Gender and Economics
description
Transcript of Gender and Economics
![Page 1: Gender and Economics](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062410/56816223550346895dd25178/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Gender and Economics
2014 ECONOMIC EMPOWERMENT FELLOWS
PROGRAMMaureen and Mike Mansfield Center
The University of MontanaCelia Winkler, J.D., Ph.D.Associate ProfessorDepartment of SociologyUniversity of [email protected]
![Page 2: Gender and Economics](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062410/56816223550346895dd25178/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Employment & EarningsWage GapEducation
Employment & Earnings
![Page 3: Gender and Economics](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062410/56816223550346895dd25178/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Wage Gap
![Page 4: Gender and Economics](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062410/56816223550346895dd25178/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Wage Gap
![Page 5: Gender and Economics](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062410/56816223550346895dd25178/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Wage Gap
![Page 6: Gender and Economics](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062410/56816223550346895dd25178/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Education & Earnings
![Page 7: Gender and Economics](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062410/56816223550346895dd25178/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Education & Earnings
![Page 8: Gender and Economics](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062410/56816223550346895dd25178/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Education & Earnings
![Page 9: Gender and Economics](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062410/56816223550346895dd25178/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Education & Earnings
![Page 10: Gender and Economics](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062410/56816223550346895dd25178/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
WorkingLabor Force ParticipationJob ClusteringChild Care
Labor Force Participation
![Page 11: Gender and Economics](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062410/56816223550346895dd25178/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Labor Force Participation
![Page 12: Gender and Economics](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062410/56816223550346895dd25178/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Labor Force Participation
![Page 13: Gender and Economics](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062410/56816223550346895dd25178/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Labor Force Participation
![Page 14: Gender and Economics](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062410/56816223550346895dd25178/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Labor Force Participation
Richland County
![Page 15: Gender and Economics](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062410/56816223550346895dd25178/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Labor Force Participation
![Page 16: Gender and Economics](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062410/56816223550346895dd25178/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Job Clustering
![Page 17: Gender and Economics](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062410/56816223550346895dd25178/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Child Care
![Page 18: Gender and Economics](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062410/56816223550346895dd25178/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Work Time
![Page 19: Gender and Economics](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062410/56816223550346895dd25178/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Work Time
http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2487879/Women-work-harder-men-especially-Italy-11-hours-week.html
![Page 20: Gender and Economics](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062410/56816223550346895dd25178/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
PovertyIndividualsChildrenRetirement
![Page 21: Gender and Economics](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062410/56816223550346895dd25178/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Measuring Poverty In the U.S., the poverty threshold is a historical artifact, based
on a 1964 study that found that households spent 1/3 of their income on food, on average.
The 1964 poverty line was 3 times the cost of the “thrifty” food basket.
Since then, it has been adjusted according to increases in the cost of living
Several proposals to change this measure to take into account both differential costs and benefits available in various regions of the country.
![Page 22: Gender and Economics](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062410/56816223550346895dd25178/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Poverty Thresholds
United States Poverty Thresholds 2013
![Page 23: Gender and Economics](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062410/56816223550346895dd25178/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
½ Median: $13,499
Poverty Thresholds
Poverty Line: $12,119
![Page 24: Gender and Economics](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062410/56816223550346895dd25178/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Extent of Poverty in the US, 1959 – 2009
Year % Poor Poverty Line
(Family of 4)Median Income(Family of 4)
Poverty Line as % of Median
Income
1959 22.4% $2,973 $6,973 42.64%1965 17.3 % $3,223 $8,279 38.93%1970 12.6 % $3,968 $11,176 35.50%1975 12.3% $5,500 $15,849 34.70%1980 13.0 % $8,414 $24,410 34.47%1985 14.0% $10,989 $32,703 33.60%1990 13.5% $13,359 $41,473 32.21%1995 13.8% $15,569 $49,531 31.43%2000 13.3% $17,604 $62,349 28.46%2005 12.5% $19,971 $69,605 28.69%2009 14.3% $21,756 $72,733 29.91%2011 15.0% $22,811 $75,148 30.35%
Poverty Thresholds
![Page 25: Gender and Economics](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062410/56816223550346895dd25178/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Poverty: Individuals
United States
![Page 26: Gender and Economics](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062410/56816223550346895dd25178/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Poverty: Individuals
![Page 27: Gender and Economics](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062410/56816223550346895dd25178/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Relative Poverty Rates among Women, mid-2000s
Anglophone Continental European
Nordic Eastern European Southern Eu-ropean
Latin American0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
Partnered w/ kids
Partnered no kids
No Partner w/ kids
No partner, no kids
Poverty: Women
Janet C. Gornick and Markus Jäntti. 2010. “Women, Poverty, and Social Policy Regimes: A Cross-National Analysis.” LIS Working Paper No. 534.
![Page 28: Gender and Economics](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062410/56816223550346895dd25178/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Poverty: Individuals
![Page 29: Gender and Economics](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062410/56816223550346895dd25178/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Poverty: Individuals
![Page 30: Gender and Economics](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062410/56816223550346895dd25178/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Poverty: Individuals
Source: U.S. Census Bureau 2012, Small Area Income and Poverty Estimates
![Page 31: Gender and Economics](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062410/56816223550346895dd25178/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Poverty: Individuals
![Page 32: Gender and Economics](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062410/56816223550346895dd25178/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Poverty: Individuals
![Page 33: Gender and Economics](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062410/56816223550346895dd25178/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Poverty: Children
![Page 34: Gender and Economics](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062410/56816223550346895dd25178/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Poverty: Children
![Page 35: Gender and Economics](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062410/56816223550346895dd25178/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Poverty: United States
![Page 36: Gender and Economics](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062410/56816223550346895dd25178/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Poverty: United States
https://www.census.gov/hhes/www/poverty/data/historical/hstpov7.xls