Geek Chic and The Future of Space Systems

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THE AEROSPACE CORPORATION 1 WESAS 2000 Geek Chic and The Future Geek Chic and The Future of Space Systems of Space Systems Michael M. Gorlick Michael M. Gorlick The Aerospace Corporation The Aerospace Corporation [email protected] [email protected] WESAS 2000 WESAS 2000 University of California, Irvine University of California, Irvine May 8-9, 2000 May 8-9, 2000

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Geek Chic and The Future of Space Systems. Michael M. Gorlick The Aerospace Corporation [email protected] WESAS 2000 University of California, Irvine May 8-9, 2000. Agenda. How to predict the future of software architectures The construction principles for the 21st century - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Transcript of Geek Chic and The Future of Space Systems

Page 1: Geek Chic and The Future of Space Systems

THE AEROSPACE CORPORATION

1WESAS 2000

Geek Chic and The Future of Geek Chic and The Future of Space SystemsSpace Systems

Michael M. GorlickMichael M. Gorlick

The Aerospace CorporationThe Aerospace Corporation

[email protected]@aero.org

WESAS 2000WESAS 2000

University of California, IrvineUniversity of California, Irvine

May 8-9, 2000May 8-9, 2000

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AgendaAgenda

How to predict the future of software architecturesHow to predict the future of software architectures

The construction principles for the 21st centuryThe construction principles for the 21st century

How to prepare for the futureHow to prepare for the future

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It’s the Hardware, Stupid!It’s the Hardware, Stupid!

Theoretical software engineering in its infancyTheoretical software engineering in its infancy

Software engineering is hardware (device) drivenSoftware engineering is hardware (device) driven

– Invites new architecturesInvites new architectures

– Forces new architecturesForces new architectures

Predicting the future of software architectures means Predicting the future of software architectures means “following the devices”“following the devices”

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Following the DevicesFollowing the Devices Materials inform building architecturesMaterials inform building architectures

– Stone versus steelStone versus steel Cathedrals versus skyscrapersCathedrals versus skyscrapers

Devices inform software architecturesDevices inform software architectures

– Scarcity versus plenitudeScarcity versus plenitude ProcessorsProcessors

– Isolation versus communityIsolation versus community CommunicationCommunication

– Insensate versus sensationInsensate versus sensation SensorsSensors

– Paralysis versus mobilityParalysis versus mobility ActuatorsActuators

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Know Thy MaterialsKnow Thy Materials

SiliconSilicon

CarbonCarbon

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SiliconSilicon Building materialBuilding material

– Stronger and less dense than aluminum, stainless Stronger and less dense than aluminum, stainless steel, and titaniumsteel, and titanium

– High melting pointHigh melting point

– Excellent heat conductorExcellent heat conductor Digital substrateDigital substrate Analog substrateAnalog substrate

Will Revolutionize All Devices

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SiliconSilicon

Fixed Electrode

Moving Electrode

Principle of operation:

Analog Devices ADXL50 Accelerometer

3 millimeters

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SiliconSiliconMEMS Accelerometers Monitored STS-93 Flight

Silicon Designs 1010J & 1210JMEMS Accelerometers

0

0.02

0.04

0.06

0.08

0.1

Z-Axis Acceleration (g's)

4200 4300 4400 4500 4600

Time (EDT, seconds)

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

3

Z-Axis Acceleration (g's)

1800 1900 2000 2100 2200 2300 2400

Time (EDT, seconds)

Launch

Orbit Correction

Sensor

ASIC

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Optical MEMS DevicesOptical MEMS DevicesMEMS “Pop Up” Mirror

(Sandia)MEMS “Pop Up” Lens

(UCLA)

M.C. Wu, Micromachining for Optical and Optoelectronic Systems, Proc. IEEE, 85(11), Nov 1997; http://www.ee.ucla.edu/labs/laser/research/mot/1integrated.html

http://www.mdl.sandia.gov/micromachine/images6.html

S.J. Walker and D.J. Nagel, Optics & MEMS http://code6330.nrl.navy.mil/6336/moems.htm

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MEMS Microthrusters

15-Thruster “Chip” on STS-93

The

Aer

ospa

ce C

orpo

ratio

n

MEMSMTO

DARPADARPA

http://www.design.caltech.edu/micropropulsion/index.html

TRW, CalTech, and The Aerospace Corp.

ValveValve

NozzleNozzle

Thruster ModuleThruster Module The

Aer

ospa

ce C

orpo

ratio

n

Cold Gas Thruster Module

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MEMS MicrothrustersMEMS Microthrusters

BondPads Linear

FieldIonizer

FieldEmissionWires

FieldIonizationArray

300

FieldIonizationArray

The Aerospace Corporation The Aerospace Corporation

Micro Ion EngineMicro Resistojet:

• Integrated electronics with microthrusters• Sub-micron features easily available

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A Silicon Nanosatellite A Silicon Nanosatellite ConceptConcept

SWJ 97

Th

e A

ero

spa

ce C

orp

ora

tion

Silicon serves as:Structure,Radiation shield,Thermal control,Optical material,MEMS substrate,Electronic substrate

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MASS PRODUCTION OF PICOSAT PARTS - MOSTLY FROM DELRIN AND ALUMINUM

PICOSAT ELECTRONICS STACK

INTEGRATION INTO A PICOSAT

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Mating Picosatellites with OPALMating Picosatellites with OPAL

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FemtosatellitesFemtosatellites

http://eecs.berkeley.edu/~pister/SmartDust

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CarbonCarbon BuckytubesBuckytubes

– Extremely strong Extremely strong Strength/weight = 600 X steelStrength/weight = 600 X steel Theoretical optimal materialTheoretical optimal material

– FlexibleFlexible

– Tolerant of buckling on compressionTolerant of buckling on compression

– Self-repairingSelf-repairing

– ConductiveConductive Many times more efficient than copperMany times more efficient than copper

– SemiconductorSemiconductor Certain arrangements act like semiconductorsCertain arrangements act like semiconductors

1 nanometer

1000 nanometer

Will Revolutionize All Structures

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Revolutionizing StructuresRevolutionizing Structures

600,000 lb / 3,000 lb

3,000 lb / 15 lb5,000 lb / 25 lb

200,000 lb / 1,000 lb

30 lb / 2 oz

200,000,000 lb / 3,000 lb

Space Elevator

Neolithic / Buckytube (200:1)

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Construction PrinciplesConstruction Principles

Replace physical structure with informationReplace physical structure with information

Build small and think bigBuild small and think big

Transport energy and information not massTransport energy and information not mass

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Space TelescopeSpace TelescopePrimary mirror

25 mFocal plane assembly3 m long x 30 cm wide

Figure sensorreference

Scanningelectron

beam

50 m 250 m 250 m

Sunshade

Beamed power

Total weight: 125 kgSensitivity: 1200 x better than Hubble

I. Bekey, An Extremely Large yet Ultralightweight Space Telescope and Array, May 1999

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Hyperspectral SensorHyperspectral Sensor

100 m

Focal pointfor longwavelengths

Focal pointfor shortwavelengths

Focal length is thousandsFocal length is thousandsof kmof km

5,000 nanosats spaced along line5,000 nanosats spaced along lineof sight each imaging in a differentof sight each imaging in a differentspectral bandspectral band

Tolerant of axial and radial errorsTolerant of axial and radial errorseven at optical wavelengthseven at optical wavelengths

Total weight is 30 kgTotal weight is 30 kg

Fresnel lens

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Nanosatellite ConstellatinosNanosatellite Constellatinos Dense LEO constellationsDense LEO constellations

– 500 to 1000 satellites at ~700 km altitude500 to 1000 satellites at ~700 km altitude

– At least 2 satellites always above 30At least 2 satellites always above 30ooelevation elevation for all surface locationsfor all surface locations

– One satellite always within 1000 km rangeOne satellite always within 1000 km range

Disposable missionsDisposable missions

Local clusters (“platooning”)Local clusters (“platooning”)– Co-orbiting clustersCo-orbiting clusters

Up to 10 km diameter in LEOUp to 10 km diameter in LEO Up to 1000 km diameter in GEOUp to 1000 km diameter in GEO

– Arbitrary “formation flying”Arbitrary “formation flying” Up to 10 km diameter in GEOUp to 10 km diameter in GEO

a14

a13

a12

a11

a10

a9

b9

b10

b11

b12

b13

c9

c10

c11

c12

c13

c14

d9

d10

d11

d12

d13

d14

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Computing PrinciplesComputing Principles

Tune inTune in

Turn onTurn on

Drop outDrop out

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The Great Wall of ComputingThe Great Wall of Computing

Battery

IrDA

ProcessorMemory/FPGA

Sensors

1 inch

1 inch

1 inch

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Put 1,000 sensor cubes in a regular pattern on the walls Put 1,000 sensor cubes in a regular pattern on the walls of a roomof a room

ChallengesChallenges

– Meeting environmentMeeting environment

– Gesture recognitionGesture recognition

– Communication with handheld devicesCommunication with handheld devices Phased arrayPhased array

The Great Wall of ComputingThe Great Wall of Computing

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Sensate AutomobileSensate Automobile Assume that Assume that EVERY EVERY single component part has a single component part has a

processor, memory, communication, sensorsprocessor, memory, communication, sensors ChallengesChallenges

– Organizing the processors and sensorsOrganizing the processors and sensors

– What can you discover about automobiles?What can you discover about automobiles? DiagnosisDiagnosis Preventive maintenancePreventive maintenance Fault detectionFault detection Accident avoidanceAccident avoidance

– What can you discover about drivers?What can you discover about drivers?

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Information SuperhighwayInformation Superhighway Let information “hitch a ride” on vehicular trafficLet information “hitch a ride” on vehicular traffic

– Vehicles broadcast routes and destinations to fixed nodes Vehicles broadcast routes and destinations to fixed nodes and passing vehiclesand passing vehicles

– Packets “hitchhike” on vehicles that will get them closer to Packets “hitchhike” on vehicles that will get them closer to destinationdestination

– Packets can “hop off” to other passing vehicles, roadway Packets can “hop off” to other passing vehicles, roadway wireless nodes and cellular towerswireless nodes and cellular towers

ChallengesChallenges– ProtocolsProtocols– RoutingRouting– PaymentPayment

Micro auctionsMicro auctions Micro paymentsMicro payments

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SummarySummary Architectures are based on an intimate understanding of Architectures are based on an intimate understanding of

building materialsbuilding materials– Silicon and carbon are the building materials of the futureSilicon and carbon are the building materials of the future

All devices and all structures will be revolutionized beyond imaginingAll devices and all structures will be revolutionized beyond imagining

Construction principles of the golden ageConstruction principles of the golden age– Replace structure with informationReplace structure with information– Build small and think bigBuild small and think big– Transport energy and information not massTransport energy and information not mass

Computing principles of the golden ageComputing principles of the golden age– Tune inTune in– Turn onTurn on– Drop outDrop out