Gas TurbineDemonstration

Heat Engines & Boilers

Contents

• History

• Ancient gas turbines

• Up to date gas turbines for aviation

• Up to date industrial gas turbines

Development of gas turbines• 1791 - John Barber received the first patent for a basic turbine engine.

His design was planned to use as a method of propelling the 'horseless carriage.' The turbine was designed with a chain-driven, reciprocating type of compressor. It has a compressor, a combustion chamber, and a turbine.

• 1872 - Dr. F. Stolze designed the first true gas turbine engine. His engine used a multistage turbine section and a flow compressor. This engine never ran under its own power.

• 1903 - Aegidius Elling of Norway built the first successful gas turbine using both rotary compressors and turbines - the first gas turbine with excess power.

• 1904 Unsuccessful gas turbine project by Franz Stolze in Berlin (first axial compressor)

• 1906 GT by Armengaud Lemale in France (centrifugal compressor, no useful power)

• 1910 First GT featuring intermittent combustion (Holzwarth, 150 kW, constant volume combustion)

• 1914 - Charles Curtis filed the first application for a gas turbine engine.

Further development of gas turbines• 1918 - General Electric company started a gas turbine division.

Dr. Stanford A. Moss developed the GE turbosupercharger engine during W.W.I. It used hot exhaust gases from a reciprocating engine to drive a turbine wheel that in turn drove a centrifugal compressor used for supercharging.

• 1920 - Dr. A. A. Griffith developed a theory of turbine design based on gas flow past airfoils rather than through passages.

• 1923 First exhaust-gas turbocharger to increase the power of diesel engines

• 1930 - Sir Frank Whittle in England patented a design for a gas turbine for jet propulsion. The first successful use of this engine was in April, 1937. His early work on the theory of gas propulsion was based on the contributions of most of the earlier pioneers of this field.

• 1936 - At the same time as Frank Whittle was working in Great Britain, Hans von Ohian and Max Hahn, students in Germany developed and patented their own engine design.

• 1939 (August) - The aircraft company Ernst Heinkel Aircraft flew the first flight of a gas turbine jet, the HE178.

Further development of gas turbines• 1938 György Jedrassik (Hungary) designed and build a pilot a gas

turbine with 73 kW, 21.2% efficiency. • 1939 World’s first gas turbine for power generation

(Brown Boveri Company), Neuchâtel, Switzerland • 1941 - Sir Frank Whittle designed the first successful turbojet

airplane, the Gloster Meteor, flown over Great Britain. Whittle improved his jet engine during the war, and in 1942 he shipped an engine prototype to General Electric in the United States. America's first jet plane was built the following year.

• 1942 - Dr. Franz Anslem developed the axial-flow turbojet, Junkers Jumo 004, used in the Messerschmitt Me 262, the world's first operational jet fighter.

• After W.W.II, the development of jet engines was directed by a number of commercial companies. Jet engines soon became the most popular method of powering airplanes.

• Developments happens for the first time for military applications• Then it is followed by commercial flight and then industrial

applications

Drawing of first gas turbine

[from Eddie Taylor’s paper collection]

Turboprop engine of György Jendrassik

The world’s first aircraft to fly purely on turbojet power, the Heinkel He 178. Its first true flight was on 27 August, 1939.

Axial-flow turbojet, Junkers Jumo 004, used in the

Messerschmitt Me 262, the world's first operational jet fighter.

Gas turbine of Whittle (1941)

Subsonic fighter aircraft engine

Subsonic fighter aircrafts MIG 15 F86Sabre

Development of engine pressure ratio over years

Development of firing temperature over years

Single shaft gas turbine

Dual Shaft Gas Turbine

Dual Shaft Aero-derivative Gas Turbine

Three-shaft gas turbine principal

Three-shaft gas turbine

Three-shaft industrial gas-turbine

Three-shaft industrial gas-turbine

Aero turbo-fan engine principal

Three-shaft aero engine

Turbofan engine built up

Rolls-Royce Trent

Real turbo-fan engine

Real turbo-fan engine

Combustion chamber cross section

Supersonic fighter aircraft engine

Supersonic fighter aircraft engine

Aircraft engine with trust reverse

Afterburner

Up to date industrial gas-turbine cross section

Up to date industrial gas-turbine cross section

Industrial gas turbine

Installed industrial gas turbine

Gas turbine with silo type combustors

Recuperative industrial gas turbine

Turbine stages of an industrial gas turbine

Turbine stages of an industrial gas turbine during maintenance

Combustion chamber elements of an industrial gas turbine

Combined gas and oil burnerof an industrial gas turbine

Transition pieces in between combustion chamber an turbine

Stator blades of the turbineof an industrial gas turbine

Sealing solutions of turbine blades

Operational flow chart of Capstone C330

Cross section of Capstone C330

Summary

You are already familiar with

• History

• Ancient gas turbines

• Up to date gas turbines for aviation

• Up to date industrial gas turbines

Thank You for Your Attention !