Ge Golden Crown Pr-3

8/13/2019 Ge Golden Crown Pr-3

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This manual is for reference and historical purposes, all rights reserved.This creation is copyright byM. Butkus, NJ, U.S.A.

These creations may not be sold or distributed without the expressed permission of the producerI have no connection with any camera company

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You will enjoy using your new G-E GOLDEN CROWN exposure meter,for this meter can show you-in 5 seconds or less-the exact lens settingfor perfectly exposed pictures.No other exposure meter can match the GOLDEN CROWN for ver-satility, sensitivity, and ease of use. Such features as direct reading,pointer-lock action, and lifetime accuracy, together with optional acces-sories make it the finest that money can buy.Read the following instructions carefully and learn how easy it is toget exact lens settings with the GOLDEN CROWN. Regardless of thekind of camera you own, you will find that you are completely equippedto take pictures you will be proud to show.

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Low- l igh tReo ou t L in s

Incident- ight Attochment (Optionol Accessory)Pointer , Direct Reoding on Diql

Pointer-lockm em or i zes eod ingExposure- ind xWindowFromes-per -second(Movies) Window

Ronge Se t t i ngWi th DYNACELL' I 'L i gh t M u l t i p l i e r

*Re g . T r o d e mo r k o f t h eG e n e r o l E l e c t r i c Co mp o n y

utter-t ime(St i l ts)Window

Outer

Mo sk

D io l

M osk - re leo eButton

Ronge-se lec torH o n d e

For Dim Light For Br ight Light

3onge Set t ings




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EXP-IND Window Outer T ME_SEC

FR-SECWindow (forutton

Film: Press the mask-releasebutton and turn the outer dialuntil the exposure index foryour fiIm appears in the EXP-IND window. The correctexposure-index for your film isgiven in the instruction sheetenclosed with the film. Themost frequently used films arelisted also on the last page.When taking pictures in dry-light, use the daylight index;with artificial light, use thetungsten index.4

Window

Time-Stills: Turn the outerdial (do not press mask-releasebutton) until the shutter timeyou have chosen appears int h e T I M E - S E C w i n d o w .Fractions of a second are blacknumerals, full seconds are goldon a black background.Time-Movies: Set as for Stillsexcept read camera frames-per-second (gold numerals onred background) in FR-SECwindow.

R o n g eSelectorH o n d l e

LightRange: Select the range bysetting the range-selector han-dle to LO. Then aim the metertoward the scene and pressthe pointer-lock button. If thepointer goes off scale to theright, move the range-selectorhandle to HI*. For extremesensitivity, in very dim light,use the accessory DYNA-CELL. (See page 8.)* l f the some reflected-l ighteodincon be token on two ronges, hemeter is more directionol on th eh igher onge .

ro H I(oir Lishr) (Br ish t



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Poinler Lock R e q d H e re *

f-Stop: Release the pointer-Iock button when the pointercomes to rest. Read the lensf/-number indicated by thepointer*. (If you want to use anf-stop other than that indi-cated, leaue the pointer lockedand simply turn the outer dialuntil the f-stop you want isopposite the pointer. Then re-set your camera to the newshutter time appearing in theTIME SEC window. )

Exposure Values: 'Io read Ex -posure Values (red numeralson the outer dial) turn theouter dial until the index fi tappears in the TIME-SECwindow. Then read the EV-n u m b e r i n d i c a t e d b y t h epointer*.(Exposure Values were for-merly designated as LightValues, abbreviated as I-,VS.)

*Wh e n t h e p o i n t e r i s u n d e r e i t h e r o f t h e t w o w h i t e d o t s q t t h e l e f te n d o f t h e s c o l e , f o l l o w t h e c o r re s p o n d i n g re q d o u t l i n e t o t h e d i o lt o o b t o i n t h e p ro p e r e x p o s u re s e t t i n g .

Polaroid Land Cameras: Forcameras marked with theformer Polaroid shutter num-bers (1-8 or 1-9), turn the out-er dial until the letter P (di-rectly over 15 seconds) appearsin the TIME-SEC window.Read the shuttet number indi-cated on the EV-scale*.F or cameras of recent man-ufacture marked in ExposureValues follow the instructionsat left.




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The numbers 1 to 20 on the outer dial of the GOLDEN CROWNexposure meter represent Exposure Values which are for use withcameras employing this systern of setting lens apertures and shut-ter speeds.Each numeral denotes a definite camera exposure equiv-alent to various combinations of lens openings and shutter times.For example, an Exposure Value of L2 is equivalent to 1i30-sec. atf11, 1/60 at f8, 71L25atf5.6, etc. Provision is made in some camerasfor independently setting the shutter time and f-stop if desired.Each number on the EV-scale represents twice as much exposureas the next higher number.Note: Exposure Values were known previously as Light Values(LVS), but this term is being superseded because of confusion withthe use of the same term on some exposure meters to indicate light.Polaroid Land Cameras of recent manufacture are marked in theExposure Value system.Former Polaroid Land Camera shutter-numbers can also be readdirectly on the Exposure Value scale when the meter is properlypreset. (See Detailed Operating Instructions on page 5.)



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The DYNACELL is an accessory to your GOLDEN CROWN,for obtaining greater sensitivity in dim light (when the pointer onthe meter does not move far enough to obtain a reading).The exclusive design of the eveiready DYNACELL permits itto be attached to the GOLDEN CROWN at all times. It folds flatagainst the back of the meter for ease in carrying. In this position

2 )Fold insDYNACELLlo corryingposilion

OAl loch ing (or remov ing) DYNACELL


h


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it is automatically disconnected so that the meter can be used fornormal sensitivity. To increase the sensitivity, the DYNACELLis simply raised into the operating position.The GOLDEN CROWN with the DYNACELL is designed tomeasure reflected light. If it is desired to measure incident light,see the instructions included with the DYNACELL.The illustrations below show how to attach and use the DyNA-CELL. Additional details concerning its use are given on page 10.

Ronge-selecforhond le se tot DC posi i ion

a

Rois ing DYNACELT o opero t ing pos i t i on(Moke sure i l c l icks into posit ion.) HoldineGOTDENCROWN wirh DYNACELLfor reflected-lightmeosurement


h


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r : i . i *

When taking reflected-light readings with your GOLDBNCROWN exposure meter with the DYNACELL connected, se tthe range-selector handle to the DC position.The meter should be aimed toward the subject. Always takea close-up reading (3 to 4 inches from subject), except whenimpractical to do so .


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There are two schools of thought on theuse of a meter in measuring exposure.Some prefer to measure reflected lightand others, incident light. Throughextensive tests, it has been found thateach method has definite advantagesand limitations.In general, for outdoor scenes, thereflected-light method is considered tobe more dependable. For small objectsoutdoors and for indoor pictures withartificial light, the incident-light meth-od is preferred.Your GOLDEN CROWN can meas-ure either with equal ease. By simplyplacing the incident-Iight attachment(an accessory) on your meter, youchange it from a reflected-light meterto an incident-tight meter.In the following sections you will seeillustrations of the different methodsfor taking light readings.

REFLECTED IGHT )is l ight ref lected from 'sub iec t o comero .

Aim meter towords subiect .

I N C I D E N T L I G H Ti s i g h t w h i c h o l l s

o n t h e s c e n e rs u b i e c t .A i m m e t e rd i r e c t l y o w o rd s

c o m e rq ro ms u b i e c t p o s i t i o n .

)


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Methods ol Taking

Usua l MethodFor the majority of outdoor pictures,aim the meter directly at the center ofthe scene from the camera position.

G lose - up Me thodWhen precise exposure for a particularpart of the scene is desired, take a close-up reading. Hold the meter 3 to 4inches from the important subject mat-ter, taking care that the meter does notread its own shadow.When photographing people, takea close-up reading on the face.

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R E F L E G T E D . L I G H T R E A D T N G S

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rangc may be converted t ;o the l r r ight -n('ss :at;ioas inclic:ttecl n the tabkr lxrlorv:I)ctcrmine this rang(' as follows:1. ' l ' akc a r t ' i r r l ng ()n thc c la rkes to l l j cc t i rn r l ro t i rLc th r : ou t ,c r d ia l to s t ' tI i rposure V:r lur ' I o1t1>ositehe Jrr i inter.2. 'I ' lr ke i l rcircling ()n thc lrrightt:stob jec t . (O l rangr : rango i { ' nccc .ssary . ): 1 . Su l r t r r r t : t 11 ' r om thc I l xposu r r :\ / ; r luc inc l ic : r t , t .dbv thc pointer . ' I 'h is ist h t , r ; ln t r ( . n I ' -s t ( )ps )r I ix l l r )sur( . ' , '111q 's.I f ' r l t ' s i r ( ' (1 ,h t : l - s to1 l or I j x l ) ( ) su r t : \ / : t lu t - '

f -s top orEx p o s u reVo l u e R o n g eI234

Br i g h t n e s sR o t i o

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Darkes t and L igh tes t C)b iec tMethods for Gont ras tY ScenesTo record as many tone values as pos-sible in a contrasty scene having deepshadows, a compromise exposure can beused. If the shadow area is more im -portant, aim the meter at this part ofih" """ne, and decrease the exposure in -dicated by the meter by using the thirdhigher fi-number or EV-number fo rblack-and-white, or by using the secondhigher f/-number or EV-number fo rcolor. By decreasing the exposure' theshadows wil l be underexposed, but no tenough to be blocked uP, and manytones in the highlight area wil l be re -corded rather than lost due to over-exposure. Conversely, i f the hightightarea is more important, aim the meterat that part of the scene, ancl then in '(:rease the exposure indicated by themeter by using the third lower f l-number or EV-number f


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G o p y i n gIn mak ing cop ie 's t l f doc t tment ' s or pho-logrz rp l ' rs in co lo r o r in b lack and whi te ,take a c : lose-u1 t rez td ing t ln a wh i te c :a rdl - r e l t l i t g a i n s t t l t t ' ( : ( ) [ ) v . I ) i v i d e t h e f i l m

exposure- index bvwith t,he card heldt ,he copy to checknrina t i t ln .

5 . Take readingsat various points onuni formitv of i l lu-

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Usua l Me thodlJse the incident-liglrt att:r


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.4.Key- l igh t MethodIn some cases it is desirable to measureincident light by pointing the meterwith the incident-light attachment inplace toward the "key" or main lightsource instead of toward the camera.

Hold the meter as close to the sub-ject as possible, or in a pl-ace whereillumin.iiott is the same- Aim towardthe key light source and increase theindicated exposure by using the nextlower f/-nurnber or the next lower EV-number.

19


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H O \ M T ( ) A L L O W F O R F I L T E R S

I

There are two ways to allow for filter factors in using yourGOLDEN CROWN exposure meter.1. When the same fiIter is to be used for a series of pictures,as frequently is the case n black-and-white photography, dividethe exposure index for the film by the filter factor and set theresult in the Exposure-Index window. The filter factor will thenautomatically be taken into account in your exposure measure-ments until the exposure-index setting is changed.2. For occasional use, a filter factor generally is more con-veniently applied to the final exposure-meter reading. Increasethe exposure as indicated in the Table at right-

W't'

1 . 523I56Il 0

Increosein f-stops orExposureVolues

2AI1y322 %2+633V3

2L


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=,"ffidex,ffi(n Time (shutter speed) -'The length of time the film is exposed o light is controlled by theIength of time the camera shutter stays open. This is called shutter"p""d and is usually expressed in seconds and fractions of a second;for example 1/30 second, 1-lI25 second, etc.It should be remembered, especially when using speeds in theaverage range, that more pictures are spoiled by camera move-ment than in any other way, and it is recommended that speeds at1/60 second or higher be used for hand-held exposure-Exposure Set t ing

The pointer-lock of your GOLDEN CROWN remembers the lightreading. The pointer indicates the correct lens f-stop for the Timeand FiIm Exposure index you have preset. You can dial any othercombination without having to take a new light reading. You maywant a higher shutter time to "fteeze" action, or a smaller lensopening to increase depth of field.- The depth of field is the distance between the nearest andfarthest points in which all objects will appear acceptably sharpin the pliotograph. The smaller the lens opening, the greater willbe the depth of field. ffiftHfifi*

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24

Exposure HlnlsFor most scenes in color and black-and-white photography, yourGOLDEN CROWN exposure meter wilt give the preferred expo-sure when aimed directly at the scene from the camera position.For certain unusual conditions, however, results can be im-proved by either increasing or decreasing the exposure from thatindicated by the meter, depending upon the nature of the scene.Exposure for color film transparencies differs from that forordinary negatives in that increased exposure makes the imagelighter on the projection screen. This is often desirable to brightenthe mood of a picture or to portray more naturally a light subject.Color can be controlled slightly by exposure. Less exposureincreases color saturation, while more exposure reduces saturationand the colors tend toward pastel shades.Exceptionally bright scenesusually reflect proportionately morelight and influence the exposure meter to indicate slightly lessexposure than is actually desired.The following are hints to assist you in obtaining preferred ex-posures for several scenes and lighting conditions.


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film, lamp, and shutter time, find theguide number on the photoflash lampcarton. Aim the meter at the scene anddetermine the f-stop. Then divide thephotoflash guide number by this'f/-number to get lamp distance fromsubject.If the distance found is too great forconvenience, cover the flash reflectorwith a handkerchief and advance thelamp 14 of the way to the subject.TelevisionU_ e a tripod for the camera and adjustthe TV image for best brightness Lndcontrast. Focus on the lines across thescreen, rather than the image itself.Set the shutter for 1/30 second. Dimthe room lights. Hold the meter abourrf screen diameter from the set andobtain an average exposure reading.Aerial PicturesAim the meter toward the ground and

for color photography rncrease the indi-cated exposure by using the next lowerf/-number or the next lower EV-num-ber. Pictures taken on color film fromhigh altitudes are improved by use of awarm-colored filter to reduce the bluehaze.Other Special UsesProjection-Screen BrightnessTo obtain the best possible projectedimage, your screen should reflelt 5 to t+footlamberts (with no slide in the pro-jector). Measure screen brightness byholding the meter light-cell against thLcenter of the illuminated screen andthen drawing the meter (set for LOrange) away from the screen until themaximum reading is obtained. Convertthe scale reading to footlamberts. SeeScale Equivalents on page 28. Movethe projector towards or away from thescreen as required to adjust the bright-ness.

26



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I

)

Scale EquivalentsWhen using the incident-light attachment, the GOLDEN CROWNexposure meter measures the quantity of illumination falling on anobject or scene. This can be expressed n footcandles by use of thetables given on the following page.Anytbject or scene absorbi some of the light which falls on it,and reflects the remainder. The percent that is reflected is calledthe reflectance of the object. Reflected light may be expressed asthe brightness in footlamberts, which is equal to the illuminationin footcandles multiplied by the reflectance. The GOLDENCROWN is calibrated for average scene reflectance of 18 percent.For special purposes it may be desired to measure incidentillumination (in footcandles) and brightness (in candles per sq ftor footlamberts). To do this, rotate the outer dial until the Ex-posure Value numeral 1 appears exactly opposite the lower read-out line in the window, as shown in the illustration . In this posi:tion, the scale numerals correspond to the photometric equivalentsin the following tables.

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With Incidenl-l ightAl lochment

I23456789

wirhDYNACELT Iow' R o n g e HishRonger 002004008001,600

3,20O6,1OO

12,80025,600

Sc o l eNumeroltI23456789

\MirhDYNACELT0.030.06o . 1 20.250.50I . 02.O1.08.0

LowRonge

o.40.81 . 63.26. 1

12.826.052.0

r 04.0

HishRonge6.1

1 2 . 826.O52.O

I04 .0208.0116.0832.0

1,661.0

0.08o. r6o.32o.611 . 32.65.2

10.420.8

61 22550r00'

200400800

1,600

28

*ff rhe volue for refected l ight is required in footlqmberts, mult iply condles/sq. t l . by T (:3.14.)tSee poge 27 .

T:=""="::JflScoleNumero l t

SCALE EOUIVALENTS(in footaandles)



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Gallbratlon DataThe exposure required to photograph an average subject is givenby the formulas-

T :Exposure time in secondsA :Relative aperture, or f/-number of lensS :Film exposur ndexB :Scene brightness, reflected light, in candles per square footI : Incident light in footcandlesK:1.0; ASA calibration constant, reflected light 'C :15; ASA calibration constant, incident light

AcceptanceSpecific acceptance angles of the meter are:

,1,:,"l*i"t*+-,i?i .#;"*rm'"+ 30o+ L 7 "r$4ii-1,:r6,f.i

29

HO\^ ' TO GARE FOR YOUR GOLDEN GROWN EXPOSURE METERwww.orphancameras.com


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Your GOLDEN CRowN exposure meter is a precision instrument. rtshould receive the same careful handling aird treatment that are given toan expensive camera or any fine precision instrument.Your meter has been assembled with watchmaker's skill and shouldnot, under any cit'cumstances, be tampered with or taken apart. Itshould not be subjected to prolonged heat or moisture.Although your GOLDEN cRowN meter witl withstand norrnalshock and handling, be particularly careful not to drop or bang it. A neckcord is provided with each meter. Your meter may be convenientlycarried in the G-E leather case.

Zero-setAdlustment

If your meter receives normal use and care, nospecial adjustments will be required. Periodically,however, the zero position may be checked as fol-lows: Mask the light-cell window thoroughly.(Never use gummed paper or tape on the window.)Press the pointer-lock button. The pointer shouldbe as shown at right.Correct any deviation by turning the zero-setadjustment (large screw in back-center of meter).i " .

Service If your GOLDEN CROWN exposure meter requires servicing, place itin a well-padded box and return it to the nearest:'Authorized G-p Expo-sure Meter Repair Center."

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ARIZONAMeterc ra f t , nc.3304 North 24th StreetPhoen ix , r i zonaCATIFORNIAQua l i t yE lec t r i cCompany3700 South BroadwayLosAnge les , Ca l i fo rn iaGenera l lec t r i cCompany1098Harr i son t ree tSanFranc isco , Ca l i fo rn iaCOLORADORockyMt . CameraRepa i rServ ice100 East20th AvenueDenver5, ColoradoFor Canadian users,send to:

For foreign users

HAWAIIHawai i ns t rument erv i ce1235Kap io lan i ou levardHono lu lu , awa i iIrUN0lslnternationalCanieraCorporation844 WestAdamsStreetC h i c a g o ,l l i n o i sMASSACHUSETTSGenera l lec t r i cCompany40 FederalStreetWest LYnn3, MassachusettsMISS0URI St. LouisArea)Newton . DraperCameraRepa i r2319 BrentwoodBoulevardBrentwood17, Missouri

Canadian General Electric Company, Ltd., In-dustrial Center No. 5, Quebec City, P.Q., CanadaContact your nearest International GeneialElectric Company office for service instructions

Your General Electric GOLDEN CROWN exposure meter is war-ranted to be free from defects in material or workmanship for the life-time of the device. If your meter requires servicing because of any de-fects in materials or workmanship, it will be serviced without charge.This warranty does not extend to servicing or repairs resUlting from mis-handling, or normal wear.The obtigation of the General Electric Cornpany shall be limited torepairing or replacing the exposure meter and in no event shall it beliable for consequential damage.

NEW IERSEYMackCamera a les1025Commerce venueUnion ,NewJerseyNEW YORKMackGameraServiceof NewYork20 West 31st StreetNewYork, New YorkTEXASGenera l l ec t r i cCompany3202 Manor WayDal las . exasWASHNGTONInstrument Laboratories934 E l l i o tAvenue,WestSeat t l e ,Wash ing tonwAsHfNGToN, . G .StraussPhotoTechnicalService930 "F" Street, North WestWash ing ton , i s t r i c to f Co lumbia

Repair.Genters

Warranty

31

Exposure-index numbers for some of the most frequentlyused photographic films are given here. EXPOSURENDEX*www.orphancameras.com


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COLOR Flttt l

(

\

+For meters morked for AmericonStondord exposure indexes.$With Kodok Photof lood F i l ter No.808.#With Kodok Wrotten No. 85CFi l ter .

t l W i th Ko d o k W r o t t e n N o . 8 5Fi l ter .**Wi th Kodok Wrotten No. 85 8Filter.flWith Photoflood lomps ond KodokWrotten No, 82A Fi l ter .lT2 With Kodok Wrol ten No. 82A'. F i l ter ond Yz second or lessexposure.

f fFor Tungsten 3200 lomps ondKodok Wrotten No, 82C Fi l ter .

lf your f i lm is not l is ted here,see lhe insl rucl ion sheet pockedw i th th e f i l m .A t t h e t i me o f p r i n t i n g , t h e s eExposure Index numbers werecorrect, l f your present informq-t ion di f fers from the numbersl i s l e d , f o l l o w th e f i l m mo n u fo c -tu r e r ' s r e c o mme n d o f i o n s .

I N S T R U M E N T D E P A R T M E N T ,GEJ-356,tC

Anscochrome, Doyl ight Type.. . 32Anscochrome,Tungsten Type, 3200KAnscochrome I 6mm, Tungsten Type, 3400K" 25ttSuper Anscochrome, Doyl ight Type. . I 00Super Anscochrome, Tungsten Type,3200K. 80x*Moviechrome 8, 8mm Doyl ight 20Ektochrome, Doyl ight Type (except sheet) . . 32Ektochrome, Doyl ight Type (sheet) . 12Ektochrome, Type F.. 16 #Ektochrome, Type B.. 6* xEktochrome, Professionol , Doyl ight Type.. 50H i g h Sp e e d Ek to c h r o me , . o y l i q h t T y p e . . 1 6 0High Speed Ektochrome, Type B. 80*xE k t o c o l o r , T y p e l ( s h e e t ) , . . . . . . . 2 0 * *Ek to c o l o r ,T y p e S ( s h e e t ) , o y l i E j h tond f l o s h . . . . . . . 2 5 #Kodocolor, doyl ight qnd flosh. 32Kodochrome, Doyl ight Typ.. . .Ko d o c h r o me , T y p e A .Ko d o c h r o me , T y p e F . 1 0#

BTAGKAnsco

llford

Ko d o k

Doyl ight

2001 2 5500400400200642 5200803 21 2 580

Tungstenrrr25324 0 $1008$l 2 $4 $l61Ti :

l i il 620 l f l2 O n 25 $l 6l 2 J o r 0 1 l

l 6 01 0 0400- 3203201 6 050l 61 6 0642 51 0 06 4. l 5 020001 6 03002000

AND WHITE FILTI-Superpon Press. .-Al l -weother Pon. . .- Su p e r H y p o n .- T r i p l e S Po n . ,_ H P S ._ H P 3 ._ F P3 .- Po n F .-Tr i -X.- P l u s - X .-Ponotomic-X-Super Ponchro-PressType B..- Ve r i c h r o me Po n . . . .Poloroidlond Films-Types32 ond 42. . . .- T y p e 3 7 . . . .- T y p e 4 3 . . . .- T y p e 4 4 . . . . . . . ' : . . .- T y p e 4 7 . . . .ffi {tFG E N E R A T E T E C T R I CC O M P A N Y , W E S T L Y N N , M A S S .

20032002004003200

Printed in U.S.A.

Ge Golden Crown Pr-3

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