GeMUN 2013 ENVIRONMENTAL COMMISSION … agenda/ENVCOM_SG_2_2013.pdfENVIRONMENTAL COMMISSION...
-
Upload
vuongxuyen -
Category
Documents
-
view
216 -
download
1
Transcript of GeMUN 2013 ENVIRONMENTAL COMMISSION … agenda/ENVCOM_SG_2_2013.pdfENVIRONMENTAL COMMISSION...
ENVIRONMENTAL COMMISSION
DEVELOPING INTEGRATED COASTAL AND OCEAN GOVERNANCE
INDEX Definitions; page 1
Introduction; page 1
Recent UN and Affiliated Agencies'
Roots and Details of Issue; page 2
Countries involved: 8
Bibliography and Useful Research Links; page
DEFINITIONS
The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language explained ''Coast'' (coastline/seashore)
as the area where land meets the sea or
cannot be determined due to the dynamic nature of tides. An Ocean is a body of saline water that
composes a large part of a planet's hydrosphere. In the context of Earth, it refers to one or all of
major divisions of the planet's World Ocean
Atlantic, Indian, Southern (Antarctic), and Arctic Oceans.
According to ''Modern Governance: New Government
Ocean Governance is understood to mean ''the purposeful effort to steer, control or manage sectors
or facets of society.
INTRODUCTION
The General Assembly of the United Nations is seen as the proficient international body to
implement ocean (and coastal) governance. It functions by the Secretary General producing reports
on the recommendations by the Consultative Process of ocean matters and the law of the sea/ocean,
which are then annually reviewed by The General Assembly.
1
GeMUN 2013
ENVIRONMENTAL COMMISSION (ENVCOM)
TOPIC 1
DEVELOPING INTEGRATED COASTAL AND OCEAN GOVERNANCERESEARCH REPORT
By Sude Kacar
ent UN and Affiliated Agencies' Actions; page 2
2
Bibliography and Useful Research Links; page 9
The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language explained ''Coast'' (coastline/seashore)
as the area where land meets the sea or ocean. But, a precise line that can be called a coastline
cannot be determined due to the dynamic nature of tides. An Ocean is a body of saline water that
composes a large part of a planet's hydrosphere. In the context of Earth, it refers to one or all of
major divisions of the planet's World Ocean – they are, in descending order of area, the Pacific,
Atlantic, Indian, Southern (Antarctic), and Arctic Oceans.
According to ''Modern Governance: New Government-Society Interactions'', the term Coastal and
Ocean Governance is understood to mean ''the purposeful effort to steer, control or manage sectors
The General Assembly of the United Nations is seen as the proficient international body to
coastal) governance. It functions by the Secretary General producing reports
on the recommendations by the Consultative Process of ocean matters and the law of the sea/ocean,
which are then annually reviewed by The General Assembly.
(ENVCOM)
DEVELOPING INTEGRATED COASTAL AND OCEAN GOVERNANCE
The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language explained ''Coast'' (coastline/seashore)
ocean. But, a precise line that can be called a coastline
cannot be determined due to the dynamic nature of tides. An Ocean is a body of saline water that
composes a large part of a planet's hydrosphere. In the context of Earth, it refers to one or all of the
they are, in descending order of area, the Pacific,
Society Interactions'', the term Coastal and
Ocean Governance is understood to mean ''the purposeful effort to steer, control or manage sectors
The General Assembly of the United Nations is seen as the proficient international body to
coastal) governance. It functions by the Secretary General producing reports
on the recommendations by the Consultative Process of ocean matters and the law of the sea/ocean,
2
RECENT UN AND AFFILIATED AGENCIES'S ACTIONS
The International Maritime Organization (IMO) and United Nations Convention on the Law of the
Sea (UNCLOS) are two major international organizations involved in ocean and coastal
governance on a global scale.
– IMO: It is the United Nation's specialized agency responsible for safety and security of
shipping and the prevention of marine pollution by ships. It has eight different divisions like
Technical Co-operation which is designed to assist Governments which lack the technical
knowledge and resources that are needed to operate a shipping industry successful.
– UNCLOS: The Law of the Sea Convention defines the rights and responsibilities of nations in
their use of the world's oceans, establishing guidelines for businesses, the environment, and the
management of marine natural resources.
Institutions established by UNCLOS -International Seabed Authority (ISA) – An independent international institution that came into
force in 1994, with the aim of acting as a custodian of ocean commons (the Common Heritage of
Mankind). However its main purpose is to regulate deep seabed mining.
-Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf (CLCS) – Assists states in affairs to do with the
establishment of outer limits of their continental shelf.
-Regime for the Peaceful Settlement of Disputes and the International Tribunal for the Law of the
Sea (ITLOS) – This was established to handle disputes with the application and interpretations of
UNCLOS.
-The Meeting of the State Parties (SPLOS) - carried out to conform with the article 319, paragraph
2 (e) to the LOSC Convention and is concerned with administrative matters.
ROOTS AND DETAILS OF THE ISSUE
EXCLUSIVE ECONOMIC ZONE BY COUNTRY
An exclusive economic zone (EEZ) is a seazone prescribed by the UNCLOS over which a state has
special rights over the exploration and use of marine resources, including energy production from
water and wind. The following images are examples of some important EEZ :
– Argentina
– Australia
– Brazil
– Canada
– Chile
– People's Republic of China
3
– Cyprus
– Denmark
– France
– Greece
Greece has not yet claimed an exclusive economic
UNCLOS 1982 as well as customary international law.
– India
4
Greece has not yet claimed an exclusive economic zone, although it is entitled to do so, as per
UNCLOS 1982 as well as customary international law.
zone, although it is entitled to do so, as per
– Israel
In 2010, an EEZ was set within the territorial waters between Israel and Cyprus at the maritime half
way point, an essential clarification
reservoirs. The two countries agreed to cooperate in the development of any cross border resources
discovered, and to negotiate an agreement on dividing joint resources.
– Japan
– Mexico
– New Zealand
5
In 2010, an EEZ was set within the territorial waters between Israel and Cyprus at the maritime half
clarification for safeguarding Israel's rights to oil and underwater gas
reservoirs. The two countries agreed to cooperate in the development of any cross border resources
discovered, and to negotiate an agreement on dividing joint resources.
In 2010, an EEZ was set within the territorial waters between Israel and Cyprus at the maritime half
for safeguarding Israel's rights to oil and underwater gas
reservoirs. The two countries agreed to cooperate in the development of any cross border resources
– Norway
– Philippines
– Portugal
– Russia
6
– South Africa
– Republic of Korea (South Korea)
– United Kingdom
– United States of America
7
Republic of Korea (South Korea)
COUNTRIES INVOLVED
– United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea
The United Nations Convention on
Convention or the Law of the Sea treaty, is the international agreement that resulted from the third
UN Conference on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS III), which took place from 1973 through 1982.
The Law of the Sea Convention defines the rights and responsibilities of nations in their use of the
world's oceans, establishing guidelines for businesses, the environment, and the management of
marine natural resources.
The convention was opened for signat
November 16, 1994 upon deposition of the 60th instrument of ratification. The convention is
ratified by 163 states (including the Cook Islands and Niue) and the EU.
Countries that have signed, but not r
- Cambodia, Colombia, El Salvador
United Arab Emirates
- landlocked: Afghanistan, Bhutan
Niger, Rwanda
Countries that have not signed:
- Eritrea, Israel, Peru, Syria,
Venezuela - landlocked: Andorra, Azerbaijan
Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Vatican City
- states with limited recognition
8
United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea
The United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS), also called the Law of the Sea
Convention or the Law of the Sea treaty, is the international agreement that resulted from the third
UN Conference on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS III), which took place from 1973 through 1982.
Law of the Sea Convention defines the rights and responsibilities of nations in their use of the
world's oceans, establishing guidelines for businesses, the environment, and the management of
The convention was opened for signature on December 10, 1982 and entered into force on
November 16, 1994 upon deposition of the 60th instrument of ratification. The convention is
ratified by 163 states (including the Cook Islands and Niue) and the EU.
Countries that have signed, but not ratified:
El Salvador, Iran, Democratic People's Republic of Korea
Bhutan, Burundi, Central African Republic, Ethiopia
, Timor-Leste, Turkey, United States of America
Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, San Marino
Vatican City
the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS), also called the Law of the Sea
Convention or the Law of the Sea treaty, is the international agreement that resulted from the third
UN Conference on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS III), which took place from 1973 through 1982.
Law of the Sea Convention defines the rights and responsibilities of nations in their use of the
world's oceans, establishing guidelines for businesses, the environment, and the management of
ure on December 10, 1982 and entered into force on
November 16, 1994 upon deposition of the 60th instrument of ratification. The convention is
Democratic People's Republic of Korea, Libya,
Ethiopia, Liechtenstein,
United States of America, Uzbekistan,
Marino, South Sudan,
9
Bibliography and useful research links:
1. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ocean_Governance#cite_note-1
2. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UNCLOS
3. http://www.undp.org/content/undp/en/home/ourwork/environmentandenergy/focus_areas/wat
er_and_ocean_governance.html
4. http://www.iucn.org/about/work/programmes/marine/marine_our_work/marine_governance/
5. http://worldoceanobservatory.org/content/ocean-governance
6. http://www.fao.org/docrep/012/a0863e/a0863e00.pdf
7. http://www.unesco.org/new/fileadmin/MULTIMEDIA/HQ/SC/pdf/interagency_blue_paper_o
cean_rioPlus20.pdf
8. http://www.undp.org/content/undp/en/home/ourwork/environmentandenergy/focus_areas/wat
er_and_ocean_governance/ocean-coastal-governance.html
9. http://www.imo.org/Pages/home.aspx