉCS

• Several social welfare institutions and centres (8%)

• Central role in educational matters (30%)

• Several cultural institutions (4%)

• 5 significant sport-teams (1,5%)

• 4 civil organisations concerned with gender-mainstreaming

MEZŐD

• No social welfare institutions

• Few sports and cultural institutions (youth club, football-field, „moving library”)

• Social programmes organised by the self-government

• No civil organisations concerned with gender-mainstreaming

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