Gender Budgeting & GMAP
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Transcript of Gender Budgeting & GMAP
Rehmat Wali Khan
Education Officer/Focal Person
SAARC Human Resource Development Centre, Islamabad-Pakistan
Email: [email protected]
Why Budget???
BUDGET FLOW
GENDER BUDGETS???
The budget is the most important policy tool of government because, without money, government/institutions cannot implement any other policy successfully.
A gender responsive budget ensures that the needs and interests of individuals from different social groups (sex, age, race, ethnicity, location) are addressed in expenditure and revenue policies.
GENDER BUDGETS
Gender responsive budgets are not separate budgets for women or men.
Instead, they bring gender awareness into the policies, plans, programmes and budgets of all government agencies.
Gender responsive budgets are not about 50% male: 50% female.
They are about budgeting that intentionally directs resources and raises revenue in a way that addresses disadvantage and exclusion.
What is Gender Budgeting?
A (national) budget is a reflection of the political decisions made as to how (from whom) the revenue is levied and for what purposes (for whom) the expenditure is specifically used.
The decisions are reached on the basis of a normative image of society which determines the economic and socio-political priorities.
Budgetary decisions have an impact on how society is structured and consequently directly affect the living circumstances of women, men, girls and boys as well as the gender relationship.
Access to relevant sex-disaggregated data has been identified as an important element in mainstreaming gender into development planning.
Gender-sensitive indicators are potentially of great usefulness in integrating gender considerations into development planning.
However, it should be recognized that there are limitations on the amount and type of information they can provide, and that care needs to be taken in their interpretation.
Tools for Gender Mainstreaming in Development Planning
Framework of Gender Budgeting
• Quantification of allocation of resources for women
• Gender Audit of policies of the Government• Impact assessment of various schemes in
the Union and State budgets• Analyzing schematic and policy initiatives
and link with impact on status of women related Macro Indicators
Gender Mainstreaming & Gender Budgeting
• Women as a beneficiary segment – Need for Gender mainstreaming– Fiscal and Monetary Policies, Legislations
• Need to Change Programme formulations and implementation processes– More gender friendly – Optimize Participation of Voluntary Sector
• Gender budgeting – not an end in itself
PATHWAY FOR GENDER INCLUSIVE BUDGET
Past Performance - Physical Targets - Expenditure incurred - Sources of Revenue- Balance (if any)- Shortfalls (Reasons)- Strengths - Impact related to Issues of Equity and
Equality
Steps
- Setting of working groups – could be one or more
- Representative of related Ministries or Departments, NGOs and Experts
- Setting up of sub groups if needed
Suggestive work that the group may undertake
- Stock taking of existing schemes and programmes
- Look into programmes from gender lense
Practical impact
Long term impact
GENDER ANALYSIS : PAST AND PRESENT
Past
- Whether Priorities are addressed
- Bottlenecks
- Whether financial outlay has been met
- Gaps between supply and demand
- Strength
Present - Futuristic vision – way forward - How can issues of equity and equality be
addressed optimally - How would resources be generated
- Village- District - Provincial
- State - Any other
- Listing of strategies that would be adopted in achieving targets in a realistic manner
- Making efforts to reach an equilibrum regarding demand and supply
- Suggestive ways to meet deficit if any for meeting targets
Monitoring and Evaluation
Monitoring
• Whether objectives/activities are being met
• Is the approach participatory
• Are gender issues being addressed
• Whether steps taken are successful or some modification are needed for mid course corrections
• Are budget heads appropriate or some changes are required
• Do budget heads proposed help in meeting targets conceived
• Encouraged voices and participation of women
• Are issues of allocation of funds in different sector need-based in terms of time management
• Is it leading to empowerment of (women/men)
• Has it helped in addressing conflict management
Evaluation • Decision of time (Monthly, Bi-Annually,
Annually, 3 Years, 5 Years)• Criteria of Evaluation based on Indicators • Target set for meeting practical and long term
needs sector wise • Identification of successful initiatives • Suggestion • Recommendations
TOOL FOR GENDER BUDGETING
A gender budgeting tool is a method/ technique for assessing, the impact of budget (allocation of resources) of different schemes and programmes on meeting the practical and strategic needs of
- Men/Women - belonging to different classes
and communities
- Attempts to answer whether public expenditure are allocated in an equitable manner for development of both genders
- Gender analysis of budget would look into how budget addresses needs and aspirations of both gender in a substantial way
Results Framework Document (RFD)
• Objectives • Weightage • Actions• Success Indicators • Unit • Target/ Criteria Values
ENTRY POINTS FOR GENDER BUDGETING
Participatory planning and budgeting.
Spatial mapping of social infrastructure and access to employment.
Gender Appraisal of new programmes and schemes.
Review of public expenditure and policy.
Gender-based profile of expenditure.
Outcome budget.
Impact analysis.
FIVE STEP FRAMEWORK FOR GENDER BUDGETING
1. Situational analysis of gender in a given sector.
2. Assessment of gender-based policies and programmes.
3. Assessment of advocacy of budget allocation.
4. Monitoring whether the money was spent as per objectives laid and planned.
5. Assessment of impact of policy.
SAMPLE BUDGET PROPOSAL FORMAT
Programme New On- going Carried over
Total Budget proposed
Research
Development
Training
Extension
Others (Evaluation)
Total
A. Type/ Category wise Number of Programme with proposed budget
B. I Source-wise break-up of the Total proposed budget in A.
(a)Estimated Budget from …. funds: Rs.
(a)Specific Grants from ….: Rs.
(c) Grant from other agencies like UNICEF, etc: Rs. II Budget allocated and utilized during 2012-13
(as on DATE)
Source Allocated Utilized
A
B
UNICEF, etc. (Pl. Specify) Nil
Total
C. Details of Specific Programme
Programmes for No. of Programmes Programmes Codes Budget Proposed Rs.
D. Supporting Staff
S. No. Designation Total No. of Staff Total Months
1
2
3
GM ACTION PLAN• GMAP provides a framework for establishing a
more constructive approach to mainstreaming gender and implementation of policies and programmes by governments and non-governmental organizations (NGOs) which share responsibility for working towards gender equality.
• Used to incorporate gender into programming.
GM ACTION PLAN FORMATActivities Methodology
(how to do?)Time-Frame
Responsible parties
Monitoring indicators
cost
1.
2.
3.
Group Work
Group 1 & 2•GMAP for Staff
– Inclusion of GM in the (new) ToRs of the staff
– Inclusion of gender performance in the appraisal forms of the staff
– Engaging Gender Advisor in work flow
Group 3 & 4•GMAP for a Project
– Review of TORs of community structures
– Engendering of Logical Frameworks
– 33% women in Management Committees
– Establishment of Women Leader Groups