Culture of Culture of GBGB

MapMap

Who’s BritishWho’s British

Great BritainGreat Britain ScotlandScotland EnglandEngland WalesWales

United KingdomUnited Kingdom ScotlandScotland EnglandEngland WalesWales Northern IrelandNorthern Ireland Isle of ManIsle of Man Channel islandsChannel islands

British IslesBritish Isles ScotlandScotland EnglandEngland WalesWales Northern IrelandNorthern Ireland Isle of ManIsle of Man Channel islandsChannel islands Republic of IrelandRepublic of Ireland

Who’s BritishWho’s British

PopulationPopulation United Kingdom – 60,000,000 (approx)United Kingdom – 60,000,000 (approx)

Scottish – 9.6% - 5,760,000Scottish – 9.6% - 5,760,000 English – 81.5% - 48,900,000English – 81.5% - 48,900,000 Welsh – 1.9% - 1,140,000Welsh – 1.9% - 1,140,000 Northern Irish – 1.81% - 1,086,000Northern Irish – 1.81% - 1,086,000 Irish – 2.4% - 1,440,000Irish – 2.4% - 1,440,000 West Indian, Indian, Pakistani, others – West Indian, Indian, Pakistani, others –

2.8% - 1,680,0002.8% - 1,680,000

United Kingdom

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Scotland England Wales

Northern Ireland Isle of Man Channel Islands

The culture of the United Kingdom refers to the patterns of human The culture of the United Kingdom refers to the patterns of human activity and symbolism associated with the United Kingdom and the activity and symbolism associated with the United Kingdom and the British people. It is informed by the UK's history as a developed island British people. It is informed by the UK's history as a developed island country, major power, and, its composition of four countries—country, major power, and, its composition of four countries—England, Northern Ireland, Scotland and Wales—each of which have England, Northern Ireland, Scotland and Wales—each of which have preserved and distinct customs, cultures and symbolism.As a direct preserved and distinct customs, cultures and symbolism.As a direct result of the British Empire, British cultural influence (such as the result of the British Empire, British cultural influence (such as the English language) can be observed in the language and culture of a English language) can be observed in the language and culture of a geographically wide assortment of countries such as Canada, geographically wide assortment of countries such as Canada, Australia, New Zealand, the United States, and the British overseas Australia, New Zealand, the United States, and the British overseas territories. These states are sometimes collectively known as the territories. These states are sometimes collectively known as the Anglosphere. As well as the British influence on its empire, the Anglosphere. As well as the British influence on its empire, the empire also influenced British culture, particularly British cuisine. empire also influenced British culture, particularly British cuisine. Innovations and movements within the wider-culture of Europe have Innovations and movements within the wider-culture of Europe have also changed the United Kingdom; Humanism, Protestantism, and also changed the United Kingdom; Humanism, Protestantism, and representative democracy are borrowed from broader Western representative democracy are borrowed from broader Western culture.The Industrial Revolution, with its origins in the UK, brought culture.The Industrial Revolution, with its origins in the UK, brought about major changes in agriculture, manufacturing, and about major changes in agriculture, manufacturing, and transportation, and had a profound effect on the socio-economic and transportation, and had a profound effect on the socio-economic and cultural conditions of the world. The social structure of Britain during cultural conditions of the world. The social structure of Britain during this period has also played a central cultural role. More recently, this period has also played a central cultural role. More recently, popular culture of the United Kingdom in the form of the British popular culture of the United Kingdom in the form of the British invasion, Britpop and British television broadcasting, and British invasion, Britpop and British television broadcasting, and British cinema is respected across the distinctiveness.cinema is respected across the distinctiveness.

British CultureBritish Culture Holidays / CelebrationsHolidays / Celebrations

New Years’ DayNew Years’ Day Good FridayGood Friday Easter MondayEaster Monday May DayMay Day HalloweenHalloween Guy Fawkes DayGuy Fawkes Day Armistice dayArmistice day Christmas DayChristmas Day Boxing DayBoxing Day

SportsSports Football “Soccer”Football “Soccer” CricketCricket RugbyRugby Horse RacingHorse Racing Motor RacingMotor Racing Curling (for Rory)Curling (for Rory)

The DietThe Diet Fish & ChipsFish & Chips HaggisHaggis Jellied eelsJellied eels Bubble & SqueakBubble & Squeak Toad in the HoleToad in the Hole Shepherds PieShepherds Pie Spotted DickSpotted Dick

TelevisionTelevision BBC1 and BBC2BBC1 and BBC2

State ownedState owned No Advertising or No Advertising or

CommercialsCommercials Funded by License feeFunded by License fee

ITV, Channel 4, Channel 5ITV, Channel 4, Channel 5 Independently ownedIndependently owned Funded through Funded through

Advertising & Advertising & CommercialsCommercials

Cable / SatelliteCable / Satellite Same as USSame as US

languagelanguage

Though the UK has no official Though the UK has no official languagelanguage, English is the main language , English is the main language and is spoken monolingually by an estimated 95% of the UK and is spoken monolingually by an estimated 95% of the UK population.However, individual countries within the UK have frameworks population.However, individual countries within the UK have frameworks for the promotion of their indigenous languages. In Wales, all pupils at for the promotion of their indigenous languages. In Wales, all pupils at state schools must study Welsh until aged 16, and the Welsh Language state schools must study Welsh until aged 16, and the Welsh Language Act 1993 and the Government of Wales Act 1998 provide that the Welsh Act 1993 and the Government of Wales Act 1998 provide that the Welsh and English languages should be treated equally in the public sector, so and English languages should be treated equally in the public sector, so far as is reasonable and practicable. Irish and Ulster Scots enjoy limited far as is reasonable and practicable. Irish and Ulster Scots enjoy limited use alongside English in Northern Ireland, mainly in publicly use alongside English in Northern Ireland, mainly in publicly commissioned translations. The Gaelic Language (Scotland) Act, passed commissioned translations. The Gaelic Language (Scotland) Act, passed by the Scottish Parliament in 2005, recognised Gaelic as an official by the Scottish Parliament in 2005, recognised Gaelic as an official language of Scotland, commanding equal respect with English, and language of Scotland, commanding equal respect with English, and required the creation of a national plan for Gaelic to provide strategic required the creation of a national plan for Gaelic to provide strategic direction for the development of the Gaelic language.Under the European direction for the development of the Gaelic language.Under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages, which is not legally Charter for Regional or Minority Languages, which is not legally enforceable, the UK Government has committed to the promotion of enforceable, the UK Government has committed to the promotion of certain linguistic traditions. The United Kingdom has ratified the charter certain linguistic traditions. The United Kingdom has ratified the charter for: Welsh (in Wales), Scottish Gaelic and Scots (in Scotland), Cornish (in for: Welsh (in Wales), Scottish Gaelic and Scots (in Scotland), Cornish (in Cornwall), and Irish and Ulster Scots (in Northern Ireland). British Sign Cornwall), and Irish and Ulster Scots (in Northern Ireland). British Sign Language is also a recognised language.Language is also a recognised language.

Divided by a Common LanguageDivided by a Common Language

Scottish DialectScottish Dialect Glaikit - DenseGlaikit - Dense Scunner - Off puttingScunner - Off putting Fankle - Mixed up Fankle - Mixed up Fizzog - FaceFizzog - Face Limmer - NuisanceLimmer - Nuisance Peelywally - Run down / under the weatherPeelywally - Run down / under the weather Clipe - TattletaleClipe - Tattletale Bairn - ChildBairn - Child

Cockney Rhyming SlangCockney Rhyming Slang Apples & Pears = StairsApples & Pears = Stairs

““Get up those apples to bed”Get up those apples to bed” Butchers Hook = LookButchers Hook = Look

““Have a butchers at that”Have a butchers at that” Brass Band = HandBrass Band = Hand

““I shook him by the brass”I shook him by the brass” Bread and Honey = Money Bread and Honey = Money

““I wish I had some bread”I wish I had some bread” Soapy Bubble = Trouble Soapy Bubble = Trouble

““You’ll be in soapy”You’ll be in soapy” Plates of Meat = FeetPlates of Meat = Feet

““I tripped over your plates”I tripped over your plates” Pork Pies = Lies Pork Pies = Lies

““Are you telling porkies ?”Are you telling porkies ?” Dog & Bone = Phone Dog & Bone = Phone

““He’s always on the dog”He’s always on the dog” Whistle & Flute = SuitWhistle & Flute = Suit

““I’m going to pick up my whistle from the dry cleaners”I’m going to pick up my whistle from the dry cleaners”

Divided by a Common LanguageDivided by a Common Language

cuisinecuisine

British cuisine is the specific set of cooking traditions and practices associated with the United Kingdom. Historically, British cuisine means "unfussy dishes made with quality local ingredients, matched with simple sauces to accentuate flavour, rather than disguise it."However, British cuisine has absorbed the cultural influence of those that settled in Britain, producing hybrid dishes, such as the Anglo-Indian Chicken tikka masala, hailed as "Britain's true national dish".Vilified as "unimaginative and heavy", British cuisine has traditionally been limited in its international recognition to the full breakfast and the Christmas dinner. However, Celtic agriculture and animal breeding produced a wide variety of foodstuffs for indigenous Celts and Britons. Anglo-Saxon England developed meat and savoury herb stewing techniques before the practice became common in Europe. The Norman conquest introduced exotic spices into Great Britain in the Middle Ages. The British Empire facilitated a knowledge of India's elaborate food tradition of "strong, penetrating spices and herbs".Food rationing policies, put in place by the British government during wartime periods of the 20th century, are said to have been the stimulus for British cuisine's poor international reputation.Well known British dishes include fish and chips, the Sunday roast, and mash.Within the United Kingdom, the different nations have their own specialities: English cuisine has Cheshire cheese and the Yorkshire pudding; Scottish cuisine includes Arbroath Smokie and Haggis; Irish cuisine features the Ulster fry and Irish Stew and Welsh cuisine is noted for Welsh rarebit.

Sunday roast consisting of roast beef, roast potatoes, vegetables and Yorkshire pudding

Fish and chips, a popular take-away food of the United Kingdom.

literatureliterature

LiteratureLiterature The earliest existing native literature of the territory of the modern United Kingdom was written The earliest existing native literature of the territory of the modern United Kingdom was written

in the Celtic languages of the isles. The Welsh literary tradition stretches from the 6th in the Celtic languages of the isles. The Welsh literary tradition stretches from the 6th century. Irish poetry also represents a more or less unbroken tradition from the 6th century century. Irish poetry also represents a more or less unbroken tradition from the 6th century to the present day, with the Ulster Cycle being of particular relevance to Northern Ireland. to the present day, with the Ulster Cycle being of particular relevance to Northern Ireland. Anglo-Saxon literature includes Beowulf, a national epic, but literature in Latin Anglo-Saxon literature includes Beowulf, a national epic, but literature in Latin predominated among educated elites. After the Norman Conquest, Anglo-Norman literature predominated among educated elites. After the Norman Conquest, Anglo-Norman literature brought continental influences to the isles. English literature emerged as a recognisable brought continental influences to the isles. English literature emerged as a recognisable entity in the late 14th century and, by the time of the foundation of the United Kingdom, entity in the late 14th century and, by the time of the foundation of the United Kingdom, was the dominant literature.The early 18th century is known as the Augustan Age of English was the dominant literature.The early 18th century is known as the Augustan Age of English literature. The poetry of the time was highly formal, as exemplified by the works of literature. The poetry of the time was highly formal, as exemplified by the works of Alexander Pope.The English novel became a popular form in the 18th century, with Daniel Alexander Pope.The English novel became a popular form in the 18th century, with Daniel Defoe's Robinson Crusoe (1719), Samuel Richardson's Pamela (1740).From the late 18th Defoe's Robinson Crusoe (1719), Samuel Richardson's Pamela (1740).From the late 18th century, the Romantic period showed a flowering of poetry comparable with the century, the Romantic period showed a flowering of poetry comparable with the Renaissance two hundred years earlier and a revival of interest in vernacular literature. In Renaissance two hundred years earlier and a revival of interest in vernacular literature. In Scotland the poetry of Robert Burns revived interest in Scots literature, and the Weaver Scotland the poetry of Robert Burns revived interest in Scots literature, and the Weaver Poets of Ulster were influenced by literature from Scotland. In the 19th century major poets Poets of Ulster were influenced by literature from Scotland. In the 19th century major poets in English literature included William Blake, William Wordsworth, John Keats, Alfred Lord in English literature included William Blake, William Wordsworth, John Keats, Alfred Lord Tennyson, Elizabeth Barrett Browning, Percy Shelley and Lord Byron. The Victorian period Tennyson, Elizabeth Barrett Browning, Percy Shelley and Lord Byron. The Victorian period was the golden age of the realistic English novel, represented by Jane Austen, the Brontë was the golden age of the realistic English novel, represented by Jane Austen, the Brontë sisters, Charles Dickens, William Thackeray, George Eliot and Thomas Hardy.World War I sisters, Charles Dickens, William Thackeray, George Eliot and Thomas Hardy.World War I gave rise to British war poets and writers such as Wilfred Owen, Siegfried Sassoon, Robert gave rise to British war poets and writers such as Wilfred Owen, Siegfried Sassoon, Robert Graves and Rupert Brooke who wrote of their expectations of war, and their experiences in Graves and Rupert Brooke who wrote of their expectations of war, and their experiences in the trench. Celtic Revival stimulated new appreciation of traditional Irish literature, the trench. Celtic Revival stimulated new appreciation of traditional Irish literature, however, with the independence of the Irish Free State, Irish literature came to be seen as however, with the independence of the Irish Free State, Irish literature came to be seen as more clearly separate from the strains of British literature. The Scottish Renaissance of the more clearly separate from the strains of British literature. The Scottish Renaissance of the early 20th century brought modernism to Scottish literature as well as an interest in new early 20th century brought modernism to Scottish literature as well as an interest in new forms in the literatures of Scottish Gaelic and Scots.The English novel developed in the 20th forms in the literatures of Scottish Gaelic and Scots.The English novel developed in the 20th century into much greater variety and was greatly enriched by immigrant writers. century into much greater variety and was greatly enriched by immigrant writers.

A portrait of Sherlock Holmes by A portrait of Sherlock Holmes by Sidney Paget from the Strand Sidney Paget from the Strand

Magazine, 1891Magazine, 1891Rudyard Kipling If— (1896). Rudyard Kipling If— (1896).

Doubleday Page and Company Doubleday Page and Company 1910.1910.

architecturearchitecture

The The architecture architecture of the United Kingdom includes many features that precede the creation of the United of the United Kingdom includes many features that precede the creation of the United Kingdom in 1707, from as early as before Skara Brae and Stonehenge. Since the foundation of the United Kingdom, Kingdom in 1707, from as early as before Skara Brae and Stonehenge. Since the foundation of the United Kingdom, architecture has been placed in a context of the earliest remnants of architecture including the Giant's Ring, and architecture has been placed in a context of the earliest remnants of architecture including the Giant's Ring, and Avebury, and Roman ruins. In most towns and villages the parish church is an indication of the age of the Avebury, and Roman ruins. In most towns and villages the parish church is an indication of the age of the settlement. Many castles remain from the medieval period. Over the two centuries following the Norman conquest settlement. Many castles remain from the medieval period. Over the two centuries following the Norman conquest of 1066, and the building of the Tower of London, castles such as Caernarfon Castle in Wales and Carrickfergus of 1066, and the building of the Tower of London, castles such as Caernarfon Castle in Wales and Carrickfergus Castle in Ireland were built.In the United Kingdom, a listed building is a building or other structure officially Castle in Ireland were built.In the United Kingdom, a listed building is a building or other structure officially designated as being of special architectural, historical or cultural significance. About half a million buildings in the designated as being of special architectural, historical or cultural significance. About half a million buildings in the UK have "listed" status.One of the best known British architects working at the time of the foundation of the United UK have "listed" status.One of the best known British architects working at the time of the foundation of the United Kingdom was Sir Christopher Wren. He was employed to design and rebuild many of the ruined ancient churches of Kingdom was Sir Christopher Wren. He was employed to design and rebuild many of the ruined ancient churches of London following the Great Fire of London. His masterpiece, St Paul's Cathedral, was completed in the early years of London following the Great Fire of London. His masterpiece, St Paul's Cathedral, was completed in the early years of the United Kingdom.In the early 18th century baroque architecture — popular in Europe — was introduced, and the United Kingdom.In the early 18th century baroque architecture — popular in Europe — was introduced, and Blenheim Palace was built in this era. However, baroque was quickly replaced by a return of the Palladian form. The Blenheim Palace was built in this era. However, baroque was quickly replaced by a return of the Palladian form. The Georgian architecture of the 18th century was an evolved form of Palladianism. Many existing buildings such as Georgian architecture of the 18th century was an evolved form of Palladianism. Many existing buildings such as Woburn Abbey and Kedleston Hall are in this style. Among the many architects of this form of architecture and its Woburn Abbey and Kedleston Hall are in this style. Among the many architects of this form of architecture and its successors, neoclassical and romantic, were Robert Adam, Sir William Chambers, and James Wyatt.The aristocratic successors, neoclassical and romantic, were Robert Adam, Sir William Chambers, and James Wyatt.The aristocratic stately home continued the tradition of the first large gracious unfortified mansions such as the Elizabethan stately home continued the tradition of the first large gracious unfortified mansions such as the Elizabethan Montacute House and Hatfield House.In the early 19th century the romantic medieval gothic style appeared as a Montacute House and Hatfield House.In the early 19th century the romantic medieval gothic style appeared as a backlash to the symmetry of Palladianism, and such buildings as Fonthill Abbey were built. By the middle of the 19th backlash to the symmetry of Palladianism, and such buildings as Fonthill Abbey were built. By the middle of the 19th century, as a result of new technology, construction was able to develop incorporating steel as a building century, as a result of new technology, construction was able to develop incorporating steel as a building component; one of the greatest exponents of this was Joseph Paxton, architect of the Crystal Palace. Paxton also component; one of the greatest exponents of this was Joseph Paxton, architect of the Crystal Palace. Paxton also continued to build such houses as Mentmore Towers, in the still popular retrospective Renaissance styles. In this era continued to build such houses as Mentmore Towers, in the still popular retrospective Renaissance styles. In this era of prosperity and development British architecture embraced many new methods of construction, but ironically in of prosperity and development British architecture embraced many new methods of construction, but ironically in style, such architects as August Pugin ensured it remained firmly in the past.At the beginning of the 20th century a style, such architects as August Pugin ensured it remained firmly in the past.At the beginning of the 20th century a new form of design arts and crafts became popular, the architectural form of this style, which had evolved from the new form of design arts and crafts became popular, the architectural form of this style, which had evolved from the 19th century designs of such architects as George Devey, was championed by Edwin Lutyens. Arts and crafts in 19th century designs of such architects as George Devey, was championed by Edwin Lutyens. Arts and crafts in architecture is symbolized by an informal, non symmetrical form, often with mullioned or lattice windows, multiple architecture is symbolized by an informal, non symmetrical form, often with mullioned or lattice windows, multiple gables and tall chimneys. This style continued to evolve until World War II.Following the Second World War gables and tall chimneys. This style continued to evolve until World War II.Following the Second World War reconstruction went through a variety of phases, but was heavily influenced by Modernism, especially from the late reconstruction went through a variety of phases, but was heavily influenced by Modernism, especially from the late 1950s to the early 1970s. Many bleak town centre redevelopments—criticised for featuring hostile, concrete-lined 1950s to the early 1970s. Many bleak town centre redevelopments—criticised for featuring hostile, concrete-lined "windswept plazas"—were the fruit of this interest, as were many equally bleak public buildings, such as the "windswept plazas"—were the fruit of this interest, as were many equally bleak public buildings, such as the Hayward Gallery. Many Modernist inspired town centres are today in the process of being redeveloped, Bracknell Hayward Gallery. Many Modernist inspired town centres are today in the process of being redeveloped, Bracknell town centre being a case in point.However, it should not be forgotten that in the immediate post-War years many town centre being a case in point.However, it should not be forgotten that in the immediate post-War years many thousands (perhaps hundreds of thousands) of council houses in vernacular style were built, giving working class thousands (perhaps hundreds of thousands) of council houses in vernacular style were built, giving working class people their first experience of private gardens and indoor sanitation.Modernism remains a significant force in UK people their first experience of private gardens and indoor sanitation.Modernism remains a significant force in UK architecture, although its influence is felt predominantly in commercial buildings. The two most prominent architecture, although its influence is felt predominantly in commercial buildings. The two most prominent proponents are Lord Rogers of Riverside and Lord Foster of Thames Bank.proponents are Lord Rogers of Riverside and Lord Foster of Thames Bank.

Norman Foster's 'Gherkin' Norman Foster's 'Gherkin' (2004) rises above the 13th (2004) rises above the 13th century church St Helen's century church St Helen's Bishopsgate in the City of Bishopsgate in the City of

London. The architecture of London. The architecture of the United Kingdom is the United Kingdom is

diverse.diverse.

The Forth Railway Bridge is a cantilever bridge over the Firth of Forth in the east of Scotland. It was opened in 1890, and is designated as a Category A listed building.

**ААrchitecturerchitecture GB is famous for it’s ancient GB is famous for it’s ancient

architecture in different towns architecture in different towns

St Peters Church

The Tolbooth

The High Street

The Market Cross

Greyfriars Covenant

Useful Info.Useful Info. Currency – Pound Sterling (Euros Accepted)Currency – Pound Sterling (Euros Accepted) Easy Counting ; $2 = 1 British PoundEasy Counting ; $2 = 1 British Pound Sales Tax known as VAT @ 17.5% is includedSales Tax known as VAT @ 17.5% is included Brits drive on the Left – Opposite Direction ! Brits drive on the Left – Opposite Direction !

Look Look RIGHTRIGHT thenthen LEFTLEFT to cross the street to cross the street Electricity is 240V, don’t stick your finger in the socket !Electricity is 240V, don’t stick your finger in the socket ! Dial 999 for Emergency ServicesDial 999 for Emergency Services Need Advil, a candy bar, underwear or a newspaper, go to Need Advil, a candy bar, underwear or a newspaper, go to

ASDA (closest British equivalent to Target)ASDA (closest British equivalent to Target) Illegal to carry guns; Police not armed. Don’t talk about Illegal to carry guns; Police not armed. Don’t talk about

guns, no one will understandguns, no one will understand

The Parting ShotThe Parting ShotIf All Else Fails Just Remember...If All Else Fails Just Remember...

The British solution toThe British solution toany problem, crisis or disaster...any problem, crisis or disaster...

"I'll just make us a nice cup of "I'll just make us a nice cup of tea."tea."