COMPOSITIONAL& UNCONVENTIONAL RESERVOIR SIMULATOR

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GEM PRODUCT OVERVIEW

WHY CMG?CMG is devoted to providing the ultimate customer experiencewith our commitments to: R&D investment Superior software

technology Unparalleled user

support

GEM™ is an advanced general equation-of-state (EoS) compositional simulator that models the fl ow of three-phase, multi-component fl uids. GEM will model any type of recovery process where effective fl uid composition is important.

GEM can model primary, secondary, and tertiary recovery processes, and accurately model complex heterogeneous faulted structures, horizontal and multilateral wells, and geomechanical deformation. GEM is used extensively formodelling gas and liquids rich shales, Coal Bed Methane (CBM & E-CBM) and CO

2 processes.

GEM is a general compositional reservoir simulator for modelling processes such as gas condensates, volatile oils, gas cycling, WAG processes, and many other multi-component reservoir scenarios. It can also model gas injection processes such as miscible fl oods, and vaporizing or condensing gas drives

GEM accurately simulates structurally complex and varying fl uid combinations beyond conventional black oilsimulators, as well as K-value compositional simulators, including processes in which the effects of inter-phase mass transfer (i.e. changing fl uid phase composition) are important. GEM will effectively model laboratory scale projects, pilot areas, elements of symmetry, or full-scale fi eld studies.

NATURALLY OR HYDRAULICALLY FRACTURED RESERVOIRS

GEM features a range of dual porosity/dual permeability techniques for modelling naturally or hydraulicallyfractured formations, including gas phase diffusion. These techniques allow accurate modellingof the matrix fracture transfer in fractured reservoirsystems. In addition, GEM includes advancedmodelling of hydraulically fractured gas condensate wells (i.e. explicit representation of fracture dimensions in grid design, along with non-Darcy fl ow andvelocity-dependent relative permeability effects). The rigorous, iteratively coupled, fi nite-element based 3D geomechanics module simulates compactionand dilation behaviour. GEM replicates the physicsand chemistry of what’s happening in the reservoir.

Results 3D image of a CO2 EOR process showing Asphaltene

Precipitation (blocks) relative to the miscible CO2 front

(orange surfaces).

BENEFITS

Understand fl uid property composition and behaviour

Simulate complex reservoirs to identify optimal recovery processes

Model naturally and hydraulically fractured reservoirs

Increase estimated NPV through accurate phase behaviour models

Optimize fi eld, surface operating conditions and overall recovery

UNCONVENTIONAL OIL & GAS

Unconventional reservoirs are tight oil or gas, shale liquids or CBM. The well completion design for these complex reservoirs are typically long horizontal wells with multi-stage hydraulic fractures. GEM is the only compositionalsimulator to capture all the chemistry changes in an unconventional oil or gas reservoir. GEM accurately accountsfor dual permeability systems; advanced gridding capabilities to model fl ow regimes in and near fractures; import microseismic data for the characterization; and optimization of hydraulic fracture treatments.

GEM is the industry leader for CBM simulation, as it provides the accurate early-time water and methane production predictions, as well as multi-component production predictions for enhanced CBM (ECBM) recovery. GEMaccurately models the physics of asphaltene-related effects – precipitation, fl occulation, depositionand plugging – associated with geochemical reactions when CO

2 is injected into a CBM fi eld.

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C M G L . C A / G E M

GEM PRODUCT OVERVIEW

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ENHANCED OIL RECOVERY

GEM accurately simulates the three main typesof enhanced oil recovery (EOR) operations: chemical fl ooding, miscible displacement and thermal recovery. Due to the complexity of miscible gas injection, GEM optimizes the gas injection schemes and simulates the phase behaviour between oil and gas, therebyidentifying dynamic miscibility and higher recovery rates. By using the True Vertical Depth (TVD) and dynamicgridding features, GEM minimizes the effectsof numerical dispersion associated with modellingthe mixing of gases in the reservoir.

GREENHOUSE GAS

GEM is designed to model the long-term effect of CO2

injections into a geological formation and/or a saline aquifer thereby providing engineers with a clearer picture of the effects on the basin. Using a coupled fl ow-geomechanical model, GEM simulates CO

2 mineral

trapping, which is currently deemed as the safestlong-term mechanism for CO

2 storage.

Through simulation, users are able to visualizethe calcite dissolution, which is important for long-term CO

2 sequestration. In addition, GEM tracks the

changes to the reservoir mineralogy when CO2 is

injected into the aquifer.

Results 3D image of a CO2 Sequestration process showing denser

water containing solubilized CO2 (yellow) migrating to the bottom

of the reservoir by gravity. Also shown is Calcite Precipitation dueto mineralization (blocks).

WHY CMG?

Computer Modelling Group Ltd (CMG) is the leading supplier of advanced oil and gas recovery process simulation software. CMG offers products for Black Oil, Compositional and Thermal/Chemical reservoir simulation, AssistedHistory Matching and Optimization, and visualization software to best understand simulation results. Experienced support teams are stationed in offi ces around the world to provide the best software, training and client support for advanced recovery process simulation. CMG is devoted to providing the ultimate customer experience through our commitments to R&D investment, superior software technology, and unparalleled user support.

R&D INVESTMENT: With more than half our employees devoted to R&D, CMG exceeds its customer needs. CMGreinvests approximately 20% of its annual revenue back into R&D which results in signifi cant expansion of the R&D team to further innovation and drive technology forward.

SUPERIOR SOFTWARE TECHNOLOGY: CMG, the leader in enhanced oil recovery, delivers software that is easierto use and provides the most accurate results for unconventional, compositional, advanced IOR/EOR andconventional processes.

CUSTOMER EXPERIENCE: CMG provides experienced technical sales and support personnel, located around the world. CMG engineers deliver same-day turnaround for support calls, small industry relevant training and a personalized customer experience

2013 NEWFEATURES

Facilitate low salinity water fl ood modelling with ion exchange

Enhanced CBM modelling capabilities

Easily model multi-stage hydraulic fracturing in shale gas or in liquids-rich shales with the new recurrent rock compaction tables

Conduct geomechanics calculations on larger grid blocks in conjunction with fl uid-fl ow modelling on smaller grid blocks

Adjust production and injection rates based on dynamically changing reservoir properties

More accurate calculations of liquid density using temperature dependent volume shifts

Parallelization of grid processing tasks improves and decreases simulation run time for models with a large number of corner point grids