Gautier BRODEO, urban rail expert Automation in urban ...

41
Automation in urban public transportation February 2016 Gautier BRODEO, urban rail expert

Transcript of Gautier BRODEO, urban rail expert Automation in urban ...

Page 1: Gautier BRODEO, urban rail expert Automation in urban ...

Automation in urban public transportation F eb r u a r y 2 0 1 6

Gautier BRODEO, urban rail expert

Page 2: Gautier BRODEO, urban rail expert Automation in urban ...

CONTENTS

2

WHAT IS CBTC ?

BENEFITS OF AUTOMATED SYSTEMS

AUTOMATION : RATP’s ACHIEVEMENTS

TRENDS AND EVOLUTION OF AUTOMATIION IN THE WORLD

THE USE OF RADIO FREQUENCIES FOR SIGNALLING SYSTEMS

Page 3: Gautier BRODEO, urban rail expert Automation in urban ...

WHAT IS CBTC ?

3

1

Page 4: Gautier BRODEO, urban rail expert Automation in urban ...

1

4

WHAT IS CBTC ?

The new market standard for signaling systems

Most often using radio frequencies for train to track communication

Communication Based Train Control Systems

3

Vital On-board Unit

Safety limit fixed by the vital zone computing unitVital speed profile computed

by the vital on-board unit

Vital On-board Unit

Vital Zone Computing UnitInterlocking

Sends Movement

Authority Limit to trains

Transmits train positionTransmits train position

Radiofrequency

real-time & bidirectional

communication

Page 5: Gautier BRODEO, urban rail expert Automation in urban ...

AUTOMATION RATP’s ACHIEVEMENTS

5

2

Page 6: Gautier BRODEO, urban rail expert Automation in urban ...

2

6

Levels of automation

ACHIEVEMENTS

GOA1 GOA2 GOA3 GOA4

Page 7: Gautier BRODEO, urban rail expert Automation in urban ...

2

7

RATP’s first times

ACHIEVEMENTS

Automated metro is the result of a long story of innovation that began in the 50’s.

Line a m Network

Line p

World 1st GOA4 large capacity metro

90% of metro

network is GOA2

1st ATO

exp.

Line a Lines cfk

1st new generation GOA2 lines, with CAB-Signal (5,9)

1st OCC World 1st automation of an existing line without major traffic disruptions

World 1st First safety critical computerized system

1981: World first GOA4 lines (Japan)

Page 8: Gautier BRODEO, urban rail expert Automation in urban ...

Line 14 1998

8

The first fully-automated large capacity metro

Page 9: Gautier BRODEO, urban rail expert Automation in urban ...

In 1987, RATP proposes a solution to relieve traffic on the RER A. Construction starts in 1992, first tests of the automated system begin in 1995 and the line opens in 1998.

2

9

Line 14 construction ACHIEVEMENTS

TECHNICAL CHALLENGES

• Infrastructure designed for performance : Distance between stations, tracks (straight profile, chain profile )

• Safety criteria allocated on every system component

• Board/tracks data transmission via Magnetic Loops (ATP/ATO : Automatic train protection and automatic train operation)

• Capitalizing on SACEM achievements : encoded processor, industrialization of B method

• Innovations : Video surveillance by radio

Innovation lies above all in the operational management model.

Large capacity

auto. metro

SYSTEM VISION

A whole system to re-think :

• organization (maintenance and operation),

• Passenger service (stations, staff presence),

• And technical systems with new safety challenges

Line 14 automated system prefigures modern CBTC (Communication Based Train Control)

Page 10: Gautier BRODEO, urban rail expert Automation in urban ...

Line 1 2012

10

World first automation of an existing line without major traffic disruptions

Page 11: Gautier BRODEO, urban rail expert Automation in urban ...

Built in 1900, Line 1 is the oldest, fastest and most crowded line of the Paris metro network. It is heavy loaded during rush hours and also off-peak hours, weekends & holiday periods. In 2003, RATP launches an automation feasibility study.

2

11

Line 1 automation ACHIEVEMENTS

A 100-YEAR OLD LINE

Old infrastructures and specific configuration, implying

• Renewal of all the signalling equipment

• Infrastructure adaptation (Energy, tracks, platforms)

• Curved stations management

Double challenge

Automation of a 100-year old line without major traffic disruption

NO TRAFFFIC INTERRUPTION

Automatizing a line without traffic disruption implies strong operational constraints :

• Work shifts of 3 hours per night

• Maintenance works “as usual”

• Mixed mode operation (trains with and without drivers)

Page 12: Gautier BRODEO, urban rail expert Automation in urban ...

Lines 3, 5, 9 2015

12

GOA2 new generation

Page 13: Gautier BRODEO, urban rail expert Automation in urban ...

OCTYS principles….

2

13

New generation GOA2 ACHIEVEMENTS

INTERCHANGEABILITY

MAIN FEATURES

• transmission via free propagation radio @ 5.9 GHz

• System architecture compatible with international standards (IEC62-290 & Modurban)

• Software safety demonstration by

− B Method or

− Formal proof– innovation

Rolling Stock Trainborne ATC

Trainborne Radio

Trackside Radio and Backbone

Computerized Interlocking

OCC (ATS)

PSD (Platform Screen Dors)

Block Relay Signaling

Fixed ATC

Data

Tra

nsm

issi

on

Syst

em

Beacons

4 Separate contract shares for GOA2 CBTC

Page 14: Gautier BRODEO, urban rail expert Automation in urban ...

ADVANTAGES OF THE AUTOMATED METRO

14

3

Page 15: Gautier BRODEO, urban rail expert Automation in urban ...

3

15

4 kinds of improvement ADVANTAGES of Automated metro

Automated system has many benefits.

Better socio-economic performance (GoA4)

Better Safety (GoA2, GoA3, GoA4)

Better functional performance

(GoA2, GOA3, GoA4)

Better environmental performance

Page 16: Gautier BRODEO, urban rail expert Automation in urban ...

Platform screen doors prevent technical incidents and accidents

3

16

Better safety ADVANTAGES of Automated metro

No accident on automated line in Paris.

HUMAN FACTOR

TRACK/PLATFORM INTERFACE

Compared error rates

• Human operator: 10-3/h (10-4/h if well trained)

• Automated system : <10-9/h

CONTINUOUS CONTROL

Signal passed at danger or overspeed are

• anticipated

• controlled

• And leads to emergency stopping of the train

0 accidents

WARNING : The maintaining of drivers’ competences, which are needed during rare automated system breakdowns, is a major challenge.

Losing the barriers between the responsibility of the automatic pilot and the driver can prove to be disastrous.

Page 17: Gautier BRODEO, urban rail expert Automation in urban ...

• Increased ridership

• Better service : less delay-related economic losses

• No more passenger accidents

3

17

Better OPEX ADVANTAGES of Automated metro

ADDITIONAL COSTS

OTHER SAVINGS

• Maintenance of new functions and equipment

DIRECT SAVINGS

• Less staff to operate

• Less maintenance on trains (less traction / braking commutations for instance)

• Energy savings

Return on investment within 15 years (line 1)

Film circulation trains (L1)

Page 18: Gautier BRODEO, urban rail expert Automation in urban ...

• Coasting and dwelling times are precisely controlled

3

18

Functional performance ADVANTAGES of Automated metro

For Paris line 1 when converted to GoA4.

CAPACITY

RELIABILITY

• Reduces headway Line 1 and 14 can reach a headway of 85 seconds

• No more driver cabin (GoA4) : better train capacity

ADAPTABILITY

• Possibility to add more trains instantaneously Example : end of a music show

• Reduced marginal cost of operation (enables to increase the service off peak for instance)

+ 30% capacity

• After an incident, back to normal within minutes

RESILIENCE

Headway of 100s all day long on line 1 during heavy maintenance work on line A during summer

98% satisfied

passengers

Page 19: Gautier BRODEO, urban rail expert Automation in urban ...

TRENDS AND EVOLUTION OF AUTOMATIION IN THE WORLD UITP data from Observatory of automated metro

19

4

Page 20: Gautier BRODEO, urban rail expert Automation in urban ...

99 km

Lille

Osaka

Vancouver

Yokohama Kobe

Detroit

Miami

New York

Jacksonville

1981 1982 1983 1985 1986 1987 1989

PIONEERS ERA: 1980-90

Page 21: Gautier BRODEO, urban rail expert Automation in urban ...

99 km

Lille

Osaka

Vancouver

Yokohama Kobe

Detroit

Miami

New York

Jacksonville

1981 1982 1983 1985 1986 1987 1989

PIONEERS ERA: 1980-90

Page 22: Gautier BRODEO, urban rail expert Automation in urban ...

1991

EARLY ADOPTERS: 1990-2000

Lille

Osaka

Vancouver

Yokohama Kobe

Detroit

Miami

New York

Jacksonville

213 km

Paris

1992

Lyon

1993

Toulouse

1995

Tokyo

Kuala Lumpur

1998 1999

Singapore

Page 23: Gautier BRODEO, urban rail expert Automation in urban ...

2002

Lille

Osaka

Vancouver

Yokohama Kobe

Detroit

Miami

New York

Jacksonville

Paris

Lyon

Toulouse

Tokyo

Kuala Lumpur

Singapore

A PROVEN REALITY: 2000-2010

Rennes

Copenhagen

2004

Las Vegas

2005

Nagoya Hong Kong

2006

Torino

Dubai Taipei

Barcelona

450 km

Lausanne

2008 2009

Page 24: Gautier BRODEO, urban rail expert Automation in urban ...

2010

Lille

Osaka

Vancouver

Yokohama

Detroit

Miami

New York

Jacksonville

Paris Toulouse

Tokyo

Kuala Lumpur

Singapore

A PROVEN REALITY: 2010-TODAY

Copenhagen

Las Vegas Nagoya Hong Kong

Dubai Taipei

Barcelona

São Paulo

Busan

2011

Seoul

2012

Uijeongbu

2013

Yongin

2014

Budapest Rome

737 km

Nüremberg Milano

Kobe Brescia Torino

Rennes

Lyon Lausanne

2015

Daegu

Page 25: Gautier BRODEO, urban rail expert Automation in urban ...

future 2328 km

EXPONENTIAL GROWTH! 2014-2025

Page 26: Gautier BRODEO, urban rail expert Automation in urban ...

AUTOMATION TODAY

Page 27: Gautier BRODEO, urban rail expert Automation in urban ...

AUTOMATION TODAY

Europa New Conventional Lines vs UTO Lines

Page 28: Gautier BRODEO, urban rail expert Automation in urban ...

0%

2%

4%

6%

8%

10%

12%

14%

16%

18%

AUTOMATION TODAY

UTO % of km per Country

17

%

15

% 11

%

Page 29: Gautier BRODEO, urban rail expert Automation in urban ...

-40

-30

-20

-10

0

10

20

30

40

LIL

L2

SIN

CC

L

PA

R L

1

TOR

L1

TOU

LB

NU

E U

2

SIN

NEL

TOU

LA

LYN

LD

/Mag

galy

RO

M L

C

LSN

M2

MLN

L5

/M5

BR

ES M

etro

Bs

LIL

L1

RN

S LA

BC

N L

9-1

0

NU

E U

3

BU

D M

4

BU

S L4

CP

H M

1/M

2

DU

B G

reen

L.

PA

R L

14

VN

C C

anad

a L.

SP L

4/Y

ello

w L

.

SEO

SB

L

SIN

Do

wn

tow

n L

.

KLP

Kel

ana

Jaya

L.

DU

B R

ed

L.

VN

C E

xpo

L.

VN

C M

illen

ium

L.

TAI W

enh

u L

.

BU

S B

usa

n-G

imh

ae L

.

DA

E Sk

y R

ail/

L3

DET

DP

M

DU

B P

alm

Ju

me

irah

Mo

HK

G D

RL

JSV

JTA

Sky

way

KO

B P

ort

Lin

er

KO

B R

okk

o L

ine

r

LVG

Las

Ve

gas

MR

MIA

Met

rom

ove

r

NA

G L

inim

o

NY

Air

trai

n J

FK

OSK

Ne

w T

ram

PA

R O

rlyv

al

SIN

Bu

kit

Pan

jan

g

SP L

15

/Pra

ta

TOK

New

Tra

nsi

t

TOK

Nip

po

ri-T

on

eri

UIJ

UL

YKH

Kan

azaw

a L.

YON

Eve

rlin

e

AUTOMATION TODAY

Constructive models: underground vs elevated (# stations)

50 %

50%

Page 30: Gautier BRODEO, urban rail expert Automation in urban ...

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

Signaling Solutions: Share of Inductive loops – Radio - Wave

34%

28%

10%

Inductive Loop

RF free propagation

Radio

Guided Wave

Non CBTC

29% Inductive

TRENDS & EVOLUTION

Page 31: Gautier BRODEO, urban rail expert Automation in urban ...

Future Growth

Exponential growth! FUTURE: GROWTH

0

250

500

750

1000

1250

1500

1750

2000

2250

19

80

19

82

19

84

19

86

19

88

19

90

19

92

19

94

19

96

19

98

20

00

20

02

20

04

20

06

20

08

20

10

20

12

20

14

20

16

20

18

20

20

20

22

20

24

1x

>8x

Page 32: Gautier BRODEO, urban rail expert Automation in urban ...

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

1990 2000 2010 2020

x 2 x 2.4

x 3.9

Exponential growth! relative to previous decade FUTURE: GROWTH

Page 33: Gautier BRODEO, urban rail expert Automation in urban ...

Worldwide growth distribution (% of new km’s 2015-25)

FUTURE: GROWTH

2% 3% 10%

26% 29% 31%

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

35%

Australia North America South America Europe Asia Middle East

Page 34: Gautier BRODEO, urban rail expert Automation in urban ...

THE USE OF RADIO FREQUENCIES FOR SIGNALLING SYSTEMS

34

5

Page 35: Gautier BRODEO, urban rail expert Automation in urban ...

5

35

FREQUENCY BANDWIDTH

CBTC Main criteria for radio frequency selection:

Propagation (either in tunnels and in open air)

Resilience (robustness to perturbations)

Bandwidth (hundreds of kb/s required for CBTC)

Common applications:

Wifi based 2.4 GHz (or 5.1-5.8 GHz)Open band (ISM) but more and more saturated with commercial Wifi, Bluetooth and Zigbee applications

Wifi based 5.9 GHzNot (yet) saturated band but subject to local licensing

LTE based frequencies (4G/5G) Dependency to radio-communication operators

Page 36: Gautier BRODEO, urban rail expert Automation in urban ...

5

36

FREQUENCY BANDWIDTH

CBTC Several EU countries already use radio

communication systems in the 5,9GHz range :

SNCF for freight trains : 5,915 GHz to 5,935 GHz

RATP for Paris subway : 5,915 GHz to 5,935 GHz

SYTRAL for Lyon subway : 5,915 GHz to 5,935 GHz

Copenhagen : 5,925 GHz to 5,975 GHz

Helsinki : 5,925 GHz to 5,960 GHz

Malaga : 5,915 GHz to 5,935 GHz

Lille : 5,915 GHz to 5,935 GHz

All on a limited duration licensing scheme

depending on the local regulation authority

Page 37: Gautier BRODEO, urban rail expert Automation in urban ...

5

37

FREQUENCY BANDWIDTH

The threat :

Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS)

Page 38: Gautier BRODEO, urban rail expert Automation in urban ...

5

38

FREQUENCY BANDWIDTH

ITS include telematics and all types of ommunications

in vehicles, between vehicles (e.g. car-to-car), and

between vehicles and fixed locations (e.g. car-to-

infrastructure)

Already owning the 5.875-5.905 GHz band (decision

ECC(08)01)

With an option toward 5.905-5.925 GHz for future functionalities (confirmed in December 2012)

9

Page 39: Gautier BRODEO, urban rail expert Automation in urban ...

5

39

FREQUENCY BANDWIDTH

Conflicting bandwidth allocation

Page 40: Gautier BRODEO, urban rail expert Automation in urban ...

5

40

FREQUENCY BANDWIDTH Position paper & Spectrum Users Group of UITP

Page 41: Gautier BRODEO, urban rail expert Automation in urban ...

Metro automation is a … - proven - scalable - adaptable … solution that meets the needs of diverse mobility scenarios